Zigzag approach to higher key rate of sending-or-not-sending twin field quantum key distribution with finite key effects

Abstract

Odd-parity error rejection (OPER) can drastically improve the asymptotic key rate of sending-or-not-sending twin-field (SNS-TF) quantum key distribution (QKD). However, in practice, the finite key effects have to be considered for security. Here, we propose a zigzag approach to verify the phase-flip error of the survived bits after OPER. Based on this, we can take all the finite key effect efficiently in calculating the non-asymptotic key rate. Numerical simulation shows that our method here produces the highest key rate over all distances among all existing methods, improving the key rate by more than $100\%$ to $3000\%$ in comparison with different prior art methods with typical experimental setting. Also, we show that with the method here, the SNS-TF QKD can by far break the the absolute bound of repeater-less key rate with whatever detection efficiency. We can even reach a non-asymptotic key rate more than $40$ times of the practical bound and $13$ times of the absolute bound with $10^{12}$ pulses. Besides, we apply the McDiarmid inequality to estimate the phase flip error rate, further improving the key rate by more than $20\%$.

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• 1002 km Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution with Finite-Key Analysis
• Composable security for practical quantum key distribution with two way classical communication
• Advantages of Asynchronous Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution in Intercity Networks
• Scalable High-Rate Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution Networks without Constraint of Probability and Intensity
• Sending-or-not-sending twin-filed quantum key distribution with discrete phase modulation
• Sending or not sending twin-field quantum key distribution with distinguishable decoy states
• Sending-or-not-sending quantum key distribution with phase postselection