Quantum Key Distribution with High Loss: Toward Global Secure Communication

Abstract

We propose a decoy-state method to overcome the photon-number-splitting attack for Bennett-Brassard 1984 quantum key distribution protocol in the presence of high loss: A legitimate user intentionally and randomly replaces signal pulses by multi-photon pulses (decoy-states). Then they check the loss of the decoy-states. If the loss of the decoy-states is abnormally less than that of signal pulses, the whole protocol is aborted. Otherwise, to continue the protocol, they estimate loss of signal multi-photon pulses based on that of decoy-states. This estimation can be done with an assumption that the two losses have similar values, that we justify.

derivation made more detailed, 4 pages, RevTex

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• Optimal photon pairs for quantum communication protocols
• Security evaluation of quantum key distribution with weak basis-choice flaws
• Tight finite-key analysis for generalized high-dimensional quantum key distribution
• Temporal array with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for photon-number-resolution
• Fully autocompensating high-dimensional quantum cryptography by optical phase conjugation
• Probing single-photon state tomography using phase-randomized coherent states
• Sending or not sending twin-field quantum key distribution with distinguishable decoy states
• Linear-Optic Heralded Photon Source
• Quantum cryptography: theory and practice
• Security of Decoy-State Protocols for General Photon-Number-Splitting Attacks
• Quantum key distribution with imperfectly isolated devices
• The European Satellite-Based QKD System EAGLE-1
• A passive transmitter for quantum key distribution with coherent light
• Quantum state engineering, purification, and number resolved photon detection with high finesse optical cavities
• Discrete-phase-randomized measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
• Loss-tolerant quantum secure positioning with weak laser sources
• Upper bounds for the secure key rate of decoy state quantum key distribution
• Security of quantum key distribution using weak coherent states with nonrandom phases
• Robust and Efficient Sifting-Less Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
• Improved Decoy-state and Flag-state Squashing Methods
• Experimental 4-intensity decoy-state quantum key distribution with asymmetric basis detector efficiency
• Modular source for near-infrared quantum communication
• Quantum communications feasibility tests over a UK-Ireland 224-km undersea link
• More randomness from a prepare-and-measure scenario with independent devices
• Twin-field quantum key distribution with partial phase postselection
• Quantum Information Masking in Non-Hermitian Systems and Robustness
• Quantum key distribution with realistic heralded single photon sources
• Experimental demonstration of improved reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution over 175km
• Biased decoy-state reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution
• Plug&Play subcarrier wave quantum key distribution with deep modulation
• Measurement-Device-Independenization of Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
• Extracting inter-dot tunnel couplings between few donor quantum dots in silicon
• Security of two-state and four-state practical quantum bit-commitment protocols
• Quantum microwave parametric interferometer
• Realization of an untrusted intermediate relay architecture using a quantum dot single-photon source
• Finite-key analysis of a practical decoy-state high-dimensional quantum key distribution
• Optimal decoy intensity for decoy quantum key distribution
• Detector-decoy high-dimensional quantum key distribution
• Practical Attacks on Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution Systems with Detector Efficiency Mismatch
• Attacks on Fixed Apparatus Quantum Key Distribution Schemes
• Rigorous calibration method for photon-number statistics
• Finite-Block-Length Analysis in Classical and Quantum Information Theory
• Remote temporal wavepacket narrowing
• Equitable multiparty quantum communication without a trusted third party
• Free-space reconfigurable quantum key distribution network
• Blind quantum computation with a heralded single photon source
• Generation of entangled photons with a second-order nonlinear photonic crystal and a beam splitter
• Foiling zero-error attacks against coherent-one-way quantum key distribution
• Layer-Wise Security Framework and Analysis for the Quantum Internet
• Optimal ratio between phase basis and bit basis in QKD
• Finite-size analysis of prepare-and-measure and decoy-state QKD via entropy accumulation
