Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution

Abstract

How to remove detector side channel attacks has been a notoriously hard problem in quantum cryptography. Here, we propose a simple solution to this problem---*measurement* device independent quantum key distribution. It not only removes all detector side channels, but also doubles the secure distance with conventional lasers. Our proposal can be implemented with standard optical components with low detection efficiency and highly lossy channels. In contrast to the previous solution of full device independent QKD, the realization of our idea does not require detectors of near unity detection efficiency in combination with a qubit amplifier (based on teleportation) or a quantum non-demolition measurement of the number of photons in a pulse. Furthermore, its key generation rate is many orders of magnitude higher than that based on full device independent QKD. The results show that long-distance quantum cryptography over say 200km will remain secure even with seriously flawed detectors.

7 pages, two-column format, 4 figures in total

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• Finite-key analysis of loss-tolerant quantum key distribution based on random sampling theory
• The future of secure communications: device independence in quantum key distribution
• When Federated Learning Meets Quantum Computing: Survey and Research Opportunities
• Secret key distillation over satellite-to-satellite free-space optics channel with a limited-sized aperture eavesdropper in the same plane of the legitimate receiver
• Sending-or-not-sending twin-filed quantum key distribution with discrete phase modulation
• Loss-tolerant quantum key distribution with a twist
• Asymmetric mode-pairing quantum key distribution
• Suppression of patterning effect using IQ modulator for high-speed quantum key distribution systems
• Twin-field quantum key distribution with passive-decoy state
• Practical quantum key distribution with non-phase-randomized coherent states
• A direct GHz-clocked phase and intensity modulated transmitter applied to quantum key distribution
• Comment on "Inherent security of phase coding quantum key distribution systems against detector blinding attacks" [Laser Phys. Lett. 15, 095203 (2018)]
• Long-distance entanglement sharing using hybrid states of discrete and continuous variables
• Measurement-device-independent quantum-secret-sharing networks with linear Bell-state analysis
• Multipartite Entanglement Swapping and Mechanical Cluster States
• Phase-coding quantum-key-distribution system based on Sagnac-Mach-Zehnder interferometers
• Proposal for distribution of multi-photon entanglement with optimal rate-distance scaling
• Improving the performance of twin-field quantum key distribution with advantage distillation technology
• Differential phase encoded measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
• Multi-user quantum key distribution with collective eavesdropping detection over collective-noise channels
• Experimental Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Cryptographic Conferencing
• Quantum Private Comparison over noisy channels
• Preserving Measurements for Optimal State Discrimination over Quantum Channels
• Beating direct transmission bounds for quantum key distribution with a multiple quantum memory station
• Intensity modulation as a preemptive measure against blinding of single-photon detectors based on self-differencing cancellation
• Sending or not sending twin-field quantum key distribution with distinguishable decoy states
• Discrete-phase-randomized measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
• Fully autocompensating high-dimensional quantum cryptography by optical phase conjugation
• Finite-range multiplexing enhances quantum key distribution via quantum repeaters
• Tight finite-key analysis for generalized high-dimensional quantum key distribution
• Security evaluation of quantum key distribution with weak basis-choice flaws
• Optimal photon pairs for quantum communication protocols
• Semi device independence of the BB84 protocol
• Entanglement Verification of Hyperentangled Photon Pairs
• CV-MDI Quantum Key Distribution via Satellite
• Quantum key distribution with imperfectly isolated devices
• Loss-tolerant quantum secure positioning with weak laser sources
• An Overview of CV-MDI-QKD
• Measurement-Device-Independenization of Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
• Biased decoy-state reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution
• Quantum hacking perceiving for quantum key distribution using temporal ghost imaging
• Twin-field quantum key distribution with partial phase postselection
• Efficient Quantum Digital Signatures over Long Distances with Likely Bit Strings
• Experimental demonstration of improved reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution over 175km
• Quantum key distribution with unbounded pulse correlations
• Attacks on Fixed Apparatus Quantum Key Distribution Schemes
• Detector-decoy high-dimensional quantum key distribution
• Countermeasure against quantum hacking using detection statistics
• Environment-assisted bosonic quantum communications
• Characterization of entangling properties of quantum measurement via two-mode quantum detector tomography using coherent state probes
• Effects of preparation and measurement misalignments on the security of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol
