Origin of the Heaviest Elements: the Rapid Neutron-Capture Process

Abstract

The production of about half of the heavy elements found in nature is assigned to a specific astrophysical nucleosynthesis process: the rapid neutron capture process (r-process). Although this idea has been postulated more than six decades ago, the full understanding faces two types of uncertainties/open questions: (a) The nucleosynthesis path in the nuclear chart runs close to the neutron-drip line, where presently only limited experimental information is available, and one has to rely strongly on theoretical predictions for nuclear properties. (b) While for many years the occurrence of the r-process has been associated with supernovae, more recent studies have cast substantial doubts on this environment. Alternative scenarios include the mergers of neutron stars, neutron-star black hole mergers, but possibly also rare classes of supernovae as well as hypernovae/collapsars with polar jet ejecta and also accretion disk outflows related to the collapse of fast rotating massive stars with high magnetic fields. Stellar r-process abundance observations, have provided insights into, and constraints on the frequency of and conditions in the responsible stellar production sites. One of them, neutron star mergers, was just identified and related to the Gravitational Wave event GW170817. High resolution observations, increasingly more precise due to improved experimental atomic data, have been particularly important in defining the heavy element abundance patterns of the old halo stars, and thus determining the extent, and nature, of the earliest nucleosynthesis in our Galaxy. Combining new results and important breakthroughs in the related nuclear, atomic and astronomical fields of science, this review attempts to provide an answer to the question "How Were the Elements from Iron to Uranium Made?" (Abridged)

96 pages, 42 figures, 2 tables, author copy manuscript published in Reviews of Modern Physics

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• Impact of weak interactions of free nucleons on the r-process in dynamical ejecta from neutron-star mergers
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• An R-process enhanced star in the dwarf galaxy Tucana III
• How Gravitational-wave Observations Can Shape the Gamma-ray Burst Paradigm
• Radiative strength functions in 93-98Mo
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• Diversity of kilonova light curves
• HST Observations of Heavy Elements in Metal-Poor Galactic Halo Stars
• Coalescing neutron stars - a step towards physical models III. Improved numerics and different neutron star masses and spins
• Monte Carlo methods for the nuclear shell model
• Producing Magnetar Magnetic Fields in the Merger of Binary Neutron Stars
• Dynamics of shock propagation and nucleosynthesis conditions in O-Ne-Mg core supernovae
• R-Process in Collapsing O/Ne/Mg Cores
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• Anisotropic mass ejection from black hole-neutron star binaries: Diversity of electromagnetic counterparts
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• The End of Nucleosynthesis: Production of Lead and Thorium in the Early Galaxy
• Beta Decays of Isotones with Neutron Magic Number of N=126 and R-process Nucleosynthesis
• Radioactive nuclei from cosmochronology to habitability
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• On the maximum mass of neutron stars and GW190814
• Neutrino Capture and r-Process Nucleosynthesis
• PUSHing Core-Collapse Supernovae to Explosions in Spherical Symmetry III: Nucleosynthesis Yields
• Merger of black hole-neutron star binaries: nonspinning black hole case
• Fingerprints of heavy element nucleosynthesis in the late-time lightcurves of kilonovae
• i-process nucleosynthesis and mass retention efficiency in He-shell flash evolution of rapidly accreting white dwarfs
• Impact of a low-energy enhancement in the gamma-ray strength function on the radiative neutron-capture
• Spitzer Mid-Infrared Detections of Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Suggests Synthesis of the Heaviest Elements
• Enrichment of r-process elements in dwarf spheroidal galaxies in chemo-dynamical evolution model
• The Branchings of the Main s-process: Their Sensitivity to alpha-induced Reactions on 13C and 22Ne and to the Uncertainties of the Nuclear Network
• On the Progenitor of Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
• The Influence of Thermal Pressure on Equilibrium Models of Hypermassive Neutron Star Merger Remnants
• Mass ejection from disks surrounding a low-mass black hole: Viscous neutrino-radiation hydrodynamics simulation in full general relativity
• Neutrino-driven Explosions
• Neutron-Rich Freeze-Out in Viscously Spreading Accretion Disks Formed from Compact Object Mergers
• Neutrino-induced neutron spallation and supernova r-process nucleosynthesis
• Impact of nuclear mass uncertainties on the $r$-process
• Nucleosynthesis in Gamma Ray Burst Accretion Disks
• Neutron Star Mergers as the Origin of r-Process Elements in the Galactic Halo Based on the Sub-halo Clustering Scenario
• Chemical Abundances in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies Grus I and Triangulum II: Neutron-Capture Elements as a Defining Feature of the Faintest Dwarfs
• Magnetic energy production by turbulence in binary neutron star mergers
• Primordial Black Holes and $r$-Process Nucleosynthesis
• Axisymmetric Radiative Transfer Models of Kilonovae
• Time resolved 2 million year old supernova activity discovered in Earth's microfossil record
• Global description of beta-minus decay in even-even nuclei with the axially-deformed Skyrme finite amplitude method
• GT strengths and electron-capture rates for pf-shell nuclei of relevance for late stellar evolution
• H ingestion into He-burning convection zones in super-AGB stellar models as a potential site for intermediate neutron-density nucleosynthesis
• First stars XVI. STIS/HST abundances of heavy-elements in the uranium-rich star CS 31082-001
• GW170817$-$the first observed neutron star merger and its kilonova: implications for the astrophysical site of the r-process
• Half-lives and branchings for β-delayed neutron emission for neutron-rich Co-Cu isotopes in the r-process
• The Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES) XI. The highly $r$-process-enhanced star CS 29497-004
• Global Description of Beta Decay with the Axially-Deformed Skyrme Finite Amplitude Method: Extension to Odd-Mass and Odd-Odd Nuclei
• Neutrino oscillations above black hole accretion disks: disks with electron-flavor emission
• Fission properties for r-process nuclei
• Silicon Burning II: Quasi-Equilibrium and Explosive Burning