• Finite-key analysis for quantum key distribution with discrete phase randomization
• Time-cost analysis of a quantum key distribution system clocked at 100 MHz
• Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution with Nonclassical Light Generated in a One-dimensional Waveguide
• Towards practical high-speed high dimensional quantum key distribution using partial mutual unbiased basis of photon's orbital angular momentum
• Quantum Key Distribution with Basis-Dependent Detection Probability
• Quantum Information Masking of Hadamard Sets
• Integrated Silicon Photonic Transmitter for Polarization-Encoded Quantum Key Distribution
• Quantum cryptography
• Phase-Matching Quantum Key Distribution without Intensity Modulation
• Dynamic attenuation scheme in measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution over turbulent channels
• Hacking coherent-one-way quantum key distribution with present-day technology
• Single-photon characteristics of superposed weak coherent states
• Sharp finite statistics for quantum key distribution
• Open-destination measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution network
• Estimating the photon-number distribution of photonic channels with realistic devices and applications in photonic quantum information processing
• Characterising higher-order phase correlations in gain-switched laser sources with application to quantum key distribution
• Optimal multipartite entanglement concentration of electron-spin states based on charge detection and projection measurements
• Universally-composable finite-key analysis for efficient four-intensity decoy-state quantum key distribution
• Advantage Distillation for Quantum Key Distribution
• Quantum Key Distribution with Fibonacci Orbital Angular Momentum States
• Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution Using Homodyne Detection
• Sending-or-not-sending quantum key distribution with phase postselection
• A consolidated and accessible security proof for finite-size decoy-state quantum key distribution
• Loss-tolerant quantum key distribution with detection efficiency mismatch
• Anti-bunched photons from a lateral light-emitting diode
• Strong light illumination on gain-switched semiconductor lasers helps the eavesdropper in practical quantum key distribution systems
• Weak+Vacuum and One Decoy State with Two Way Quantum Key Distribution Protocol
• Universal Optimal Estimation of the Polarization of Light with Arbitrary Photon Statistics
• Optical transmitter for time-bin encoding Quantum Key Distribution
• Quantum Communication for Military Applications
• Finite-key analysis for quantum key distribution with weak coherent pulses based on Bernoulli sampling
• Experimental Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key distribution with Flawed State-Preparation over 300 km
• Prevent eavesdropping with bright reference pulses for practical quantum key distribution
• Indefinite causal key distribution
• Entanglement Model for Mode-Pairing Quantum Key Distribution
• Full statistics of ideal homodyne detection using real (noisy) local oscillator
• Round-robin differential phase-time-shifting protocol for quantum key distribution: theory and experiment
• Numerical security analysis for quantum key distribution with partial state characterization
• Noise-immunity Kazan quantum line at 143 km regular fiber link
• Simple and Rigorous Proof Method for the Security of Practical Quantum Key Distribution in the Single-Qubit Regime Using Mismatched Basis Measurements
• Resource Reduction in Multiplexed High-Dimensional Quantum Reed-Solomon Codes
• Optimal supplier of single-error-type entanglement via coherent-state transmission
• Source-Replacement Model for Phase-Matching Quantum Key Distribution
• Enhancing key rates of QKD protocol by Coincidence Detection
• Entanglement-assisted authenticated BB84 protocol
• Quantum key distribution overcoming practical correlated intensity fluctuations
• Evaluation of quantum key distribution systems against injection-locking attacks
• Single-photon-detection attack on the phase-coding continuous-variable quantum cryptography
• Secure Multi-Party Quantum Conference and Xor Computation
• Towards efficient and secure quantum-classical communication networks
• General model and modulation strategies for Sagnac-based encoders
• Afterpulsing Effect on the Baseline System Error Rate and on the Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
• Overcoming Intensity Limits for Long-Distance Quantum Key Distribution
• Single-Photon Advantage in Quantum Cryptography Beyond QKD
• Mitigating the source-side channel vulnerability by characterization of photon statistics
