A magneto-optic modulator with unit quantum effciency

Abstract

We propose a device for the reversible and quiet conversion of microwave photons to optical sideband photons, that can reach 100% quantum effciency. The device is based on an erbium doped crystal placed in both an optical and microwave resonator. We show that effcient conversion can be achieved so long as the product of the optical and microwave cooperativity factors can be made large. We argue achieving this regime is feasible with current technology and we discuss a possible implementation.

5 pages, 6 figures

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• Efficient single sideband microwave to optical conversion using an electro-optical whispering gallery mode resonator
• Coherent control and single-shot readout of a rare-earth ion embedded in a nanophotonic cavity
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• Coherent control of the silicon-vacancy spin in diamond
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• Coherent conversion between microwave and optical photons -- an overview of physical implementations
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• Bidirectional electro-optic conversion reaching 1% efficiency with thin-film lithium niobate
• On-chip coherent microwave-to-optical transduction mediated by ytterbium in YVO${}_4$
• Coherent frequency up-conversion of microwaves to the optical telecommunications band in an Er:YSO crystal
• On-chip microwave-to-optical quantum coherent converter based on a superconducting resonator coupled to an electro-optic microresonator
• Heralded Generation and Detection of Entangled Microwave--Optical Photon Pairs
• High efficiency coherent microwave-to-optics conversion via off-resonant scattering
• Coherent storage of microwave excitations in rare-earth nuclear spins
• On-chip storage of broadband photonic qubits in a cavity-protected rare-earth ensemble
• Microwave-to-optical transduction using a mechanical supermode for coupling piezoelectric and optomechanical resonators
• Microwave multimode memory with an Er${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ spin ensemble
• Controlling single rare earth ion emission in an electro-optical nanocavity
• Cavity enhanced Raman heterodyne spectroscopy in Er:YSO for microwave to optical signal conversion
• Microwave-to-optical conversion with a gallium phosphide photonic crystal cavity
• Coherent and Purcell-enhanced emission from erbium dopants in a cryogenic high-Q resonator
• Electron Spin Coherences in Rare-Earth Optically Excited States for Microwave to Optical Quantum Transducers
• Efficient frequency conversion in a degenerate ${\chi }^{(2)}$ microresonator
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• Ground-state Pulsed Cavity Electro-optics for Microwave-to-optical Conversion
• Microwave-to-optical conversion via four-wave-mixing in a cold ytterbium ensemble
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• Narrow optical linewidths in erbium implanted in TiO${}_2$
• Cavity piezomechanical strong coupling and frequency conversion on an aluminum nitride chip
• Two-way interconversion of millimeter-wave and optical fields in Rydberg gases
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• Interfacing microwave qubits and optical photons via spin ensembles
• Coherent spin dynamics of ytterbium ions in yttrium orthosilicate
• Long spin coherence times in the ground state and an optically excited state of ${}^{167}$Er${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ at zero magnetic field
• Microwave--Optical entanglement in a Strongly Coupled Electro-Optomechanical System
• Microwave to optical conversion with atoms on a superconducting chip
• Nonlocal magnon entanglement generation in coupled hybrid cavity systems
• Optical coherence of ${}^{166}$Er:${}^7$LiYF${}_4$ crystal below 1 Kelvin
• Selective optical addressing of nuclear spins through superhyperfine interaction in rare-earth doped solids
• Cavity magnon polariton based precision magnetometry
• Ultrastrong coupling between a microwave resonator and antiferromagnetic resonances of rare earth ion spins
• Interfacing superconducting qubits and single optical photons using molecules in waveguides
• Quantum routing of single optical photons with a superconducting flux qubit
• Coupling erbium spins to a three-dimensional superconducting cavity at zero magnetic field
• Coherent coupling between multiple ferrimagnetic spheres and a microwave cavity in the quantum-limit
• Characterization of Er${}^{3+}$:YVO${}_4$ for microwave to optical transduction
• Scalable microwave-to-optical transducers at single photon level with spins
• Solid state optical interconnect between distant superconducting quantum chips
• Towards long-distance quantum networks with superconducting processors and optical links
• A perspective on the pathway to a scalable quantum internet using rare-earth ions
