Identified Charged Particle Spectra and Yields in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV

Abstract

The centrality dependence of transverse momentum distributions and yields for pi^+/-, K^+/-, p and p^bar in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV at mid-rapidity are measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. We observe a clear particle mass dependence of the shapes of transverse momentum spectra in central collisions below ~ 2 GeV/c in p_T. Both mean transverse momenta and particle yields per participant pair increase from peripheral to mid-central and saturate at the most central collisions for all particle species. We also measure particle ratios of pi^-/pi^+, K^-/K^+, p^bar/p, K/pi, p/pi and p^bar/pi as a function of p_T and collision centrality. The ratios of equal mass particle yields are independent of p_T and centrality within the experimental uncertainties. In central collisions at intermediate transverse momenta ~ 1.5-4.5 GeV/c, proton and anti-proton yields constitute a significant fraction of the charged hadron production and show a scaling behavior different from that of pions.

arXiv comment325 authors, 32 pages text, 24 figures, 19 tables, RevTeX 4. To be submitted to Physical Review C as a regular article. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html

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• Enhanced production of strange baryons in high energy nuclear collisions from a multiphase transport model
• HBT search for new states of matter in A+A collisions
• The role of proton-antiproton regeneration in the late stages of heavy-ion collisions
• $\pi /K/p$ production and Cronin effect from p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV from the PHENIX experiment
• Early evolution of transversally thermalized partons
• Squeezed K^+ K^- correlations in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Baryon-antibaryon production asymmetry in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Characteristic quantities of pion-emitting sources extracted by model-independent analysis in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry in the Large Hadron Collider
• Measurement of K0S, Lambda, Antilambda production at HERA
• Centrality, transverse momentum and collision energy dependence of the Tsallis parameters in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Dissipative hydrodynamics and heavy ion collisions
• Nonprompt direct-photon production in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=200$ GeV
• A description of the pseudorapidity distributions in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies
• Recent results from BRAHMS
• Phenomenology of the little bang
• Charge-dependent directed flows in heavy-ion collisions by Boltzmann-Maxwell equations
• Dilepton production in p+p, Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at 200 AGeV
• A first estimate of $\eta /s$ in Au+Au reactions at E${}_{\mathrm{lab}}=1.23$ $A$GeV
• Dynamical freeze-out condition in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
• Elliptic and triangular flow of (anti)deuterons in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Meson spectra and m_T scaling in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at \sqrtS_NN=200 GeV
• Elliptic Flow arising from Ridges due to Semi-hard Scattering
• Elliptic flow of multi-strange baryons Xi and Omega in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
• Universal behavior of baryons and mesons transverse momentum distributions in the framework of percolation of strings
• Centrality dependence of charged antiparticle to particle ratios near mid-rapidity in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
• Thermodynamic limit and semi--intensive quantities
• Hadronization within the Non-Extensive Approach and the Evolution of the Parameters
• Interplay among the azimuthally dependent HBT radii and the elliptic flow
• Elastic energy loss with respect to the reaction plane in a Monte-Carlo model
• Constraining $\eta /s$ through high-p${}_{\perp }$ theory and data
• Is the centrality dependence of the elliptic flow $v_2$ and of the average $<p_T>$ in RHIC experiments more than a Core-Corona Effect?