• The impact of individual nuclear masses on $r$-process abundances
• Fission properties of superheavy nuclei for r-process calculations
• A full general relativistic neutrino radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of a collapsing very massive star and the formation of a black hole
• Modeling Supernova-like Explosions Associated with Gamma-ray Bursts with Short Durations
• Kilonova/Macronova Emission from Compact Binary Mergers
• Low-lying dipole response in the Relativistic Quasiparticle Time Blocking Approximation and its influence on neutron capture cross sections
• The Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES) IV. Detailed abundance analysis and age dating of the strongly r-process enhanced stars CS 29491-069 and HE 1219-0312
• Effects of neutrino oscillations on nucleosynthesis and neutrino signals for an 18 M supernova model
• Structure of Stable Binary Neutron Star Merger Remnants: a Case Study
• Follow-up of the Neutron Star Bearing Gravitational Wave Candidate Events S190425z and S190426c with MMT and SOAR
• Mergers of Magnetized Neutron Stars with Spinning Black Holes: Disruption, Accretion and Fallback
• Spin projection in the shell model Monte Carlo method and the spin distribution of nuclear level densities
• Confronting gravitational-wave observations with modern nuclear physics constraints
• Particle-Number Reprojection in the Shell Model Monte Carlo Method: Application to Nuclear Level Densities
• Californium-254 and kilonova light curves
• Relative contributions of the weak, main and fission-recycling r-process
• Radioactive heating rate of r-process elements and macronova light curve
• The Diverse Origins of Neutron-Capture Elements in the Metal-Poor Star HD 94028: Possible Detection of Products of i-process Nucleosynthesis
• Microscopic modeling of mass and charge distributions in the spontaneous fission of 240Pu
• Advanced LIGO Constraints on Neutron Star Mergers and R-Process Sites
• Exploring tidal effects of coalescing binary neutron stars in numerical relativity
• Nucleosynthesis in Outflows from the Inner Regions of Collapsars
• The effects of r-process heating on fall-back accretion in compact object mergers
• Numerical Study on GRB-Jet Formation in Collapsars
• The Diversity of Kilonova Emission in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Supernova Bounds on Resonant Active-Sterile Neutrino Conversions
• Using excitation-energy dependent fission yields to identify key fissioning nuclei in r-process nucleosynthesis
• The R-process Alliance: First Magellan/MIKE Release from the Southern Search for R-Process-enhanced Stars
• PUSHing Core-Collapse Supernovae to Explosions in Spherical Symmetry II: Explodability and Global Properties
• $r$-Process Nucleosynthesis from Three-dimensional Jet-driven Core-Collapse Supernovae with Magnetic Misalignments
• $\beta$-delayed fission in $r$-process nucleosynthesis
• Have Superheavy Elements been Produced in Nature?
• The R-Process Alliance: 2MASS J09544277+5246414, the Most Actinide-Enhanced R-II Star Known
• Dynamic versus static fission paths with realistic interactions
• Spontaneous fission lifetimes from the minimization of self-consistent collective action
• Kinematics of Highly R-Process-Enhanced Field Stars: Evidence for an Accretion Origin and Detection of Several Groups from Disrupted Satellites
• The r-process in the neutrino-driven wind from a black-hole torus
• Multi-D Simulations of Ultra-Stripped Supernovae to Shock Breakout
• The light curve of SN 1987A revisited: constraining production masses of radioactive nuclides
• Equation of State Dependent Dynamics and Multimessenger Signals from Stellar-mass Black Hole Formation
• The Gravitational waves merger time distribution of binary neutron star systems
• Parity Dependence of Nuclear Level Densities
• Electron-capture supernovae exploding within their progenitor wind
• Actinide Production in Neutron-Rich Ejecta of a Neutron Star Merger
• The Influence of Neutrinos on r-Process Nucleosynthesis in the Ejecta of Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers
• Neutron star mergers and rare core-collapse supernovae as sources of r-process enrichment in simulated galaxies
• A luminosity distribution for kilonovae based on short gamma-ray burst afterglows
• The Fate of the Compact Remnant in Neutron Star Mergers
• Actinides: How well do we know their stellar production?
• r-Process in Prompt Supernova Explosions Revisited
• Nucleosynthesis in Magnetically Driven Jets from Collapsars
• The Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES) X. HE 2252-4225, one more r-process enhanced and actinide-boost halo star
• A New Code for Proto-Neutron Star Evolution
• Are There Any Stars Lacking Neutron-Capture Elements? Evidence from Strontium and Barium
• Improved Leakage-Equilibration-Absorption Scheme (ILEAS) for Neutrino Physics in Compact Object Mergers
• Large low-energy $M1$ strength for ${}^{56,57}$Fe within the nuclear shell model
• Neutrino transport in black hole-neutron star binaries: neutrino emission and dynamical mass ejection
• r-process Production Sites as inferred from Eu Abundances in Dwarf Galaxies
• Precision Mass Measurements of 129-131Cd and Their Impact on Stellar Nucleosynthesis via the Rapid Neutron Capture Process
• Formation of black hole and accretion disk in a massive high-entropy stellar core collapse
• Matter Neutrino Resonance Transitions above a Neutron Star Merger Remnant
• Dependence of direct neutron capture on nuclear-structure models
• Viscous-Dynamical Ejecta from Binary Neutron Star Merger
• Astrophysical weak-interaction rates for selected $A=20$ and $A=24$ nuclei
• Charged current neutrino interactions in hot and dense matter
• The Chemical Composition of Two Supergiants in the Dwarf Irregular Galaxy WLM
• Impact of active-sterile neutrino mixing on supernova explosion and nucleosynthesis
• A new delay time distribution for merging neutron stars tested against Galactic and cosmic data
• Thermonuclear Kinetics in Astrophysics
• RAVE J203843.2-002333: The first highly r-process-enhanced star identified in the RAVE survey
• Enrichment history of r-process elements shaped by a merger of neutron star pairs
• Calculation of beta-decay rates in a relativistic model with momentum-dependent self-energies
• Local simulations of the magnetized Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in neutron-star mergers
• Novel Techniques for Constraining Neutron-Capture Rates Relevant for r-Process Heavy-Element Nucleosynthesis
• The chemical evolution of galaxies within the IGIMF theory: the [alpha/Fe] ratios and downsizing
• Cold r-Process in Neutrino-Driven Winds
• Primary fission fragment mass yields across the chart of nuclides