• Radiative cooling of a spin ensemble
• Hyperfine interactions of ${\text{Er}}^{3+}$ ions in ${\text{Y}}_2{\text{SiO}}_5$: electron paramagnetic resonance in a tunable microwave cavity
• Single Photon Level Study of Microwave Properties of Lithium Niobate at milli-Kelvin Temperatures
• High-cooperativity coupling of a rare-earth spin ensemble to a superconducting resonator using yttrium orthosilicate as a substrate
• Coherent optical and spin spectroscopy of nanoscale Pr3+:Y2O3
• Integrated Photonic Platforms for Quantum Technology: A Review
• Hyperfine Structure and Coherent Dynamics of Rare Earth Spins Explored with Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance at Sub-Kelvin Temperatures
• Optical study of the anisotropic erbium spin flip-flop dynamics
• Loop-gap Microwave Resonator for Hybrid Quantum Systems
• Magnon-driven dynamics of a hybrid system excited with ultrafast optical pulses
• Coherent spin dynamics of rare-earth doped crystals in the high-cooperativity regime
• High connectivity quantum processor nodes using single-ion-qubits in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals
• Optical coherence properties of Kramers' rare-earth ions at the nanoscale for quantum applications
• Anti-PT-symmetry-enhanced interconversion between microwave and optical fields
• Strong Coupling Between Whispering Gallery Photons and Spin States of Iron Group Impurity Ions
• Coherent optical-microwave interface for manipulation of low-field electronic clock transitions in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$
• Microwave-to-optics conversion using magnetostatic modes and a tunable optical cavity
• Coherence Time Extension by Large Scale Optical Spin Polarization in a Rare-Earth Doped Crystal
• Generation of spin squeezing via a fully quantum degenerate parametric amplifier
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• Evidence of Dilute Ferromagnetism in Rare-Earth doped YAG
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• Theory of Microwave-Optical Conversion Using Rare-Earth Ion Dopants
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• Probing Strong Coupling between a Microwave Cavity and a Spin Ensemble with Raman Heterodyne Spectroscopy
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• Generalized matching condition for unity efficiency quantum transduction
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• Entanglement Thresholds of Doubly-Parametric Quantum Transducers
• Optically-mediated remote entanglement generation in magnon-cavity systems
• Microscopic treatment of instantaneous spectral diffusion and its effect on quantum gate fidelities in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals
• Remote Cross-resonance Gate between Superconducting Fixed-frequency Qubits
• A controllable superconducting electromechanical oscillator with a suspended membrane
• Extending the spin coherence lifetimes of ${}^{167}$Er${}^{3+}$$:$Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ at subkelvin temperatures
• Dynamical phase-field model of cavity electromagnonic systems
• Two-photon Interface of Nuclear Spins Based on the Opto-Nuclear Quadrupolar Effect
• Entanglement transfer during quantum frequency conversion in gas-filled hollow-core fibers
• Long optical coherence times and coherent rare earth-magnon coupling in a rare earth doped anti-ferromagnet
• Enhancement of Microwave to Optical Spin-Based Quantum Transduction via a Magnon Mode
• Microwave-optical double resonance in a erbium-doped whispering-gallery-mode resonator
• Efficient Quantum Transduction Using Anti-Ferromagnetic Topological Insulators
• Indirect Methods to Control Population Distribution in a Large Spin System
• Optical and Raman spectroscopies of 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5 hyperfine structure for application toward microwave-to-optical transducer
• Dielectric microwave resonator with large optical apertures for spin-based quantum devices
• Harnessing Brillouin Interaction in Rare-earth Aluminosilicate Glass Microwires for Optoelectromechanic Quantum Transduction
• Electromagnetic properties of terbium gallium garnet at millikelvin temperatures and single photon energy
• Designing gate operations for single ion quantum computing in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals
• Stabilizing an optical cavity containing a bulk diamond crystal at millikelvin temperatures in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator
• Resonator-assisted quantum transduction between superconducting qubits and trapped atomic systems via Rydberg levels
• Microwave-to-optical frequency conversion based on the Lamb shift
• Loss-robust crossband entanglement generation beyond the direct-transduction limit
• Bidirectional and passive optical field to microwave field quantum converter with high bandwidth
• Crystal fields, exchange, and dipolar interactions and noncollinear magnons of erbium oxide