Nonlinear optical probe of tunable surface electrons on a topological insulator

Abstract

We use ultrafast laser pulses to experimentally demonstrate that the second-order optical response of bulk single crystals of the topological insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ is sensitive to its surface electrons. By performing surface doping dependence measurements as a function of photon polarization and sample orientation we show that second harmonic generation can simultaneously probe both the surface crystalline structure and the surface charge of Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$. Furthermore, we find that second harmonic generation using circularly polarized photons reveals the time-reversal symmetry properties of the system and is surprisingly robust against surface charging, which makes it a promising tool for spectroscopic studies of topological surfaces and buried interfaces.

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Cited by in corpus (58)

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• Topological Floquet Spectrum in Three Dimensions via a Two-Photon Resonance
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• Ultrafast Spin-To-Charge Conversion at the Surface of Topological Insulator Thin Films
• Spatially resolved femtosecond pump-probe study of topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Ultrafast carrier dynamics in thin-films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3
• All-optical probe of three-dimensional topological insulators based on high-harmonic generation by circularly-polarized laser fields
• Direct measurement of proximity-induced magnetism at the interface between a topological insulator and a ferromagnet
• Enhancement of bulk photovoltaic effect in topological insulators
• Light induced sub-picosecond topological phase transition in MoTe2
• A structural distortion induced magneto-elastic locking in Sr${}_2$IrO${}_4$ revealed through nonlinear optical harmonic generation
• Giant spin-polarized current in a Dirac fermion system at cyclotron resonance
• Helical fluctuations in the Raman response of the topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Direct observation of band bending in topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Infrared/Terahertz Spectra of the Photogalvanic Effect in (Bi,Sb)Te based Three Dimensional Topological Insulators
• Coherent control of injection currents in high-quality films of Bi2Se3
• Observation of Chiral Surface Excitons in a Topological Insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Influence of tetragonal distortion on the topological electronic structure of the half-Heusler compound LaPtBi from first principles
• Nonlinear Optical Observation of Coherent Acoustic Dirac Plasmons in Thin-Film Topological Insulators
• Resonance-type thickness dependence of optical second harmonic generation in thin-films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Thickness tunable quantum interference between surface phonon and Dirac plasmon states in thin-films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Models of three-dimensional fractional topological insulators
• Gas Doping on the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 Surface
• Strain driven onset of non-trivial topological insulating states in Zintl Sr${}_{2}X$ compounds ($X$=Pb, Sn)
• Coherent control of optical injection of spin and currents in topological insulators
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• A Low Temperature Nonlinear Optical Rotational Anisotropy Spectrometer for the Determination of Crystallographic and Electronic Symmetries
• High-frequency nonlinear transport and photogalvanic effects in two-dimensional topological insulators
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• Electromagnetic spin polarization on the surface of topological insulator
• Reading charge transport from spin dynamics on the surface of topological insulator
• Calculation of divergent photon absorption in ultrathin films of a topological insulator
• Photocurrents in Bi2Se3: bulk versus surface, and injection versus shift currents
• Electrostatic effects and band-bending in doped topological insulators
• Prediction of topological insulating behavior in Hg2CuTi-type Heusler compounds from first principles
• Generalized Slater-Pauling rule for the inverse Heusler compounds
• Anomalous Second Harmonic Generation from Atomically Thin MnBi2Te4
• Band bending at the surface of Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ studied from first principles
• Abnormal Surface Nonlinear Optical Responses in Topological Materials
• BaSn${}_2$: A new, wide-gap, strong topological insulator
• Observation of terahertz second harmonic generation from Dirac surface states in the topological insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Fabrication and characterization of the gapless half-Heusler YPtSb thin films
• Multiphoton excitation and high-harmonics generation in topological insulator
• Carrier doping of Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ surface by chemical adsorption -- a DFT study
• A cascading nonlinear magneto-optical effect in topological insulators
• Spatial Control of Charge Doping in n-Type Topological Insulators
• Strong nonlinear optical response and transient symmetry switching in Type-II Weyl semimetal $\beta$-WP2
• A compact and stable incidence-plane-rotating second harmonics detector
• Anomalous temperature dependence of optical and acoustic phonons in Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ arising from stacking faults
• Band structure of Bi surfaces formed on Bi2Se3 upon exposure to air
• Visible and Terahertz Nonlinear Responses in the Topological Noble Metal Dichalcogenide PdTe2
• Research on topological materials using ultrafast spectroscopy
• Enhanced detection of circularly polarized photons with topological materials
• Ultrafast electronic and lattice dynamics in laser-excited crystalline bismuth