Observational constraints on the origin of the elements II. 3D non-LTE formation of Ba ii lines in the solar atmosphere

Abstract

Context. The pursuit of more realistic spectroscopic modelling and consistent abundances has led us to begin a new series of papers designed to improve current solar and stellar abundances of various atomic species. To achieve this, we have began updating the three-dimensional (3D) non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) radiative transfer code, Multi3D, and the equivalent one-dimensional (1D) non-LTE radiative transfer code, MULTI. Aims. We examine our improvements to these codes by redetermining the solar barium abundance. Barium was chosen for this test as it is an important diagnostic element of the s-process in the context of galactic chemical evolution. New Ba II + H collisional data for excitation and charge exchange reactions computed from first principles had recently become available and were included in the model atom. The atom also includes the effects of isotopic line shifts and hyperfine splitting. Method. A grid of 1D LTE barium lines were constructed with MULTI and fit to the four Ba II lines available to us in the optical region of the solar spectrum. Abundance corrections were then determined in 1D non-LTE, 3D LTE, and 3D non-LTE. A new 3D non-LTE solar barium abundance was computed from these corrections. Results. We present for the first time the full 3D non-LTE barium abundance of $A(\mathrm{Ba})=2.27\pm 0.02\pm 0.01$, which was derived from four individual fully consistent barium lines. Errors here represent the systematic and random errors, respectively.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in A&A. 12 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, 1 Appendix containing 4 tables. Updated to correct columns 9 & 10 in Table3, which were swapped with each other

References in corpus (39)

• A grid of MARCS model atmospheres for late-type stars I. Methods and general properties
• Neutron capture in low mass Asymptotic Giant Branch stars: cross sections and abundance signatures
• The r-process of stellar nucleosynthesis: Astrophysics and nuclear physics achievements and mysteries
• The stellar atmosphere simulation code Bifrost
• The discovery of the electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817: kilonova AT 2017gfo/DLT17ck
• NLTE line formation of Fe for late-type stars. I. Standard stars with 1D and <3D> model atmospheres
• The Stagger-grid: A Grid of 3D Stellar Atmosphere Models - I. Methods and General Properties
• The elemental composition of the Sun III. The heavy elements Cu to Th
• Radiative transfer with scattering for domain-decomposed 3D MHD simulations of cool stellar atmospheres
• Observational constraints on the origin of the elements. I. 3D NLTE formation of Mn lines in late-type stars
• Non-LTE oxygen line formation in 3D hydrodynamic model stellar atmospheres
• Non-LTE line formation for heavy elements in four very metal-poor stars
• Evolution of the Barium abundance in the early Galaxy from a NLTE analysis of the Ba lines in a homogeneous sample of EMP stars
• NLTE analysis of Sr lines in spectra of late-type stars with new R-matrix atomic data
• Multi-level 3D non-LTE computations of lithium lines in the metal-poor halo stars HD140283 and HD84937
• The photospheric solar oxygen project: IV. 3D-NLTE investigation of the 777 nm triplet lines
• The solar silicon abundance based on 3D non-LTE calculations
• PEPSI deep spectra. I. The Sun-as-a-star
• 3D NLTE analysis of the most iron-deficient star, SMSS0313-6708
• Grid of theoretical NLTE equivalent widths of four Ba II lines and barium abundance in cool stars
• Effective temperatures, rotational velocities, microturbulent velocities and abundances in the atmospheres of the Sun,. HD1835 and HD10700
• NLTE Strontium and Barium in metal poor red giant stars
• The barium isotopic mixture for the metal-poor subgiant star HD140283
• The StaggerGrid Project: a Grid of 3D Model Atmospheres for High-Precision Spectroscopy
• Even-to-Odd Barium Isotope Ratio in Selected Galactic Halo Stars
• Lithium abundance and 6Li/7Li ratio in the active giant HD123351 I. A comparative analysis of 3D and 1D NLTE line-profile fits
• Convective blueshifts in the solar atmosphere, I. Absolute measurements with LARS of the spectral lines at 6302 Å
• An in-depth spectroscopic examination of molecular bands from 3D hydrodynamical model atmospheres I. Formation of the G-band in metal-poor dwarf stars
• Solar BaII 4554 A line as Doppler diagnostics: NLTE analysis in 3D hydrodynamical model
• The barium isotopic fractions in five metal-poor stars
• Ca line formation in late-type stellar atmospheres: I. The model atom
• Solar granulation from photosphere to low chromosphere observed in BaII 4554 A line
• Lithium spectral line formation in stellar atmospheres. The impact of convection and NLTE effects
• Precision measurement of branching fractions of ${}^{138}$Ba${}^{+}$: Testing many body theories below one percent level
• A three-dimensional hydrodynamical line profile analysis of iron lines and barium isotopes in HD140283
• Convective blueshifts in the solar atmosphere II. High-accuracy observations of the Fe i 6173.3Å line and deviations of full-disk Dopplergrams
• A key physical mechanism for understanding the enigmatic linear polarization of the solar BaII and NaI D1 lines
• NLTE modelling of integrated light spectra. Abundances of barium, magnesium, and manganese in a metal-poor globular cluster
• Modeling the quantum interference signatures of the Ba II D2 4554 A line in the second solar spectrum

