Coherent optical-microwave interface for manipulation of low-field electronic clock transitions in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$

Abstract

The coherent interaction of solid-state spins with both optical and microwave fields provides a platform for a range of quantum technologies, such as quantum sensing, microwave-to-optical quantum transduction and optical quantum memories. Rare-earth ions with electronic spins are interesting in this context, but it is challenging to simultaneously and efficiently drive both optical and microwave transitions over a long crystal. In this work, we use a loop-gap microwave resonator to coherently drive optical and microwave clock transitions in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$, at close to zero external magnetic field. The low magnetic field regime is particularly interesting for interfacing these spin transitions with superconducting circuits. We achieve a Rabi frequency of 0.56 MHz at 2.497 GHz, over a 1-cm long crystal. Furthermore, we provide new insights into the spin dephasing mechanism at very low fields, showing that superhyperfine-induced collapse of the Hahn echo signal plays an important role at low fields. Our calculations and measurements reveal that the effective magnetic moment can be manipulated in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$, allowing to suppress the superhyperfine interaction at the clock transition. At a doping concentration of 2 ppm and a temperature of $3.4$ K, we achieve the longest spin coherence time of $10.0\pm 0.4\text{ms}$ reported in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$.

arXiv comment8 pages, 4 figures, SI in ancillary files

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• Quantum networks using rare-earth ions
• Broadband and long-duration optical memory in Yb:YSO
• Identifying optimal magnetic field configurations for decoherence mitigation of boron vacancies in hexagonal boron nitride
• Comparing the performance of practical two-qubit gates for individual ${}^{171}$Yb ions in yttrium orthovanadate