• New Abundance Determinations of Cadmium, Lutetium, and Osmium in the r-process Enriched Star BD+173248
• Supernova neutrinos and nucleosynthesis
• Radioactive Heating and Late Time Kilonova Light Curves
• A Detailed Comparison of Multi-Dimensional Boltzmann Neutrino Transport Methods in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Measurements of neutron-induced reactions in inverse kinematics
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• Core-collapse Supernova Explosions Driven by the Hadron-quark Phase Transition as a Rare $r$-process Site
• Beta-decay of nuclei around Se-90. Search for signatures of a N=56 sub-shell closure relevant the r-process
• Nuclear Structure Studies at ISOLDE and their Impact on the Astrophysical r-Process
• Symmetric and Standard Matter-Neutrino Resonances Above Merging Compact Objects
• Heavy element nucleosynthesis in a collapsar
• Physical conditions for the r-process I. radioactive energy sources of kilonovae
• The Influence of Quark Matter at High Densities on Binary Neutron Star Mergers
• Self-induced flavor instabilities of a dense neutrino stream in a two-dimensional model
• First measurement of several $\beta$-delayed neutron emitting isotopes beyond N=126
• Nucleosynthesis in magneto-rotational supernovae
• A New Approach to Determine the Initial Mass Function in the Solar Neighborhood
• From actinides to zinc: Using the full abundance pattern of the brightest star in Reticulum II to distinguish between different r-process sites
• On the possibility of GW190425 being a black hole--neutron star binary merger
• A Long, Cold, Early r-process? Neutrino-induced Nucleosynthesis in He Shells Revisited
• Coalescing neutron stars -- a step towards physical models. II. Neutrino emission, neutron tori, and gamma-ray bursts
• Low-energy limit of the radiative dipole strength in nuclei
• Constraining the Outflow Structure of the Binary Neutron Star Merger Event GW170817 with Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Analysis
• Elastic alpha scattering experiments and the alpha-nucleus optical potential at low energies
• Role of core-collapse supernovae in explaining Solar System abundances of p nuclides
• Evolution of Stars and Gas in Galaxies
• Galactic Simulations of r-process Elemental Abundances
• Semi-analytic derivation of the threshold mass for prompt collapse in binary neutron star mergers
• Evaluating radiation transport errors in merger simulations using a Monte-Carlo algorithm
• Large-scale prediction of the parity distribution in the nuclear level density and application to astrophysical reaction rates
• Precision mass measurements on neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes at JYFLTRAP - reduced neutron pairing and implications for the $r$-process calculations
• Neutrino signal from proto-neutron star evolution: Effects of opacities from charged-current-neutrino interactions and inverse neutron decay
• The common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN) r-process scenario
• Cosmic Neutron Star Merger Rate and Gravitational Waves constrained by the R Process Nucleosynthesis
• Galactic Chemical Evolution: the Impact of the 13C-pocket Structure on the s-process Distribution
• PUSHing core-collapse supernovae to explosions in spherical symmetry IV: Explodability, remnant properties and nucleosynthesis yields of low metallicity stars
• Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of A Rotating Massive Star Collapsing to A Black Hole
• New Detections of Arsenic, Selenium, and Other Heavy Elements in Two Metal-Poor Stars
• Nuclear level densities and gamma-ray strength functions in 44,45Sc
• Nucleon localization and fragment formation in nuclear fission
• The lanthanide fraction distribution in metal-poor stars: a test of neutron star mergers as the dominant r-process site
• Discovery of an Exceptionally Strong $\beta$-Decay Transition of ${}^{20}$F and Implications for the Fate of Intermediate-Mass Stars
• Three dimensional evolution of differentially rotating magnetized neutron stars
• Estimating the nuclear level density with the Monte Carlo shell model
• Neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis and the site of the r-process
• Neutrino Flavor Evolution in Binary Neutron Star Merger Remnants
• Chemical Abundance Analysis of Tucana III, the Second $r$-process Enhanced Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy
• Estimation of M1 scissors mode strength for deformed nuclei in the medium to heavy mass region by statistical Hauser-Feshbach model calculations
• The impact of non-dipolar magnetic fields in core-collapse supernovae
• Compact Stellar Binary Assembly in the First Nuclear Star Clusters and r-Process Synthesis in the Early Universe
• Effects of Galactic fountains and delayed mixing in the chemical evolution of the Milky Way
• Contribution of Neutron Star Mergers to the R-process Chemical Evolution in the Hierarchical Galaxy Formation
• Neutrino pair annihilation above merger remnants: implications of a long-lived massive neutron star
• Detection of the Second r-process Peak Element Tellurium in Metal-Poor Stars
• Impact of neutrino flavor oscillations on the neutrino-driven wind nucleosynthesis of an electron-capture supernova
• Merging neutron stars: asymmetric systems
• Updated Parameter Estimates for GW190425 Using Astrophysical Arguments and Implications for the Electromagnetic Counterpart
• Actinide-rich and Actinide-poor $r$-Process Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars do not Require Separate $r$-Process Progenitors
• Uncertainties in the production of p nuclides in thermonuclear supernovae determined by Monte Carlo variations
• Beta decay of deformed r-process nuclei near A = 80 and A= 160, including odd-A and odd-odd nuclei, with the Skyrme finite-amplitude method
• Dynamical ejecta and nucleosynthetic yields from eccentric binary neutron-star mergers
• Spectral classification of gravitational-wave emission and equation of state constraints in binary neutron star mergers
• Prospects for obtaining an r-process from Gamma Ray Burst Disk Winds
• Imprints of r-process heating on fall-back accretion: distinguishing black hole-neutron star from double neutron star mergers
• Microcanonical entropies and radiative strength functions of ${}^{50,51}$V
• r-process enrichment of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies by fast merging double neutron stars
• Nucleosynthesis-relevant conditions in neutrino-driven supernova outflows. II. The reverse shock in two-dimensional simulations
• Nucleosynthesis in 2D Core-Collapse Supernovae of 11.2 and 17.0 M${}_{\odot }$ Progenitors: Implications for Mo and Ru Production
• The final fate of stars that ignite neon and oxygen off-center: electron capture or iron core-collapse supernova?
