Chemical composition of planetary hosts: II. Abundances of neutron-capture elements

Abstract

We present a study of neutron-capture element abundances (Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Pr, and Eu) in a large and homogeneous sample of 160 F-, G-, and K-type planet-host stars located in the northern hemisphere, including 32 stars in multi-planetary systems. The sample hosts a total of 175 high-mass planets and 47 Neptunian and super-Earth planets. High-resolution spectra were obtained with the 1.65-metre telescope at the Molėtai Astronomical Observatory using a fibre-fed spectrograph covering 4000-8500 Å. Elemental abundances were determined by differential line-by-line spectrum synthesis with the TURBOSPECTRUM code and MARCS model atmospheres. The analysis of $[\mathrm{El}/\mathrm{Fe}]$ ratios shows that most elements in PHSs follow the Galactic chemical evolution, but $[\mathrm{Zr}/\mathrm{Fe}]$, $[\mathrm{La}/\mathrm{Fe}]$, and $[\mathrm{Ce}/\mathrm{Fe}]$ are overabundant in PHSs relative to reference stars at a given $[\mathrm{Fe}/\mathrm{H}]$. Correlations between $[\mathrm{El}/\mathrm{Fe}]$ and planet mass are generally positive, except for Sr, Y, and Ba, which show no significant trends. The distribution of $\Delta [\mathrm{El}/\mathrm{H}]$ versus condensation temperature ($T_{\mathrm{cond}}$) slopes is positively skewed for PHSs, indicating enrichment in refractory elements compared to analogues. While no strong correlations are found between $\Delta [\mathrm{El}/\mathrm{H}]$-$T_{\mathrm{cond}}$ slopes and stellar or planetary parameters, older dwarf stars with multiple planets tend to have smaller or negative slopes, whereas younger dwarf stars exhibit larger positive slopes. Our results also confirm that multi-planetary systems are more frequent around metal-rich stars.

arXiv comment18 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics on 22 July 2025

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