Rigorous Born Approximation and beyond for the Spin-Boson Model

Abstract

Within the lowest-order Born approximation, we present an exact calculation of the time dynamics of the spin-boson model in the ohmic regime. We observe non-Markovian effects at zero temperature that scale with the system-bath coupling strength and cause qualitative changes in the evolution of coherence at intermediate times of order of the oscillation period. These changes could significantly affect the performance of these systems as qubits. In the biased case, we find a prompt loss of coherence at these intermediate times, whose decay rate is set by $\sqrt{\alpha }$, where $\alpha$ is the coupling strength to the environment. We also explore the calculation of the next order Born approximation: we show that, at the expense of very large computational complexity, interesting physical quantities can be rigorously computed at fourth order using computer algebra, presented completely in an accompanying Mathematica file. We compute the $O(\alpha )$ corrections to the long time behavior of the system density matrix; the result is identical to the reduced density matrix of the equilibrium state to the same order in $\alpha$. All these calculations indicate precision experimental tests that could confirm or refute the validity of the spin-boson model in a variety of systems.

Greatly extended version of short paper cond-mat/0304118. Accompanying Mathematica notebook fop5.nb, available in Source, is an essential part of this work; it gives full details of the fourth-order Born calculation summarized in the text. fop5.nb is prepared in arXiv style (available from Wolfram Research)

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