Remote distribution of non-classical correlations over 1250 modes between a telecom photon and a ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ crystal

Abstract

Quantum repeaters based on heralded entanglement require quantum nodes that are able to generate multimode quantum correlations between memories and telecommunication photons. The communication rate scales linearly with the number of modes, yet highly multimode quantum storage remains challenging. In this work, we demonstrate an atomic frequency comb quantum memory with a time-domain mode capacity of 1250 modes and a bandwidth of 100 MHz, to our knowledge the largest number of modes stored in the quantum regime. The memory is based on a $Y_{2}Si{O}_5$ crystal doped with ${}^{171}Y{b}^{3+}$ ions, with a memory wavelength of 979 nm. The memory is interfaced with a source of non-degenerate photon pairs at 979 and 1550 nm, bandwidth-matched to the quantum memory. We obtain strong non-classical second-order cross correlations over all modes, for storage times of up to $25$ $\mu s$. The telecommunication photons propagated through 5 km of fiber before the release of the memory photons, a key capability for quantum repeaters based on heralded entanglement and feed-forward operations. Building on this experiment should allow distribution of entanglement between remote quantum nodes, with enhanced rates owing to the high multimode capacity.

8 pages, 5 figures

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• Coherent optical-microwave interface for manipulation of low-field electronic clock transitions in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$
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• Remote Quantum Networks based on Quantum Memories
• Efficient and reversible optical-to-spin conversion for solid-state quantum memories
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• Incoherent Measurement of Sub-10 kHz Optical Linewidths
• Photonic quantum information with time-bins: Principles and applications
• Comparing the performance of practical two-qubit gates for individual ${}^{171}$Yb ions in yttrium orthovanadate
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• Dynamics of Quantum Coherence and Non-Classical Correlations in Open Quantum System Coupled to a Squeezed Thermal Bath