• Sender-controlled measurement-device-independent multiparty quantum communication
• Continuous-variable measurement device independent quantum conferencing with post-selection
• Explicit attacks on BB84 with distinguishable photons
• Security bound of continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with imperfect phase reference calibration
• Practical Attacks on Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution Systems with Detector Efficiency Mismatch
• Decoy-state round-robin differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution with source errors
• Optimal quantum key distribution networks: capacitance versus security
• Quantum and semi--quantum key distribution in networks
• Quantum control attack on quantum key distribution systems
• Foiling zero-error attacks against coherent-one-way quantum key distribution
• Noisy quantum input loophole in measurement-device-independent entanglement witnesses
• Distribution of Bell inequality violation vs. multiparty quantum correlation measures
• High-dimensional Encoding in the Round-Robin Differential-Phase-Shift Protocol
• Observation of two-photon interference effect with single non-photon-number resolving detector
• Free-space reconfigurable quantum key distribution network
• Equitable multiparty quantum communication without a trusted third party
• Intensity correlations in decoy-state BB84 quantum key distribution systems
• Asynchronous measurement-device-independent quantum digital signatures
• Experimental Coherent One-Way Quantum Key Distribution with Simplicity and Practical Security
• Implementations for Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution
• Towards practical high-speed high dimensional quantum key distribution using partial mutual unbiased basis of photon's orbital angular momentum
• Enhancing nonclassical bosonic correlations in a Quantum Walk network through experimental control of disorder
• Layer-Wise Security Framework and Analysis for the Quantum Internet
• Robustness of entanglement-based discrete- and continuous-variable quantum key distribution against channel noise
• Two-photon Interference with Non-identical Photons
• Field Test of Quantum Key Distribution with High Key Creation Efficiency
• Optical designs for realization of a set of schemes for quantum cryptography
• Metro-scale QKD using multimode fiber
• Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution with Nonclassical Light Generated in a One-dimensional Waveguide
• Enhanced Bell state measurement for efficient measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution using 3-dimensional quantum states
• Quantum hacking: Induced-photorefraction attack on a practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution system
• Finite-key analysis for quantum key distribution with discrete phase randomization
• Application of an Improved Version of McDiarmid Inequality in Finite-Key-Length Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution
• Protocols for counterfactual and twin-field quantum digital signature
• Quantum key distribution with any two independent and identically distributed states
• Projecting onto any two-photon polarization state using linear optics
• Open-destination measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution network
• Time-resolved two-photon interference of weak coherent pulses
• Zero-photon catalysis based eight-state discrete modulated measurement-device-independent continuous-variable quantum key distribution
• Quantum $k$-uniform states from quantum orthogonal arrays
• Efficient source-independent quantum conference key agreement
• Hacking coherent-one-way quantum key distribution with present-day technology
• A Survey on Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution for Secure Data Transmission: Toward the Future of Secured Quantum-Networks
• Wide-spectrum security of quantum key distribution
• Twin-field-based multi-party quantum key agreement
• Quantum and Classical Two-photon Interference of Single Photons with Ultralong Coherence Time
• Advantage Distillation for Quantum Key Distribution
• Quantum interferences and gates with emitter-based coherent photon sources
• Phase-Matching Quantum Key Distribution without Intensity Modulation
• Broadband biphoton generation and polarization splitting in a monolithic AlGaAs chip
• Dynamic attenuation scheme in measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution over turbulent channels
• Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with classical Bob and no joint measurement
• Resource state structure for controlled quantum key distribution
• Light Source Monitoring in Quantum Key Distribution with Single Photon Detector at Room Temperature
• Quantum cryptography with an ideal local relay
• NOON state generation with phonons in acoustic wave resonators assisted by a nitrogen-vacancy-center ensemble
• Collective attack free controlled quantum key agreement without quantum memory
• Experimental Entanglement Quantification for Unknown Quantum States in a Semi-Device-Independent Manner
• Quantum Privacy-Preserving Price E-Negotiation
• Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with imperfect sources
• Experimental Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key distribution with Flawed State-Preparation over 300 km