• Free spectator nucleons in ultracentral relativistic heavy-ion collisions as a probe of neutron skin
• Modified Fragmentation Function from Quark Recombination
• Early anisotropic hydrodynamics and the RHIC early-thermalization and HBT puzzles
• Observables in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions from two different transport approaches for the same initial conditions
• Correlated Production of p and p^bar in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Finite hadronization time and unitarity in quark recombination model
• Nonflow "factorization" and a novel method to disentangle anisotropic flow and nonflow
• Analyzing transverse momentum spectra by a new method in high-energy collisions
• Viscosity and the Soft Ridge at RHIC
• Cross sections for meson-meson nonresonant reactions
• Constraining the equation of state with identified particle spectra
• Applications of emulation and Bayesian methods in heavy-ion physics
• Flow correlations from a hydrodynamics model with dynamical freeze-out and initial conditions based on perturbative QCD and saturation
• Imaging Freeze-out Sources and Extracting Strong Interaction Parameters in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Yield ratios of identified hadrons in p+p, p+Pb, Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
• Hydrodynamic source with continuous emission in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV
• e+e- Pairs: a clock and a thermometer of heavy ion collisions
• Yield ratio of hypertriton to light nuclei in heavy-ion collisions from $\sqrt{{\mathrm{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 4.9 GeV to 2.76 TeV
• Dynamical freeze-out criterion in a hydrodynamical description of Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV and Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2760$ GeV
• Parton recombination at all $p_T$
• Kaon and Lambda Production at Intermediate $p_T$: Insights into the Hadronization of the Bulk Partonic Matter Created in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
• Temperature-dependent cross sections for charmonium dissociation in collisions with kaons and eta mesons in hadronic matter
• Identified Particle Spectra and Jet Interactions with the Medium
• $\Delta$ resonances in Ca+Ca, Ni+Ni and Au+Au reactions from 1 AGeV to 2 AGeV: Consistency between yields, mass shifts and decoupling temperatures
• Dynamical quark recombination in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions and the proton to pion ratio
• High pT in nuclear collisions at SPS, RHIC, and LHC
• Measurements of chemical potentials in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Particle-species dependent modification of jet-induced correlations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Identified charged antiparticle to particle ratios near midrapidity in Cu+Cu collisions at sqrt(s) = 62.4 and 200 GeV
• Pion freeze-out as seen through HBT correlations in heavy ion collisions from FAIR/AGS to RHIC energies
• Baryon-antibaryon dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Interplay of the emission from thermal and direct sources in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Interferometry radii in heavy-ion collisions at 200GeV and 2.76TeV
• Measurements of ${\pi }^{\pm }$, $K^{\pm }$, $p$ and $\bar{p}$ spectra in ${}^{40}$Ar+${}^{45}$Sc collisions at 13$A$ to 150$A$ GeV/$c$
• Particle spectra and hydro-inspired models
• Lifetime estimations from RHIC Au+Au data
• Is soft physics entropy driven?
• The statistical hadronization model approach to $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV Au-Au collisions: $p_T$-spectra fits and global variable predictions
• Transverse energy per charged particle at relativistic energies from a statistical model with expansion
• Scaling p_T distributions for p and \bar{p} produced in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Relics of Minijets amid Anisotropic Flows in High-energy Heavy-ion Collisions
• Heavy Ion Physics at RHIC
• Dependence of temperatures and kinetic freeze-out volume on centrality in Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions at high energy
• High p_T Spectra of Identified Particles Produced in Pb+Pb Collisions at 158A GeV Beam Energy
• Resonance Decay Contributions to Higher-Order Anisotropic Flow Coefficients
• Distributions of Charged Hadrons Associated with High pT Particles
• Strange hadron production in a quark combination model in Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies
• Hydrodynamic description of $D$ meson production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• The influence of net-quarks on the yields and rapidity spectra of identified hadrons
• Hadron Correlations from Recombination and Fragmentation
• Evaluating Results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider with Perturbative QCD and Hydrodynamics
• Latest results from the PHOBOS experiment
• Off-equilibrium corrections to energy and conserved charge densities in the relativistic fluid in heavy-ion collisions
• Universal Formula for Baryon Spectra in Heavy-ion Collisions and its Implications
• Hydrodynamic Description of Heavy Ion Collisions
• Radiative hadronization: Photon emission at hadronization from quark-gluon plasma
• Effect of initial-state nucleon shadowing on the elliptic flow of thermal photons
• Energy loss as the origin of an universal scaling law of the elliptic flow
• Hydrodynamic extension of the two component model for hadroproduction in heavy-ion collisions
• Anomalous behavior of pion production in high energy particle collisions
• Particle Ratios and the QCD Critical Temperature
• Quark Coalescence with Quark Number Conservation and the Effect on Quark-Hadron Scaling
• Charm hadron production in relativistic heavy ion collisions within a quark combination model
• High p_T Spectra of Identified Particles Produced in Pb+Pb Collisions at 158GeV/nucleon Beam Energy
• Consequences of energy conservation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Energy dependence of transverse quark flow in heavy ion collisions
• The centrality dependence of transverse energy and charged particle multiplicity at RHIC: Statistical model analysis
• Quark charge balance function and hadronization effects in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Thermal photon to dilepton ratio in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Transverse momentum distribution with radial flow in relativistic diffusion model
• Effects of Minijets on Hadronic Spectra and Azimuthal Harmonics in Au-Au Collisions at 200 GeV
• Bulk properties and multi-particle correlations in large and small systems
• Evolution of antibaryon abundances in the early Universe and in heavy-ion collisions
• Centrality and Transverse Momentum Dependencies of Minijets and Hadrons in Au-Au Collisions
• Charmed hadron production via equal-velocity quark combination in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Strange prospects for LHC energies
• Excitation functions of related parameters from transverse momentum (mass) spectra in high energy collisions
• Midrapidity cluster formation in heavy-ion collisions
• Measurements of the nuclear modification factor and elliptic flow of $\varphi$ mesons at RHIC
• Identified charged-hadron production in $p$$+$Al, ${}^3$He$+$Au, and Cu$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=200$ GeV and in U$+$U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=193$ GeV
• High pt Measurements at the CERN SPS
• Explanation of the RHIC HBT Puzzle by a Granular Source of Quark-Gluon Plasma Droplets
• What are the early degrees of freedom in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions?