• Evidence for $\gtrsim 4$ Gyr timescales of neutron star mergers from Galactic archaeology
• Kilonova Emission From Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers. I. Viewing-Angle-Dependent Lightcurves
• Long-Term Evolution of Slowly Rotating Collapsar in Special Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics
• Gamma-rays from kilonova: a potential probe of r-process nucleosynthesis
• Optical tomography of chemical elements synthesized in Type Ia supernovae
• Metal Mixing and Ejection in Dwarf Galaxies is Dependent on Nucleosynthetic Source
• Core collapse with magnetic fields and rotation
• A high-entropy wind r-process study based on nuclear-structure quantities from the new finite-range droplet model FRDM(2012)
• Co-production of light and heavy $r$-process elements via fission deposition
• Fission and the r-process nucleosynthesis of translead nuclei in neutron star mergers
• Toward global beyond-mean-field calculations of nuclear masses and low-energy spectra
• Successful prediction of total $\alpha$-induced reaction cross sections at astrophysically relevant sub-Coulomb energies using a novel approach
• Probing the production of actinides under different r-process conditions
• Determining neutron-capture cross sections via the surrogate reaction technique
• The Chemical Evolution of the Galaxy with Variable IMFs
• Hyper-accreting black holes
• Evidence for Sub-Chandrasekhar Mass Type Ia Supernovae from an Extensive Survey of Radiative Transfer Models
• Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Observations of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
• The Origin of r-process Enhanced Metal-Poor Halo Stars In Now-Destroyed Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies
• P-Process Nucleosynthesis inside Supernova-Driven Supercritical Accretion Disks
• Supernovae as the Site of the r-Process: Implications for Gamma-Ray Astronomy
• Core-collapse supernovae in the hall of mirrors. A three-dimensional code-comparison project
• The role of weak interactions in dynamic ejecta from binary neutron star mergers
• The chemical evolution of r-process elements from neutron star mergers: the role of a 2-phase interstellar medium
• Double neutron star mergers from hierarchical triple-star systems
• Stochastic Chemical Evolution of Galactic Subhalos and the Origin of r-Process Elements
• Nucleosynthesis inside Gamma-Ray Burst Accretion Disks
• Analytic heating rate of neutron star merger ejecta derived from Fermi's theory of beta decay
• The neutron long counter NERO for studies of beta-delayed neutron emission in the r-process
• Extended calculations of energy levels and transition rates for singly ionized lanthanide elements I: Pr - Gd
• The $\nu$-process with fully time-dependent supernova neutrino emission spectra
• Reverse engineering nuclear properties from rare earth abundances in the $r$ process
• Late time kilonova light curves and implications to GW 170817
• Early chemo-dynamical evolution of dwarf galaxies deduced from enrichment of r-process elements
• An inefficient dwarf: Chemical abundances and the evolution of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy
• ABLA07 - towards a complete description of the decay channels of a nuclear system from spontaneous fission to multifragmentation
• Welcome to the Multi-Messenger Era! Lessons from a Neutron Star Merger and the Landscape Ahead
• A spallation-based neutron target for direct studies of neutron-induced reactions in inverse kinematics
• On the Origin of the Early Solar System Radioactivities. Problems with the AGB and Massive Star Scenarios
• The delayed time distribution of massive double compact star mergers
• Charged-current reactions in the supernova neutrino-sphere
• Explosive Nucleosynthesis in Magnetohydrodynamical Jets from Collapsars II. Heavy-Element Nucleosynthesis of s, r, p-Processes
• The Impact of Different Neutrino Transport Methods on Multidimensional Core-collapse Supernova Simulations
• Stochastic Chemical Evolution of Radioactive Isotopes with a Monte Carlo Approach
• Neutron star binary orbits in their host potential: effect on early r-process enrichment
• Using failed supernovae to constrain the Galactic r-process element production
• Charged current neutrino interactions in core-collapse supernovae in a virial expansion
• Supernova remnants with magnetars: clues to magnetar formation
• An Approximation for the rp-Process
• Finding the remnants of the Milky Way's last neutron star mergers
• Magnetorotational instability in neutron star mergers: impact of neutrinos
• Impact of new data for neutron-rich heavy nuclei on theoretical models for $r$-process nucleosynthesis
• Solar r-process-constrained actinide production in neutrino-driven winds of supernovae
• Filling the Mass Gap: How Kilonova Observations can Unveil the Nature of the Compact Object Merging with the Neutron Star
• Nucleosynthesis of elements in gamma ray bursts engines
• R-process enrichment in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies
• High precision ${}^{89}$Y($\alpha$,$\alpha$)${}^{89}$Y scattering at low energies
• The r-Process in Metal Poor Stars and Black Hole Formation
• Constraining Collapsar r-Process Models through Stellar Abundances
• The r-process nucleosynthesis in the outflows from short GRB accretion disks
• Modelling the chemical evolution of Zr, La, Ce and Eu in the Galactic discs and bulge
• First Exploration of Neutron Shell Structure Below Lead and Beyond $\mathbf{N}=126$
• Spatially resolved X-ray study of supernova remnants that host magnetars: Implication of their fossil field origin
• Turbulent mixing of r-process elements in the Milky Way
• Coalescing Neutron Stars -- a Step Towards Physical Models. I. Hydrodynamic Evolution and Gravitational-Wave Emission
