Probing Strong Coupling between a Microwave Cavity and a Spin Ensemble with Raman Heterodyne Spectroscopy

Abstract

Raman heterodyne spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the energy and dynamics of spins. The technique uses an optical pump to transfer coherence from a spin transition to an optical transition where the coherent emission is more easily detected. Here Raman heterodyne spectroscopy is used to probe an isotopically purified ensemble of erbium dopants, in a yttrium orthosilicate (Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$) crystal coupled to a microwave cavity. Because the erbium electron spin transition is strongly coupled to the microwave cavity, we observed Raman heterodyne signals at the resonant frequencies of the hybrid spin-cavity modes (polaritons) rather than the bare erbium spin transition frequency. Using the coupled system, we made saturation recovery measurements of the ground state spin relaxation time T${}_1$ = 10$\pm$3 seconds, and also observed Raman heterodyne signals using an excited state spin transition. We discuss the implications of these results for efforts towards converting microwave quantum states to optical quantum states.

arXiv comment9 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (34)

• Hybridizing ferromagnetic magnons and microwave photons in the quantum limit
• Broadband electro-optic frequency comb generation in an integrated microring resonator
• Quantum transduction of optical photons from a superconducting qubit
• Optical detection of radio waves through a nanomechanical transducer
• Perspectives on quantum transduction
• Coupling Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Diamond to Superconducting Flux Qubits
• Harnessing electro-optic correlations in an efficient mechanical converter
• A magneto-optic modulator with unit quantum effciency
• Anisotropic rare-earth spin ensemble strongly coupled to a superconducting resonator
• Resonant Electro-Optic Frequency Comb
• Controlling spin relaxation with a cavity
• Coherent conversion between microwave and optical photons -- an overview of physical implementations
• Interfacing Superconducting Qubits and Telecom Photons via a Rare-Earth Doped Crystal
• Coherent microwave-to-optical conversion via six-wave mixing in Rydberg atoms
• On-chip coherent microwave-to-optical transduction mediated by ytterbium in YVO${}_4$
• Coherent frequency up-conversion of microwaves to the optical telecommunications band in an Er:YSO crystal
• Simultaneous coherence enhancement of optical and microwave transitions in solid-state electronic spins
• Efficient microwave-to-optical conversion using Rydberg atoms
• Microwave-to-optical frequency conversion using a cesium atom coupled to a superconducting resonator
• Cavity enhanced Raman heterodyne spectroscopy in Er:YSO for microwave to optical signal conversion
• Electron Spin Coherences in Rare-Earth Optically Excited States for Microwave to Optical Quantum Transducers
• Microwave to optical photon conversion via fully concentrated rare-earth ion crystals
• Microwave-to-optical conversion via four-wave-mixing in a cold ytterbium ensemble
• 3D Cavity quantum electrodynamics with a rare-earth spin ensemble
• Two-way interconversion of millimeter-wave and optical fields in Rydberg gases
• Long spin coherence times in the ground state and an optically excited state of ${}^{167}$Er${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ at zero magnetic field
• Ultrastrong coupling between a microwave resonator and antiferromagnetic resonances of rare earth ion spins
• Coupling of erbium dopants to yttrium orthosilicate photonic crystal cavities for on-chip optical quantum memories
• Non-destructive photon detection using a single rare earth ion coupled to a photonic cavity
• Radiative cooling of a spin ensemble
• Hybrid quantum circuit with implanted erbium ions
• A Raman-Heterodyne Study of the Hyperfine Interaction of the Optically-Excited State ${}^5$D${}_0$ of Eu${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$
• Theory of Microwave-Optical Conversion Using Rare-Earth Ion Dopants
• Hyperfine interaction and coherence time of praseodymium ions at the site 2 in yttrium orthosilicate

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Many-body cavity quantum electrodynamics with driven inhomogeneous emitters
• Characterization of Er${}^{3+}$:YVO${}_4$ for microwave to optical transduction
• Coherent optical-microwave interface for manipulation of low-field electronic clock transitions in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{3+}$:Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$
• Long optical coherence times and coherent rare earth-magnon coupling in a rare earth doped anti-ferromagnet
• Microwave-optical double resonance in a erbium-doped whispering-gallery-mode resonator
• Coupling 4H-Silicon Carbide spins to a microwave resonator at milli-Kelvin temperature
• Stabilizing an optical cavity containing a bulk diamond crystal at millikelvin temperatures in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator