Surface State Transport and Ambipolar Electric Field Effect in Bi2Se3 Nanodevices

Abstract

Electronic transport experiments involving the topologically protected states found at the surface of Bi2Se3 and other topological insulators require fine control over carrier density, which is challenging with existing bulk-doped material. Here we report on electronic transport measurements on thin (<100 nm) Bi2Se3 devices and show that the density of the surface states can be modulated via the electric field effect by using a top-gate with a high-k dielectric insulator. The conductance dependence on geometry, gate voltage, and temperature all indicate that transport is governed by parallel surface and bulk contributions. Moreover, the conductance dependence on top-gate voltage is ambipolar, consistent with tuning between electrons and hole carriers at the surface.

This paper is a significantly revised version of http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.3137, including new title, and therefore submitted as a new arxiv paper

References in corpus (19)

• Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
• The electronic properties of graphene
• $Z_2$ Topological Order and the Quantum Spin Hall Effect
• Superconducting proximity effect and Majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator
• Discovery (theoretical prediction and experimental observation) of a large-gap topological-insulator class with spin-polarized single-Dirac-cone on the surface
• Topological Field Theory of Time-Reversal Invariant Insulators
• Topological invariants of time-reversal-invariant band structures
• First observation of Spin-Momentum Helical Locking in Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3, demonstration of Topological-Order at 300K and a realization of topological-transport-regime
• Charged Impurity Scattering in Graphene
• Crossover of Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator of Bi2Se3 to the Two-Dimensional Limit
• Carrier transport in 2D graphene layers
• Topological Surface States Protected From Backscattering by Chiral Spin Texture
• Seeing the magnetic monopole through the mirror of topological surface states
• Aharonov-Bohm interference in topological insulator nanoribbons
• Experimental demonstration of the topological surface states protected by the time-reversal symmetry
• Quantum interference in macroscopic crystals of non-metallic Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Momentum-Resolved Landau-Level Spectroscopy of Dirac Surface State in Bi2Se3
• The Deposition of High-Quality HfO2 on Graphene and the Effect of Remote Oxide Phonon Scattering
• Magnetic Doping and Kondo Effect in Bi2Se3 Nanoribbons

Cited by in corpus (106)

• Topological insulators and superconductors
• Topological Insulator Materials
• Colloquium: Topological Band Theory
• Control over topological insulator photocurrents with light polarization
• Laser-thinning of MoS2: on demand generation of a single-layer semiconductor
• Band structure engineering in (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 ternary topological insulators
• Large tuneable Rashba spin splitting of a two-dimensional electron gas in Bi2Se3
• Bulk Band Gap and Surface State Conduction Observed in Voltage-Tuned Crystals of the Topological Insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Towards barrier free contact to MoS2 using graphene electrodes
• Band-Like Transport in High Mobility Unencapsulated Single-Layer MoS2 Transistors
• Ambipolar Field Effect in Topological Insulator Nanoplates of (BixSb1-x)2Te3
• Surface conduction of topological Dirac electrons in bulk insulating Bi2Se3
• Ultrafast Optical Excitation of a Persistent Surface-State Population in the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3
• Electrically tunable surface-to-bulk coherent coupling in topological insulator thin films
• Evidence for electron-electron interaction in topological insulator thin films
• Gate-tuned normal and superconducting transport at the surface of a topological insulator
• Two-dimensional Transport Induced Linear Magneto-Resistance in Topological Insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ Nanoribbons
• Measurement of intrinsic Dirac fermion cooling on the surface of a topological insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Photoemission Spectroscopy of Magnetic and Non-magnetic Impurities on the Surface of the Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ Topological Insulator
• Quantum interference and Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in topological insulators
• Surface States of Topological Insulators
• Insulating behavior in ultra-thin bismuth selenide field effect transistors
• Electric field screening in atomically thin layers of MoS2: the role of interlayer coupling
• Measurement of an Exceptionally Weak Electron-Phonon Coupling on the Surface of the Topological Insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ Using Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
• Selective probing of photo-induced charge and spin dynamics in the bulk and surface of a topological insulator
• An innovative way of etching MoS2: Characterization and mechanistic investigation
• Nonlinear optical probe of tunable surface electrons on a topological insulator
• Transport Properties of Topological Insulators: Band Bending, Bulk Metal-to-Insulator Transition, and Weak Anti-Localization
• Transport in three-dimensional topological insulators: theory and experiment
• Room temperature high frequency transport of Dirac fermions in epitaxially grown Sb_2Te_3 based topological insulators
• Surface dominated transport in single crystalline nanoflake devices of topological insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.8Se1.2
• Proximity effect in graphene-topological insulator heterostructures
• Data Storage: Review of Heusler Compounds
• Gate-tuned Differentiation of Surface-conducting States in Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3 Topological-insulator Thin Crystals
• Temperature dependence of Raman-active optical phonons in Bi_2Se_3 and Sb_2Te_3
• Observations of two-dimensional quantum oscillations and ambipolar transport in the topological insulator Bi2Se3 achieved by Cd doping
• Quasi-ballistic transport of Dirac fermions in a Bi2Se3 nanowire
• Intrinsic Electron-Phonon Resistivity in Bi2Se3 in the Topological Regime
• Surface versus bulk state in topological insulator Bi2Se3 under environmental disorder
• Electric Field Tuning of the Surface Band Structure of Topological Insulator Sb2Te3 Thin Films
• Current induced anisotropic magnetoresistance in topological insulator films
• Ordered Growth of Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 Thin Films on Dielectric Amorphous SiO2 by MBE
• Crossover between Weak Antilocalization and Weak Localization of Bulk States in Ultrathin Bi2Se3 Films
• Thin topological insulator film in a perpendicular magnetic field
• Influence of Topological Edge States on the Properties of Al/Bi2Se3/Al Hybrid Josephson Devices
• Magnetotransport and induced superconductivity in Bi based three-dimensional topological insulators
• Structural and electronic properties of highly doped topological insulator Bi2Se3 crystals
• Fingerprints of Inelastic Transport at the Surface of the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3: Role of Electron-Phonon Coupling
• Optical evidence of surface state suppression in Bi based topological insulators
• Effect of carrier recombination on ultrafast carrier dynamics in thin films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Interplay between topological insulators and superconductors
• Topological insulator quantum dot with tunable barriers
• Thermoelectric performance of classical topological insulator nanowires
• Direct observation of band bending in topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films as an alternative channel material in MOSFETs
• Topological Crystalline Insulator Nanostructures
• Ambipolar Surface Conduction in Ternary Topological Insulator Bi_2(Te_{1-x}Se_x)_3 Nanoribbons
• Large-Area and Transferred High-Quality Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator Bi2-xSbxTe3-ySey Ultrathin Film by Catalyst-Free Physical Vapor Deposition
• Electrostatic Coupling between Two Surfaces of a Topological Insulator Nanodevice
• Resonance-type thickness dependence of optical second harmonic generation in thin-films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Density Functional Study of Ternary Topological Insulator Thin Films
• Atomic-Layer-Deposited Al2O3 on Bi2Te3 for Topological Insulator Field-Effect Transistors
• Conductance modulation in topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films with ionic liquid gating
• Resolving the Dirac Cone on the Surface of Bi2Te3 Topological Insulator Nanowires by Field-Effect Measurements
• Ambipolar transport in bulk crystals of a topological insulator by gating with ionic liquid
• The role of surface chemical reactivity in the stability of electronic nanodevices based on two-dimensional materials "beyond graphene" and topological insulators
• Thickness tunable quantum interference between surface phonon and Dirac plasmon states in thin-films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Gate Tunable Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 Thin Films
• Spin-polarized tunneling current through a thin film of topological insulator in a parallel magnetic field
• Effect of Electron-electron Interaction on Surface Transport in Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators
• Tunable inverse topological heterostructure utilizing $(B{i}_{1-x}I{n}_x{)}_{2}S{e}_3$
• Field-effect mobility enhanced by tuning the Fermi level into the band gap of Bi2Se3
• Dirac cone shift of a passivated topological Bi2Se3 interface state
• Ultrafast photocurrents in MoSe${}_2$ probed by terahertz spectroscopy
• Interaction and disorder effects in 3D topological insulator thin films
• Pressure-induced phase transition in Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ at 3 GPa: electronic topological transition or not?
• Colossal anisotropy in diluted magnetic topological insulators
• Quantum electrical transport properties of topological insulator Bi2Te3 nanowires
• Simultaneous electrical-field-effect modulation of both top and bottom Dirac surface states of epitaxial thin films of three-dimensional topological insulators
• Weak Antilocalization and Universal Conductance Fluctuations in Bismuth Telluro-Sulfide Topological Insulators
• Signatures of Majorana Fermions in Topological Insulator Josephson Junction Devices
• Large Bilinear Magnetoresistance from Rashba Spin-Splitting on the Surface of a Topological Insulator
• Giant plateau in the THz Faraday angle in gated Bi2Se3
• Dirac fermions at high-index surfaces of bismuth chalcogenide topological insulator nanostructures
• Strain-gradient induced topological transition in bent nanoribbons of the Dirac semimetal Cd3As2
• Imaging topologically protected transport with quantum degenerate gases
• Band tilt induced nonlinear Nernst effect in topological insulators: An efficient generation of high-performance spin polarization
• Bulk contribution to magnetotransport properties of low defect-density Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$ topological insulator thin films
• Substrate-Independent Catalyst-Free Synthesis of High-Purity Bi2Se3 Nanostructures
• Electron and Hole Injection via Charge Transfer at the Topological-Insulator $B{i}_{2-x}S{b}_{x}T{e}_{3-y}S{e}_y$/Organic-Molecule Interface
• Disordered topological metals
• Transport through a disordered topological-metal strip
• Electronic properties of one-dimensional nanostructures of the Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ topological insulator
• Magnetoresistance and gating effects in ultrathin NbN-$\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_2\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_3$ bilayers
• Versatile Large-Area Custom-Feature van der Waals Epitaxy of Topological Insulators
• Momentum relaxation effects in 2D-Xene field effect device structures
• Gate field effects on the topological insulator BiSbTeSe2 interface
• Unconventional Josephson junctions with topological Kondo insulator weak links
• From classical to quantum regime of topological surface states via defect engineering
• Electric and thermoelectric transport in graphene and helical metal in finite magnetic fields
• 2D compressibility of surface states on 3D topological insulators
• Synchrotron-radiation studies of topological insulators
• A thermodynamic measure of the Magneto-electric coupling in the 3D topological insulator
• An ab initio investigation of Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ topological insulator deposited on amorphous SiO${}_2$
• Preservation of Topological Surface States in Millimeter-Scale Transferred Membranes
• Tunable magnetic anisotropy from higher-harmonics exchange scattering on the surface of a topological insulator