• Matter-neutrino resonance in a multi-angle neutrino bulb model
• Microphysics in the gamma ray burst central engine
• Diversity of Abundance Patterns of Light Neutron-capture Elements in Very-metal-poor Stars
• Challenge on the Astrophysical R-process Calculation with Nuclear Mass Models
• Black hole-neutron star mergers using a survey of finite-temperature equations of state
• Electron fraction constraints based on Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium with beta equilibrium
• Measurement of the $2^{+}\to 0^{+}$ ground-state transition in the $\beta$ decay of ${}^{20}$F
• Astrophysical relevance of $\gamma$ transition energies
• Transport and mixing of r-process elements in neutron star binary merger blast waves
• Efficient method for estimation of fission fragment yields of r-process nuclei
• The Origin of the Heaviest Metals in Most Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies
• Massive Stars and their Supernovae
• A line-smeared treatment of opacities for the spectra and light curves from macronovae
• Statistical model analysis of $\alpha$-induced reaction cross sections of ${}^{64}$Zn at low energies
• Mass Measurements of Neutron-Rich Gallium Isotopes Refine Production of Nuclei of the First r-Process Abundance Peak in Neutron Star Merger Calculations
• Neutron-capture elements in dwarf galaxies I: Chemical clocks & the short timescale of the r-process
• Breaking the symmetries in self-induced flavor conversions of neutrino beams from a ring
• Enrichment of the Galactic disc with neutron capture elements: Sr
• Production of Nickel-56 in black hole-neutron star merger accretion disk outflows
• $r$-process nucleosynthesis in the early Universe through fast mergers of compact binaries in triple systems
• The Multi-Dimensional Character of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Exploring Simulated Early Star Formation in the Context of the Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
• Complete inclusion of parity-dependent level densities in the statistical description of astrophysical reaction rates
• Free Neutron Ejection From Shock Breakout in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
• Gamma-Ray Bursts Black hole accretion disks as a site for the vp-process
• Probing r-Process Production of Nuclei Beyond Bi209 with Gamma Rays
• Enrichment of the Galactic disc with neutron-capture elements: Mo and Ru
• Accuracy of spectroscopy-based radioactive dating of stars
• Benchmark of the GEF model for fission-fragment yields over an enlarged range
• A chemical signature from fast-rotating low-metallicity massive stars: ROA 276 in omega Centauri
• s-process Enirchment of Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
• $\beta$ and $\beta$-delayed neutron decay of the $N=82$ nucleus ${}_{49}^{131}$In${}_{82}$
• Accretion in a dynamical spacetime and spinning up of the black hole in the gamma ray burst central engine
• Disk formation in the collapse of supramassive neutron stars
• Line Expansion Opacity in Relativistically Expanding Media
• X-ray Decay Lines from Heavy Nuclei in Supernova Remnants as a Probe of the r-Process Origin and the Birth Periods of Magnetars
• Neutrino-Induced Nucleosynthesis in Helium Shells of Early Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Suppression of Excited-State Contributions to Stellar Reaction Rates
• Diverse, massive-star-associated sources for elements heavier than Fe and the roles of neutrinos
• Measurements of r-process nuclei
• Contribution of type Ia supernovae to the chemical enrichment of the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Bootes I
• Black Hole-Neutron Star Binary Merger Calculations: GRB Progenitors and the Stability of Mass Transfer
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Cited by in corpus (260)

• Streams, substructures and the early history of the Milky Way
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• Fast neutrino flavor conversion, ejecta properties, and nucleosynthesis in newly-formed hypermassive remnants of neutron-star mergers
• Axisymmetric Radiative Transfer Models of Kilonovae
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
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• Towards grounding nuclear physics in QCD
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• Magnetorotational supernovae: A nucleosynthetic analysis of sophisticated 3D models
• Signatures of r-process elements in kilonova spectra
• End-to-end kilonova models of neutron-star mergers with delayed black-hole formation
• Core-collapse Supernova Explosions Driven by the Hadron-quark Phase Transition as a Rare $r$-process Site
• The s Process and Beyond
• Collective Neutrino Flavor Instability Requires a Crossing
• Evidence from Disrupted Halo Dwarfs that $r$-process Enrichment via Neutron Star Mergers is Delayed by $\gtrsim 500$ Myrs
• Binary neutron star merger simulations with neutrino transport and turbulent viscosity: impact of different schemes and grid resolution
• Nucleosynthesis in magneto-rotational supernovae
• Nuclear masses learned from a probabilistic neural network
• The Fast Flavor Instability in Hypermassive Neutron Star Disk Outflows
• Electron capture in stars
• Multi-task learning on nuclear masses and separation energies with the kernel ridge regression
• A low-mass binary neutron star: long-term ejecta evolution and kilonovae with weak blue emission
• Binary Stars in the New Millennium
• Constraints on the presence of platinum and gold in the spectra of the kilonova AT2017gfo
• GRMHD simulations of neutron-star mergers with weak interactions: r-process nucleosynthesis and electromagnetic signatures of dynamical ejecta
• Can Neutron-Star Mergers Explain the r-process Enrichment in Globular Clusters?