• Resource-Efficient Real-Time Polarization Compensation for MDI-QKD with Rejected Data
• Lightweight Mediated Semi-Quantum Key Distribution Protocol with a Dishonest Third Party based on Bell States
• Field trial of a finite-key quantum key distribution system in the Florence metropolitan area
• Phase error rate estimation in QKD with imperfect detectors
• Quantum-Space Attacks
• Fast quantum key distribution with decoy number states
• Secure Quantum Key Distribution Using a Room-Temperature Quantum Emitter
• Security analysis method for practical quantum key distribution with arbitrary encoding schemes
• Decoy-state quantum key distribution over 227 km with a frequency-converted telecom single-photon source
• Security of the BB84 protocol with passive biased basis choice by the receiver
• Practical quantum access network over a 10 Gbit/s Ethernet passive optical network
• Security of high speed quantum key distribution with finite detector dead time
• Hybrid classical-quantum communication networks
• Reducing Network Cooling Cost Using Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution
• Adaptive Techniques in Practical Quantum Key Distribution
• Finite-key analysis for twin-field quantum key distribution based on generalized operator dominance condition
• Reference-Frame-Independent Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Uncharacterized Qubits
• Photonic Integrated Phase Decoder Scheme for High-Speed, Efficient and Stable Quantum Key Distribution System
• Optimizing Decoy State Enabled Quantum Key Distribution Systems to Maximize Quantum Throughput and Detect Photon Number Splitting Attacks with High Confidence
• Increasing Interference Detection in Quantum Cryptography using the Quantum Fourier Transform
• A global estimation of the lower bound of the privacy amplification term for decoy-state quantum key distribution
• Intrinsic-Correlation Quantum Key Generation
• Quantum Random Number Generation with Partial Source Assumptions
• Finite-key security analysis of the decoy-state BB84 QKD with passive measurement
• From Practice to Theory: The "Bright Illumination" Attack on Quantum Key Distribution Systems
• Four-state reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution with non-qubit sources
• Nonclassicality and Bell nonlocality in atmospheric links
• A cost-effective measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution system for quantum networks
• Efficient Bit Sifting Scheme of Post-processing in Quantum Key Distribution
• Hybrid-Integrated InGaAs/InP SPAD Arrays for Quantum Communications
• Practical high-dimensional quantum key distribution with decoy states
• Field Experiment on a Robust Hierarchical Metropolitan Quantum Cryptography Network
• Analysis of Quantum Key Distribution based Satellite Communication
• Finite-size security of QKD: comparison of three proof techniques
• Contributions to free-space optical communications: feasibility of utilizing Cherenkov telescopes as receivers and beam-wander correction in quantum communications
• Real-time operation of a multi-rate, multi-protocol quantum key distribution transmitter
• Security of Plug-and-Play QKD Arrangements with Finite Resources
• Quantum Communication Technology
• Randomness determines practical security of BB84 quantum key distribution
• Optimizing Continuous-Wave-Pumped Entanglement-based QKD in Noisy Environments
• Optimum ratio between two bases in Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol with second order analysis
• General model for simulation of the measurement-device independent quantum key distribution
• Security proofs for practical QKD: variations, techniques, gaps, and limitations
• User-independent optical path length compensation scheme with sub-ns timing resolution for 1xN quantum key distribution network system
• Energy-time attack on detectors in quantum key distribution
• Source-independent quantum key distribution without pre-sending entanglement
• Phase-correlation-free quantum key distribution source operating at gigahertz rates
• Quantum Physics in Space
• SQOUT: A Risk-Based Threat Analysis Framework for Quantum Communication Systems
• Finite-key analysis for a practical decoy-state twin-field quantum key distribution
• Passively self-error-rejecting qubit transmission over a collective-noise channel
• Fully connected entanglement-based quantum communication network without trusted node
• Relativistic quantum key distribution system with one-way quantum communication
• Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution with Single Photons from Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
• Security analysis of the time-coding quantum key distribution protocols