1/f noise: implications for solid-state quantum information

Abstract

The efficiency of the future devices for quantum information processing will be limited mostly by the finite decoherence rates of the individual qubits and quantum gates. Recently, substantial progress was achieved in enhancing the time within which a solid-state qubit demonstrates coherent dynamics. This progress is based mostly on a successful isolation of the qubits from external decoherence sources obtained by clever engineering. Under these conditions, the material-inherent sources of noise start to play a crucial role. In most cases, quantum devices are affected by noise decreasing with frequency, f, approximately as 1/f. According to the present point of view, such noise is due to material- and device-specific microscopic degrees of freedom interacting with quantum variables of the nanodevice. The simplest picture is that the environment that destroys the phase coherence of the device can be thought of as a system of two-state fluctuators, which experience random hops between their states. If the hopping times are distributed in a exponentially broad domain, the resulting fluctuations have a spectrum close to 1/f in a large frequency range. In this paper we review the current state of the theory of decoherence due to degrees of freedom producing 1/f noise. We discuss basic mechanisms of such noises in various nanodevices and then review several models describing the interaction of the noise sources with quantum devices. The main focus of the review is to analyze how the 1/f noise destroys their coherent operation. We start from individual qubits concentrating mostly on the devices based on superconductor circuits, and then discuss some special issues related to more complicated architectures. Finally, we consider several strategies for minimizing the noise-induced decoherence.

Revised manuscript accepted for publication in Rev. Mod. Phys. 63 pages, 44 figures

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• Neural Network Based Qubit Environment Characterization
• Filter Function Formalism and Software Package to Compute Quantum Processes of Gate Sequences for Classical Non-Markovian Noise
• Robust applicability of continuous dynamical decoupling to decoherence reduction in longitudinal and transverse-noise settings: The role of anisotropy
• Data-Driven Reconstruction and Characterization of Stochastic Dynamics via Dynamical Mode Decomposition
• Strategic nomadic-colonial switching: Stochastic noise and subsidence-recovery cycles
• Control of noisy quantum systems: Field theory approach to error mitigation
• Exploring entanglement resource in Si quantum dot systems with operational quasiprobability approach
• Global estimates of errors in quantum computation by the Feynman-Vernon formalism
• Slow oscillating dynamics of a two-level system subject to a fast telegraph noise: beyond the NIBA approximation
• Efficient learning and optimizing non-Gaussian correlated noise in digitally controlled qubit systems
• Image of the phonon spectrum in the 1/f noise of topological insulators
• Passive quantum error correction of photon loss at breakeven
• Geometric quantum control and the random Schrödinger equation