• Horizons: Nuclear Astrophysics in the 2020s and Beyond
• Nucleosynthesis and observation of the heaviest elements
• Neutrinos and nucleosynthesis of elements
• Origin of neutron capture elements with the Gaia-ESO survey: the evolution of s- and r-process elements across the Milky Way
• Neutrino emission from binary neutron star mergers: characterizing light curves and mean energies
• Nuclear shell-model simulation in digital quantum computers
• Study of angular momentum effects in fission
• Expanding Nuclear Physics Horizons with the Gamma Factory
• R-process viable outflows are suppressed in global alpha-viscosity models of collapsar disks
• Element abundance patterns in stars indicate fission of nuclei heavier than uranium
• Dynamical ejecta of neutron star mergers with nucleonic weak processes II: Kilonova emission
• Abundances of neutron-capture elements in thin- and thick-disc stars in the solar neighbourhood
• "Super-Kilonovae" from Massive Collapsars as Signatures of Black-Hole Birth in the Pair-instability Mass Gap
• Radiation hydrodynamics modeling of kilonovae with SNEC
• Following nuclei through nucleosynthesis: a novel tracing technique
• First application of mass measurement with the Rare-RI Ring reveals the solar r-process abundance trend at A=122 and A=123
• Improved phenomenological nuclear charge radius formulae with kernel ridge regression
• Signatures of R-process Enrichment in Supernovae from Collapsars
• Neutron star mergers as the astrophysical site of the r-process in the Milky Way and its satellite galaxies
• Sensitivity study of \emph{r}-process abundances to nuclear masses
• $B\rho$-defined Isochronous Mass Spectrometry and Mass Measurements of ${}^{58}$Ni Fragments
• Simultaneous Constraints on the Star Formation History and Nucleosynthesis of Sculptor dSph
• Simulating excited states of the Lipkin model on a quantum computer
• Evolution of neutron capture elements in dwarf galaxies
• Constraining nucleosynthesis in neutrino-driven winds: observations, simulations and nuclear physics
• Opacities of Singly and Doubly Ionised Neodymium and Uranium for Kilonova Emission Modeling
• The R-Process Alliance: Abundance Universality among Some Elements at and between the First and Second R-Process Peaks
• Neutrino Decoupling Is Altered by Flavor Conversion
• The $\gamma$-process nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae. I. A novel analysis of $\gamma$-process yields in massive stars
• Spectroscopic r-Process Abundance Retrieval for Kilonovae I: The Inferred Abundance Pattern of Early Emission from GW170817
• Cosmic nucleosynthesis: a multi-messenger challenge
• Heavy elements in barium stars
• Origin of highly $r$-process-enhanced stars in a cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy
• Correlations of r-Process Elements in Very Metal-Poor Stars as Clues to their Nucleosynthesis Sites
• r-Process Radioisotopes from Near-Earth Supernovae and Kilonovae
• A global numerical model of the prompt emission in short gamma-ray bursts
• Gamma-Ray Flashes from Dark Photons in Neutron Star Mergers
• $r$-process nucleosynthesis from compact binary mergers
• Impact of systematic nuclear uncertainties on composition and decay heat of dynamical and disk ejecta in compact binary mergers
• The R-Process Alliance: Chemo-Dynamically Tagged Groups II. An Extended Sample of Halo $r$-Process-Enhanced Stars
• Impact of pions on binary neutron star mergers
• $r$-process Nucleosynthesis and Kilonovae from Hypermassive Neutron Star Remnants
• Electromagnetic counterparts of binary neutron star mergers leading to a strongly magnetized long-lived remnant neutron star
• The impact of natal kicks on galactic r-process enrichment by neutron star mergers
• Cepheid Metallicity in the Leavitt Law (C- MetaLL) survey: II.High-resolution spectroscopy of the most metal poor Galactic Cepheids
• The Status and Future of Direct Nuclear Reaction Measurements for Stellar Burning
• Gamma-Ray Emission Produced by $r$-process Elements from Neutron Star Mergers
• Galactic chemical evolution of exoplanet host stars: Are high-mass planetary systems young?
• QCD phase transition drives supernova explosion of a very massive star
• The R-Process Alliance: Fifth Data Release from the Search for R-Process-Enhanced Metal-poor Stars in the Galactic Halo with the GTC
• Long-Term Simulations of Dynamical Ejecta: Homologous Expansion and Kilonova Properties
• Neutron Star Mergers as the Main Source of R-process: Natal Kicks And Inside-Out Evolution to The Rescue
• Possibilities and Limitations of Kinematically Identifying Stars from Accreted Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies
• Gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae from the accretion-induced collapse of white dwarfs
• Modelling Populations of Kilonovae
• The GALAH survey: Tracing the Milky Way's formation and evolution through RR Lyrae stars
• Theoretical description of fission yields: towards a fast and efficient global model
• Origin of metals in old Milky Way halo stars based on GALAH and Gaia
• Stepping into the Sea of Instability: The New Sub-us Superheavy Nucleus 252Rf
• Extending the Chemical Reach of the H3 Survey: Detailed Abundances of the Dwarf-galaxy Stellar Stream Wukong/LMS-1
• Study of (${}^6$Li, $d$) and (${}^6$Li, $t$) reactions on ${}^{22}$Ne and implications for $s$-process nucleosynthesis
• 3D NLTE modelling of Y and Eu. Centre-to-limb variation and solar abundances
• Magnetically-Driven Neutron-Rich Ejecta Unleashed: Global 3D Neutrino-General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Collapsars Probe the Conditions for r-process Nucleosynthesis
• Core-collapse supernova simulations with reduced nucleosynthesis networks
• Anisotropic multimessenger signals from black hole neutrino-dominated accretion flows with outflows in binary compact object mergers
• The formation of the Milky Way halo and its dwarf satellites: A NLTE-1D abundance analysis. V. The Sextans galaxy
• Nucleosynthesis in outflows of compact objects and detection prospects of associated kilonovae
• A Monte-Carlo based relativistic radiation hydrodynamics code with a higher-order scheme
• Neural Network Emulation of Spontaneous Fission
• The metal-poor end of the Spite plateau. II. Detailed chemical investigation
• The Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) VII: a discovery of the first inner Galaxy CEMP-r/s star
• Binary neutron star mergers as the source of the highest energy cosmic rays
• Production of $p$-nuclei from $r$-process seeds: the $\nu r$-process
• Iron-Peak Element Abundances in Warm Very Metal-Poor Stars
• s-process Enirchment of Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
• The Gaia-ESO survey: placing constraints on the origin of r-process elements
• Search for Extremely Metal-Poor Stars with GEMINI-N/GRACES I. Chemical-Abundance Analysis
• Simulating neutron star mergers with the Lagrangian Numerical Relativity code SPHINCS_BSSN
• Microscopic optical potential from the relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory: Proton-nucleus scattering
• Reanalysis of neutron-capture elements in the benchmark r-rich star CS 31082-001
• Geometric and thermodynamic characterization of binary neutron star accretion discs
• Probing binary neutron star mergers in dense environments using afterglow counterparts
• High-precision nuclear chronometer for the cosmos
• Observational constraints on the origin of the elements. VI. Origin and evolution of neutron-capture elements as probed by the Gaia-ESO survey
• Entanglement in multinucleon transfer reactions
• Improved Atomic Transition Probabilities for UV and Optical Lines of Hf II and Determination of the Hf Abundance in Two Metal-Poor Stars
• Actinide-boosting r Process in Black Hole-Neutron Star Merger Ejecta
• Actinide signatures in low electron fraction kilonova ejecta
• The impact of turbulent mixing on the galactic r-process enrichment by binary neutron star mergers
• Impact of nuclear matter properties on the nucleosynthesis and the kilonova from binary neutron star merger ejecta
• Parameterisations of thermal bomb explosions for core-collapse supernovae and 56Ni production
• Nuclear level density from relativistic density functional theory and combinatorial method
• Cautionary tales on heating-rate prescriptions in kilonovae
• The Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) IX. The largest detailed chemical analysis of very metal-poor stars in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
• Non-iterative finite amplitude methods for E1 and M1 giant resonances
• Controlling extrapolations of nuclear properties with feature selection
• Inhomogeneity in the early Galactic chemical enrichment exposed by beryllium abundances in extremely metal-poor stars
• Isochronic evolution and the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei
• Metal-Poor Stars Observed with the Southern African Large Telescope II. An Extended Sample
• Isochronous mass spectrometry at the RIKEN Rare-RI Ring facility
• Chemical Evolution of R-process Elements in Stars (CERES). III. Chemical abundances of neutron capture elements from Ba to Eu
• r-Process enrichment in the Galactic halo characterized by nucleosynthesis variation in the ejecta of coalescing neutron star binaries
• Cross section measurement of the 144Sm(alpha,n)147Gd reaction for studying the alpha-nucleus optical potential at astrophysical energies
• Competition between allowed and first-forbidden $\beta$ decay in $r$-process waiting-point nuclei within a relativistic beyond-mean-field approach
• The thermalization of $\gamma$-rays in radioactive expanding ejecta: A simple model and its application for Kilonovae and Ia SNe
• Element formation in radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of kilonovae
• Inference of multi-channel r-process element enrichment in the Milky Way using binary neutron star merger observations
• Complete set of bound negative-parity states in the neutron-rich 18N nucleus
• Cross Section Measurement of the ${}^{82}$Kr(p,$\gamma$)${}^{83}$Rb Reaction in Inverse Kinematics
• Correlations between nuclear landscape boundaries and neutron-rich r-process abundances
• Constraints on the frequency and mass content of r-process events derived from turbulent mixing in galactic disks
• Anchor-based optimization of energy density functionals
• New experimental constraint on the ${}^{185}$W($n,\gamma$)${}^{186}$W cross section
• Proposed Lunar Measurements of $r$-Process Radioisotopes to Distinguish Origin of Deep-sea 244Pu
• Measurement of the 91Zr(p,gamma)92mNb cross section motivated by type Ia supernova nucleosynthesis
• Europium, we have a problem. Modelling r-process enrichment across Local Group galaxies
• A Nuclear Equation of State Inferred from Stellar r-process Abundances
• XKN: a Semi-analytic Framework for the Modelling of Kilonovae
• Enrichment of the Galactic disc with neutron-capture elements: Gd, Dy, and Th
• Towards accurate nuclear mass tables in covariant density functional theory
• High-resolution spectroscopic analysis of four new chemically peculiar stars
• RR Lyrae stars as probes of the outer Galactic halo: Chemical and kinematic analysis of a pilot sample
• Kilonova ejecta opacity inferred from new large-scale HFR atomic calculations in all elements between Ca (Z = 20) and Lr (Z = 103)
• Progress in Nuclear Astrophysics of East and Southeast Asia
• R-process beta-decay neutrino flux from binary neutron star mergers and collapsars
• Alpha decay of thermally excited nuclei
• The impact of hyperons on neutron star mergers: gravitational waves, mass ejection and black hole formation
• Photospheric velocity evolution of SN 2020bvc: signature of $r$-process nucleosynthesis from a collapsar
• Correlation between U/Th and Pb/Os abundance ratios and its application in nuclear cosmochronology
• Primordial black-hole formation and heavy r-process element synthesis from the cosmological QCD transition. Two aspects of an inhomogeneous early Universe
• NLTE abundances of Eu for a sample of metal-poor stars in the Galactic Halo and Metal-poor Disk with 1D and <3D> models
• Probing the N=104 midshell region for the r process via precision mass spectrometry of neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes with the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap
• Discovery of a pair of very metal-poor stars enriched in neutron-capture elements: The proto-disk r-II star BPS CS 29529-0089 and the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus r-I star TYC 9219-2422-1
• Prominent bump in the two-neutron separation energies of neutron-rich lanthanum isotopes revealed by high-precision mass spectrometry
• Studying stellar populations in Omega Centauri with phylogenetics
• A Quantum Annealing Protocol to Solve the Nuclear Shell Model
• Effects of vertical advection on multimessenger signatures of black hole neutrino-dominated accretion flows in compact binary coalescences
• Supernova Preshock Neutronization Burst as a Probe of Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions
• Did a Kilonova Set Off in Our Galactic Backyard 3.5 Myr ago?
• Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG: NLTE atmospheric parameters and abundances of giant stars in 33 Open Clusters
• Internal r-process abundance spread of M15 and a single stellar population model
• MINCE III. Detailed chemical analysis of the UVES sample
• Constraints on $R$-process Nucleosynthesis from ${}^{129}$I and ${}^{247}$Cm in the Early Solar System
• Representation of s-process abundances for comparison to data from bulk meteorites
• 2D End-to-End Modeling of Kilonovae from Binary Neutron Star Merger Remnants
• Neutron-Capture Element Signatures in Globular Clusters: Insights from the Gaia-ESO Survey
• Spectrum and energy levels of the high-lying singly excited configurations of Nd III
• A Vision for the Science of Rare Isotopes
• Postfission properties of uranium isotopes: A hybrid method with Langevin dynamics and the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model
• Continuum random-phase approximation for (n,γ) reactions on neutron-rich nuclei: collective effects and resonances
• The impact of mass uncertainties on the r-process nucleosynthesis in neutron star mergers
• The Abundance of Lead in Four Metal-Poor Stars
• Rubidium abundances in solar metallicity stars
• Ultraheavy Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays
• Rare Find: Discovery and chemo-dynamical properties of two s-process enhanced RR Lyrae stars
• R-process Nucleosynthesis of Subminimal Neutron Star Explosions
• Impact of nuclear mass models on $r$-process nucleosynthesis and heavy element abundances in $r$-process enhanced metal-poor stars
• The sounds of science a symphony for many instruments and voices part II
• The neutron-capture and alpha-elements abundance ratios scatter in old stellar populations. Cosmological simulations of the stellar halo
• The Chemodynamical Nature of the Triangulum-Andromeda Overdensity
• Origin of Plutonium-244 in the Early Solar System
• The R-Process Alliance: Exploring the cosmic scatter among ten r-process sites with stellar abundances
• R-process heating implementation in hydrodynamic simulations with neural networks
• Computing nuclear response functions with time-dependent coupled-cluster theory
• Chemical Evolution in Nuclear Stellar Discs
• Impact of the Brink Axel Hypothesis on Unique First Forbidden \b{eta} transitions for r process nuclei
• Recent Advances in Understanding R-Process Nucleosynthesis in Metal-Poor Stars and Stellar Systems
• Theory of nuclear collective vibrations
• Non-equilibrium Green's function approach to low-energy fission dynamics: fluctuations in fission reactions
• Neutrinos and Heavy Element Nucleosynthesis
• Mass measurements in the ${}^{132}$Sn region with the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap mass spectrometer
• Neutron-capture elements in a sample of field metal-poor N-rich dwarfs
• Multimodal fission from self-consistent calculations
• Measurement of $\beta$-particles to determine cross sections relevant to the weak r-process
• Conceptual Design of a Low-Energy Ion Beam Storage Ring and a Recoil Separator to Study Radiative Neutron Capture by Radioactive Ions
• Neutrino-Neutron Scattering Opacities in Supernova Matter
• On the use of galaxy catalogs in gravitational-wave parameter estimation
• Temperature dependence of cluster decay
• Chemical enrichment by collapsars as the origin of the unusually high [Ba/Fe] in a massive star cluster of the dwarf galaxy NGC 1569
• How Do Nuclear Isomers Influence the Gamma-Ray Bursts in Binary Neutron Star Mergers?
• Chemical composition of planetary hosts: II. Abundances of neutron-capture elements
• Hypothesis about Enrichment of Solar System
• The chemical DNA of the Magellanic Clouds V. R-process dominates neutron capture elements production in the oldest SMC stars
• The impact of rare events on the chemical enrichment in dwarf galaxies
• $\beta$-Decay Properties of Neutron-rich Yttrium Isotopes
• Impact of in situ nuclear networks and atomic opacities on neutron star merger ejecta dynamics, nucleosynthesis, and kilonovae
• Strontium-84 Enrichments in Presolar Grains Provide First Evidence of p-process Nucleosynthesis in Core-collapse Supernovae
• Nuclear Reactions in Evolving Stars
• Modeling the emission lines from r-process elements in Supernova nebulae
• General relativistic hydrodynamics code for dynamical spacetimes with curvilinear coordinates, tabulated equations of state, and neutrino physics
• Dynamical ejecta of neutron star mergers with nucleonic weak processes I: Nucleosynthesis
• Deformation, halo, and bubble structure: A paradigm shift of exotic phenomena in light to medium mass nuclei
• Targeted optimization in small-scale atomic structure calculations: application to Au I
• Effect of quantizing magnetic field on the inner crusts of hot Neutron Stars
• Statistical framework for nuclear parameter uncertainties in nucleosynthesis modeling of r- and i-process
• Nuclear astrophysics
• Status and Perspectives of Neutrino Physics
• Exploring Composition Mixing in Kilonova Ejecta with Ray-by-ray Simulations
• Modeling Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays propagation using the input from Configuration Interaction Shell Model
• Kilonova and progenitor properties of merger-driven gamma-ray bursts
• Nuclear data activities for medium mass and heavy nuclei at Los Alamos
• Cosmic Radioactivity and Galactic Chemical Evolution
• Proton-rich production of lanthanides: the $\nu i$ process
• Ab initio calculations of beta-decay half-lives for $N=50$ neutron-rich nuclei
• A microscopic calculation of fission cross sections with the non-equilibrium Green function method
• Th/Eu abundance ratio of red giants in the Kepler Field
• Limits on active-sterile neutrino mixing parameters using heavy nuclei abundances
• Impact of the latest 22Ne+α reaction rates on nucleosynthesis in massive stars and galactic chemical evolution
• Exploratory study on the masses of odd-$Z$ nuclei and $r$-process simulation based on the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum
• High-precision mass measurements of the ground and isomeric states in ${}^{124,125}$Ag
• Mergers of binary neutron star systems: a multi-messenger revolution
• Isolated one-phonon mixed-symmetry 2+ state of the radioactive neutron-rich nuclide 132Te
• The Influence of a Shock on the Nucleosynthesis Developing during the Explosion of a Low-Mass Neutron Star
• Microscopic Theory of Nuclear Fission
• Silicon and Strontium abundances of very metal-poor stars determined from near-infrared spectra
• A New Moment-Based General-Relativistic Neutrino-Radiation Transport Code: Methods and First Applications to Neutron Star Mergers
• Fast Neutrino Conversion in Hydrodynamic Simulations of Neutrino-Cooled Accretion Disks
• Neutrino opacities in magnetic fields for binary neutron star merger simulations
• The cosmic journey of dust grains -- from nucleation to planetary system
• Universality and variability of the heavy r-process element abundance pattern from a nonequilibrium approach
• Impact of nuclear masses on r-process nucleosynthesis: bulk properties versus shell effects
• Diagrammatic Monte Carlo for Finite Systems at Zero Temperature
• A novel method of half-life determination for highly charged ions based on isochronous mass spectrometry
• Identification of new gold lines in the 350 to 1000 nm spectral region using laser produced plasmas
• Observational constraints on the origin of the elements. X. Combining NLTE and machine learning for chemical diagnostics of 4 million stars in the 4MIDABLE-HR survey
• Impact of octupole deformation on the nuclear electromagnetic response
• r-Process and Kilonovae
• Non-nucleon metastable excitations in nuclear matter and $e^{-}$ catalysis as a quark-cumulative mechanism for initiating low-energy nuclear chemical processes: phenomenology
• The R-Process Alliance: A Nearly Complete R-Process Abundance Template Derived from Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the R-Process-Enhanced Metal-Poor Star HD 222925