Applying Bayesian parameter estimation to relativistic heavy-ion collisions: simultaneous characterization of the initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium

Abstract

We quantitatively estimate properties of the quark-gluon plasma created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions utilizing Bayesian statistics and a multi-parameter model-to-data comparison. The study is performed using a recently developed parametric initial condition model, TRENTO, which interpolates among a general class of particle production schemes, and a modern hybrid model which couples viscous hydrodynamics to a hadronic cascade. We calibrate the model to multiplicity, transverse momentum, and flow data and report constraints on the parametrized initial conditions and the temperature-dependent transport coefficients of the quark-gluon plasma. We show that initial entropy deposition is consistent with a saturation-based picture, extract a relation between the minimum value and slope of the temperature-dependent specific shear viscosity, and find a clear signal for a nonzero bulk viscosity.

19 pages, 11 figures. This version includes minor clarifications in the description of the model and several updated references

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• Toward a foundation model for heavy-ion collision experiments based on point-cloud diffusion
• Report from the A.I. For Nuclear Physics Workshop
• From in-Medium Color Forces to Transport Properties of QGP
• Signatures of thermalized charm quarks in all charged flow observables
• Measurements of jets in heavy ion collisions
• Heavy-quark dynamics in a hydrodynamically evolving medium
• A Comprehensive Monte Carlo Framework for Jet-Quenching
• Exploring the partonic phase at finite chemical potential in and out-of equilibrium
• Bjorken variable and scale dependence of quark transport coefficient in Drell-Yan process for proton incident on nucleus
• A new way of determining the Lattice QCD equation of state at a finite chemical potential
• Causal hydrodynamic fluctuations in a one-dimensional expanding system
• Bottomonia Suppression in Heavy Ion Collisions from AdS/CFT
• Benchmarking nuclear matrix elements of $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay with high-energy nuclear collisions
• Bulk viscous effects on flow and dilepton radiation in a hybrid approach
• Solving the QCD effective kinetic theory with neural networks
• The size of the quark-gluon plasma in ultracentral collisions: impact of initial density fluctuations on the average transverse momentum
• Bayesian reconstruction of anisotropic flow fluctuations at fixed impact parameter
• Disentangling effects of nucleon size and nucleus structure in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Soft QCD Physics at the LHC: highlights and opportunities
• Viscous hydrodynamics for nonconformal anisotropic fluids
• Heavy meson flow harmonics in event-by-event viscous relativistic hydrodynamics
• Far-from-equilibrium hydrodynamic simulations of ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
• Fluctuations in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions
• An improved method to access initial states in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Universality of scaled particle spectra in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• First measurement of symmetric cumulants of hexagonal flow harmonics in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Equilibrium and non-equilibrium properties of the QGP in a magnetic field: a holographic approach
• Interplay between core and corona from small to large systems
• Jet momentum reconstruction in the QGP background with machine learning
• Rapidity dependence of mean transverse momentum fluctuation and decorrelation in baryon-dense medium
• Application of radial basis functions neutral networks in spectral functions
• Extracting the speed of sound of QCD from transverse momentum fluctuations
• Dynamic modeling for heavy-ion collisions
• From high $p_{\perp }$ theory and data to inferring anisotropy of Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Applicability of Hydrodynamics in Hadronic Phase of Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Mode-by-mode evolution of Pb-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV in a hybrid model
• Hydrodynamic Overview at Hot Quarks 2016
• Non-linear flow modes of identified particles in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV with the ALICE detector
• Longitudinal Dynamics of Large and Small Systems from a 3D Bayesian Calibration of RHIC Top-energy Collision Data
• Optimized fluid dynamics for heavy ion collisions
• Initial state and hydrodynamic modeling of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC BES energies
• The quest for the quark-gluon plasma from the perspective of dynamical models of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Theory overview of Heavy Ion collisions
• Landau Pomeranchuk Midgal Effect and Charm Production in $pp$ Collisions at Large Hadron Collider Energies using the Parton Cascade Model
• Characterizing the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions at the LHC with mean transverse momentum and anisotropic flow correlations
• Quantifying the Quark Gluon Plasma
• Holography in Quark-Gluon Plasma and Neutron Stars
• Entanglement and Excitations in Gauge/Gravity Duality
• Partonic transport model application to heavy flavor