• Rotation Based Slice Error Correction Protocol for Continuous-variable Quantum Key Distribution and its Implementation with Polar Codes
• Loss-tolerant quantum key distribution with detection efficiency mismatch
• Generalized Rényi entropy accumulation theorem and generalized quantum probability estimation
• A consolidated and accessible security proof for finite-size decoy-state quantum key distribution
• Simultaneous quantum identity authentication scheme utilizing entanglement swapping with secret key preservation
• Improved and Formal Proposal for Device Independent Quantum Private Query
• An unconditional experimental test of Nonclassicality
• Measurement-device-independent QSDC protocol using Bell and GHZ states on quantum simulator
• Analytic Semi-device-independent Entanglement Quantification for Bipartite Quantum States
• Beating the repeaterless bound with adaptive measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
• Intrinsic mitigation of the after-gate attack in quantum key distribution through fast-gated delayed detection
• Indefinite causal key distribution
• Quantum Communication for Military Applications
• Security Of Finite-Key-Length Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Using Arbitrary Number Of Decoys
• Optical transmitter for time-bin encoding Quantum Key Distribution
• Purity and construction of arbitrary dimensional $k$-uniform mixed states
• Finite-key analysis for memory-assisted decoy-state quantum key distribution
• Entanglement Model for Mode-Pairing Quantum Key Distribution
• Space-division multiplexed phase compensation for quantum communication: concept and field demonstration
• Measurement-device-independent verification of channel steering
• Source-Replacement Model for Phase-Matching Quantum Key Distribution
• Complementarity Analysis of Interference between Frequency-Displaced Photonic Wave-Packets
• Quantifying Coherence with Untrusted Devices
• Measurement-Protected Quantum Key Distribution
• Multi-matrix rate-compatible reconciliation for quantum key distribution
• Indistinguishability-induced classical-to-nonclassical transition of photon statistics
• Towards efficient and secure quantum-classical communication networks
• Experimental Efficient Source-Independent Quantum Conference Key Agreement
• Numerical security analysis for quantum key distribution with partial state characterization
• Secure Multi-Party Quantum Conference and Xor Computation
• Evaluation of quantum key distribution systems against injection-locking attacks
• Quantum Technology for Military Applications
• Solve single photon detector problems
• Enhancing key rates of QKD protocol by Coincidence Detection
• Simple and Rigorous Proof Method for the Security of Practical Quantum Key Distribution in the Single-Qubit Regime Using Mismatched Basis Measurements
• Secure One-Sided Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Under Collective Attacks with Enhanced Robustness
• Individual attacks with generalized discrimination and inadequacy of some information measures
• Lightweight Mediated Semi-Quantum Key Distribution Protocol with a Dishonest Third Party based on Bell States
• Gaussian pulse-induced imperfect rephasing in coherent transients
• Secure BB84-type quantum key distribution with simple phase error formula
• Quantum counterfactuality with identical particles
• Countering detector manipulation attacks in quantum communication through detector self-testing
• A Contextuality Based Quantum Key Distribution Protocol
• Enhancing Protocol Privacy with Blind Calibration of Quantum Devices
• Resource-Efficient Real-Time Polarization Compensation for MDI-QKD with Rejected Data
• Enhanced Hong-Ou-Mandel Manifolds and figures of merit for linear chains of identical micro-ring resonators
• Comment on 'Improving the security of protocols of quantum key agreement solely using Bell states and Bell measurement'
• Proposal for optomagnonic teleportation and entanglement swapping
• Multipartite multiplexing strategies for quantum routers
• Re-examination of the role of displacement and photon catalysis operation in continuous variable measurement device-independent quantum key distribution
• Phase error rate estimation in QKD with imperfect detectors
• Entanglement, loss, and quantumness: When balanced beam splitters are best
• Experimentally validated quantum-secure federated learning over a multi-user quantum network
• Emulation of satellite up-link quantum communication with entangled photons
• Optimizing the quantum interference between single photons and local oscillator with photon correlations
• Reference-Beam Attacks against Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution using Optical Injection Locking
• Research progress of artificial intelligence empowered quantum communication and quantum sensing systems
• Physical interpretation of nonlocal quantum correlation through local description of subsystems
• Communication over Continuous Quantum Secure Dialogue using Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen States
• Third Party CNOT Attack on MDI QKD
• Design and Analysis of Communication Protocols using Quantum Resources
• Experimental Side Channel Analysis of BB84 QKD Source
• Hybrid classical-quantum communication networks
• Testing Single Photon Entanglement using Self-Referential Measurements
• Reducing Network Cooling Cost Using Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution
• Modeling and Simulation of Practical Quantum Secure Communication Network
• Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution coexisting with classical communication
• Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Single Quadrature Measurement at Arbitrary Reference Frame
• Understanding of collective atom phase control in modified photon echoes for a near perfect, storage time extended quantum memory
• Adaptive Techniques in Practical Quantum Key Distribution
• Single-photon linear polarimeter based on a superconducting nanowire array
• Alignment-free characterization of polarizing beamsplitters
• Finite-key analysis for twin-field quantum key distribution based on generalized operator dominance condition
• An on-demand resource allocation algorithm for a quantum network hub and its performance analysis
• An entanglement-based quantum network based on symmetric dispersive optics quantum key distribution
• Photonic Integrated Phase Decoder Scheme for High-Speed, Efficient and Stable Quantum Key Distribution System
• A global estimation of the lower bound of the privacy amplification term for decoy-state quantum key distribution
• Reference-Frame-Independent Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Uncharacterized Qubits
• No real advantage of photon subtraction and displacement in continuous variable measurement device independent quantum key distribution
• Pilot-reference-free continuous-variable quantum key distribution with efficient decoy-state analysis
• Measurement-device-independent nonlinear entanglement witnesses
• Ultrastable, low-error dynamic polarization encoding of deterministically generated single photons
• Quantum Random Number Generation with Partial Source Assumptions
• Multi-party quantum fingerprinting with weak coherent pulses: circuit design and protocol analysis
• A polarization quantum key distribution scheme based on phase matching
• Convert laser light into single photons via interference
• Optimized Spectral Purity of Heralded Single Photons at the Telecom O-Band
• Long-distance device-independent quantum key distribution with standard optics tools
• Novel Constructions of Mutually Unbiased Tripartite Absolutely Maximally Entangled Bases
• Lightweight authenticated quantum key distribution protocols with key recycling
• Novel Reconciliation Protocol Based on Spinal Code for Continuous-variable Quantum Key Distribution
• Detection loophole attacks on semi-device-independent quantum and classical protocols
• CV-MDI-QKD: One-mode Gaussian attacks are not enough
• Nondestructive discrimination of Bell states between distant parties
• Enabling CV-MDI-QKD for low squeezed states using non-Gaussian operations
• Quantum oblivious transfer: a short review
• W-state Analyzer and Multi-party Measurement-device-independent Quantum Key Distribution
• Self-Testing Graph States Permitting Bounded Classical Communication
• Quantum communications infrastructure architecture: theoretical background, network structure and technologies. A review of recent studies from a European public infrastructure perspective
• Quantum Physics in Space
• On High-Dimensional Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution
• Finite-key analysis for a practical decoy-state twin-field quantum key distribution
• Advantages and limitations of channel multiplexing for discrete-variable quantum key distribution
• Four-state reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution with non-qubit sources
• Resource-efficient energy test and parameter estimation in continuous-variable quantum key distribution
• Two-Layer Quantum Key Distribution
• Optimizing Continuous-Wave-Pumped Entanglement-based QKD in Noisy Environments
• A cost-effective measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution system for quantum networks
• A heralded single-photon source implemented with second-order nonlinear photonic crystals
• Tagging idea in continuous variable quantum key distribution and its application
• Design of Voltage Pulse Control Module for Free Space Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution
• Photonic quantum information with time-bins: Principles and applications
• Timing attacks on practical quantum cryptographic systems
• Exploration of Evolving Quantum Key Distribution Network Architecture Using Model-Based Systems Engineering
• Quantum-Resistant Networks Using Post-Quantum Cryptography
• Energy-time attack on detectors in quantum key distribution
• Source-independent quantum key distribution without pre-sending entanglement
• Discrete-phase-randomized mode-pairing quantum key distribution
• Practical Countermeasure Against Attacks Exploiting Detection Efficiency Mismatch in Quantum Key Distribution
• Reversed Space Attacks
• Towards secure communication using intra-particle entanglement
• Lightweight Quantum Security Protocols
• Security Analysis of Mode-Pairing Quantum Key Distribution with Flexible Pairing Strategy
• Detecting correlated errors in twin-field quantum key distribution
• The phase matching quantum key distribution protocol with 3-state systems
• Experimental measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with the double-scanning method
• A Reconfigurable Relay for Polarization Encoded QKD Networks
• Are optical quantum information processing experiments possible without beamsplitter?
• Airborne Quantum Key Distribution with Boundary Layer Effects
• Fully connected entanglement-based quantum communication network without trusted node