Cited by in corpus (37)

• The chemical make-up of the Sun: A 2020 vision
• The GALAH+ Survey: Third Data Release
• Observational constraints on the origin of the elements. IV: The standard composition of the Sun
• The GALAH Survey: Non-LTE departure coefficients for large spectroscopic surveys
• Solar oxygen abundance
• Elevated r-process enrichment in Gaia Sausage and Sequoia
• Non-LTE Radiative Transfer with Turbospectrum
• PySME -- Spectroscopy Made Easier
• Observational constraints on the origin of the elements. III. Evidence for the dominant role of sub-Chandrasekhar SN Ia in the chemical evolution of Mn and Fe in the Galaxy
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: A new approach to chemically characterising young open clusters II. Abundances of the neutron-capture elements Cu, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, and Ce
• The S2 Stream: the shreds of a primitive dwarf galaxy
• The chemical composition of globular clusters in the Local Group
• Observational constraints on the origin of the elements. VII. NLTE analysis of Y II lines in spectra of cool stars and implications for Y as a Galactic chemical clock
• Low-Temperature Gas Opacities with AESOPUS 2.0
• Mono-enriched stars and Galactic chemical evolution -- Possible biases in observations and theory
• The GALAH survey: Tracing the Milky Way's formation and evolution through RR Lyrae stars
• Solar oxygen abundance using SST/CRISP center-to-limb observations of the O I 7772 Å line
• 3D NLTE modelling of Y and Eu. Centre-to-limb variation and solar abundances
• Testing abundance-age relations beyond solar analogues with Kepler LEGACY stars
• 1D non-LTE corrections for chemical abundance analyses of very metal-poor stars
• Influence of NLTE effects in Fe I lines on inverted atmosphere II. 6301 A and 6302 A lines formed in 3DNLTE
• Titans metal-poor reference stars II. Red giants and CEMP stars
• Electric dipole transition amplitudes for atoms and ions with one valence electron
• Chemical Evolution of R-process Elements in Stars (CERES): IV. An observational run-up of the third r-process peak with Hf, Os, Ir, and Pt
• Neutron-capture elements in dwarf galaxies III: A homogenized analysis of 13 dwarf spheroidal and ultra-faint galaxies
• Chemical Evolution of R-process Elements in Stars (CERES). III. Chemical abundances of neutron capture elements from Ba to Eu
• Observational constraints on the origin of the elements. IX. 3D NLTE abundances of metals in the context of Galactic Chemical Evolution Models and 4MOST
• Optical and NIR spectroscopy of cool CEMP stars to probe the nucleosynthesis in low mass AGB binary system
• NLTE abundances of Eu for a sample of metal-poor stars in the Galactic Halo and Metal-poor Disk with 1D and <3D> models
• Discovery of a pair of very metal-poor stars enriched in neutron-capture elements: The proto-disk r-II star BPS CS 29529-0089 and the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus r-I star TYC 9219-2422-1
• Abundance of barium in the atmospheres of red giants in the Galactic globular cluster NGC 104 (47 Tuc)
• Chemical composition of planetary hosts: II. Abundances of neutron-capture elements
• Heavy Elements -- They came out of the blue
• The SAPP pipeline for the determination of stellar abundances and atmospheric parameters of stars in the core program of the PLATO mission
• A method to derive self-consistent NLTE astrophysical parameters for 4 million high-resolution 4MOST stellar spectra in half a day with invertible neural networks
• Observational constraints on the origin of the elements. X. Combining NLTE and machine learning for chemical diagnostics of 4 million stars in the 4MIDABLE-HR survey
• On the Chemical Composition of the Evolved Very Bright Metal-Poor Star HD 1936