Simple security analysis of phase-matching measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution

Abstract

Variations of phase-matching measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (PM-MDI QKD) protocols have been investigated before, but it was recently discovered that this type of protocol (under the name of twin-field QKD) can beat the linear scaling of the repeaterless bound on secret key rate capacity. We propose a variation of PM-MDI QKD protocol, which reduces the sifting cost and uses non-phase-randomized coherent states as test states. We provide a security proof in the infinite key limit. Our proof is conceptually simple and gives tight key rates. We obtain an analytical key rate formula for the loss-only scenario, confirming the square root scaling and also showing the loss limit. We simulate the key rate for realistic imperfections and show that PM-MDI QKD can overcome the repeaterless bound with currently available technology.

Minor changes to match with the published version

References in corpus (8)

• Overcoming the rate-distance barrier of quantum key distribution without using quantum repeaters
• Distillation of secret key and entanglement from quantum states
• Post-selection technique for quantum channels with applications to quantum cryptography
• Direct and Reverse Secret-Key Capacities of a Quantum Channel
• Phase-Matching Quantum Key Distribution
• Composability in quantum cryptography
• Information theoretic security of quantum key distribution overcoming the repeaterless secret key capacity bound
• Leftover hashing from quantum error correction: Unifying the two approaches to the security proof of quantum key distribution

Cited by in corpus (83)

• Advances in Quantum Cryptography
• Secure quantum key distribution with realistic devices
• Quantum repeaters: From quantum networks to the quantum internet
• Sending-or-Not-Sending with Independent Lasers: Secure Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution Over 509 km
• Experimental quantum key distribution beyond the repeaterless secret key capacity
• Breaking the Rate-Loss Bound of Quantum Key Distribution with Asynchronous Two-Photon Interference
• 600 km repeater-like quantum communications with dual-band stabilisation
• Twin-field Quantum Key Distribution without Phase Post-Selection
• Surpassing the rate-transmittance linear bound of quantum key distribution
• Quantum key distribution surpassing the repeaterless rate-transmittance bound without global phase locking
• Proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of twin-field type quantum key distribution
• Beating the fundamental rate-distance limit in a proof-of-principle quantum key distribution system
• Experimental Quantum Communication Overcomes the Rate-loss Limit without Global Phase Tracking
• Coherent phase transfer for real-world twin-field quantum key distribution
• Twin-field quantum key distribution without optical frequency dissemination
• Improved results for sending-or-not-sending twin-field quantun key distribution: breaking the absolute limit of repeaterless key rate
• Measurement-Device-Independent Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution
• Universal Limitations on Quantum Key Distribution over a Network
• Machine Learning for Optimal Parameter Prediction in Quantum Key Distribution
• Conference key agreement with single-photon interference
• Tight finite-key security for twin-field quantum key distribution
• Quantum Network: Security Assessment and Key Management
• Versatile security analysis of measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
• Coherent-State-Based Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution
• Proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of twin-field quantum key distribution over optical channels with asymmetric losses
• General sending-or-not-sending twin field protocol for quantum key distribution with asymmetric source parameters
• Asymmetric sending or not-sending twin-field quantum key distribution in practice
• Symmetry-protected privacy: beating the rate-distance linear bound over a noisy channel
• Secure Quantum Secret Sharing without Signal Disturbance Monitoring
• Complex Quantum Networks: a Topical Review
• Practical decoy-state method for twin-field quantum key distribution
• Optimized protocol for twin-field quantum key distribution
• Finite-key analysis for twin-field quantum key distribution with composable security
• Zigzag approach to higher key rate of sending-or-not-sending twin field quantum key distribution with finite key effects
• Twin-field quantum digital signatures
• Asymmetric twin-field quantum key distribution
• Experiment on scalable multi-user twin-field quantum key distribution network
• Phase-Matching Quantum Cryptographic Conferencing
• Long-distance twin-field quantum key distribution with entangled sources
• Finite-key Analysis for Quantum Conference Key Agreement with Asymmetric Channels
• Field test of mode-pairing quantum key distribution
• Simple Method for Asymmetric Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution
• Advantages of Asynchronous Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution in Intercity Networks
• Practical Quantum Key Distribution Secure Against Side-Channels
• Simple security proof of coherent-one-way quantum key distribution
• Scalable High-Rate Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution Networks without Constraint of Probability and Intensity
• High key rate quantum conference key agreement with unconditional security
• Improving the performance of Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution
• Boosting quantum key distribution via the end-to-end loss control
• Reference-frame-independent design of phase-matching quantum key distribution
• Memory-assisted long-distance phase-matching quantum key distribution
• Finite-Key Analysis for Coherent One-Way Quantum Key Distribution
• Long-distance continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with post-selection
• Recent advances on quantum key distribution overcoming the linear secret key capacity bound
• Twin-field quantum key distribution with discrete-phase-randomized sources
• Numerical Method for Finite-size Security Analysis of Quantum Key Distribution
• Differential Phase Shift Quantum Secret Sharing Using a Twin Field with Asymmetric Source Intensities
• Twin-field quantum key distribution with passive-decoy state
• Sending-or-not-sending twin-filed quantum key distribution with discrete phase modulation
• Asymmetric mode-pairing quantum key distribution
• Differential phase encoded measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
• Beating direct transmission bounds for quantum key distribution with a multiple quantum memory station
• Improving the performance of twin-field quantum key distribution with advantage distillation technology
• Sending or not sending twin-field quantum key distribution with distinguishable decoy states
• Twin-field quantum key distribution with partial phase postselection
• Finite-key analysis for quantum key distribution with discrete phase randomization
• Twin-field-based multi-party quantum key agreement
• Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with classical Bob and no joint measurement
• Hacking coherent-one-way quantum key distribution with present-day technology
• Sending-or-not-sending quantum key distribution with phase postselection
• Generalized Rényi entropy accumulation theorem and generalized quantum probability estimation
• Beating the repeaterless bound with adaptive measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
• Backflash Attack on Coherent One-Way Quantum Key Distribution
• Entanglement Model for Mode-Pairing Quantum Key Distribution
• Satellite-based communication for phase-matching measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
• Source-Replacement Model for Phase-Matching Quantum Key Distribution
• Optimal supplier of single-error-type entanglement via coherent-state transmission
• Surpassing the loss-noise robustness trade-off in quantum key distribution
• Memory-corrected quantum repeaters with adaptive syndrome identification
• Reducing Network Cooling Cost Using Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution
• Adaptive Techniques in Practical Quantum Key Distribution
• Finite-key analysis for twin-field quantum key distribution based on generalized operator dominance condition
• Discrete-phase-randomized mode-pairing quantum key distribution