• Rapidity and Energy Dependences of Temperatures and Volume Extracted from Identified Charged Hadron Spectra in Proton-Proton Collisions at a Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS)
• Dynamical heavy-quark recombination and the non-photonic single electron puzzle at RHIC
• Jet evolution in a dense QCD medium
• Radial flow afterburner for event generators and the baryon puzzle
• Hadron Correlations and Parton Recombination
• Centrality dependence of Lévy-stable two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=200$ GeV Au$+$Au collisions
• Influence of quenched jets on di-hadron correlations
• Thermodynamic Signatures and Phase Transitions in High-Energy Au-Au Collisions
• Evidence from Identified Particles for Active Quark and Gluon Degrees of Freedom
• Nuclear system size scan for freeze-out properties in relativistic heavy-ion collisions by using a multiphase transport model
• CGC, QCD Saturation and RHIC data (Kharzeev-Levin-McLerran-Nardi point of view)
• Centrality dependence of global variables in relativistic heavy ion collisions: Final $p_T$ data analysis in the framework of a statistical model
• Jet-fluid string formation and decay in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• The effect of flow on Hadronic Spectra in an Excluded-Volume Model
• Characterizing radial flow fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at top RHIC and LHC energies
• Anti-Proton Evolution in Little Bangs and Big Bang
• Temperature dependence of cross sections for meson-meson nonresonant reactions in hadronic matter
• Anomalous suppression of ${\pi }^0$ production at large transverse momentum in Au + Au and d + Au collisions at $\sqrt{{\mathbf{s}}_{\mathbf{NN}}}=$ 200 GeV
• Strong color fields and heavy flavor production
• The pseudorapidity distributions of the produced charged particles in p-p collisions at center-of-mass energies from 23.6 to 900 GeV
• Scaling of nuclear modification factors for hadrons and light nuclei
• Spectra, elliptic flow and azimuthally sensitive HBT radii from Buda-Lund model for sqrt(s(NN)) = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions
• Parton coalescence and spacetime
• Temperature-dependent cross sections for meson-meson nonresonant reactions in hadronic matter
• Elliptic flow from event-by-event hydrodynamics
• Centrality and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}Dependenceofthe$dE_{T}/dη$and$dN_{ch}/dη$ in Heavy Ion Collisions at Mid-Rapidity
• Comparing a few distributions of transverse momenta in high energy collisions
• Low-mass dielectrons from the PHENIX experiment at RHIC
• Chemical Equilibration and Transport Properties of Hadronic Matter near $T_c$
• A description of pseudorapidity distributions in p-p collisions at center-of-mass energy from 23.6 to 900 GeV
• Two-pion interferometry for the granular sources in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
• Particles Associated with Omega Produced at Intermediate p_T
• How to Make Sense of the Jet Correlations Results at RHIC?
• Does interferometry probe thermalization?
• Particle species and energy dependencies of freeze-out parameters in high-energy proton-proton collisions
• QGP and Modified Jet Fragmentation
• Proton and pion transverse spectra at RHIC from radial flow and finite size effects
• Successes and failures with hard probes
• Collisional parton energy loss in a finite size QCD medium revisited: Off mass-shell effects
• Chemical potentials of light hadrons and quarks from yield ratios of negative to positive particles in high energy $pp$ collisions
• Fluctuations of pion flow harmonics and HBT correlation functions in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
• Describing transverse dynamics and space-time evolution at RHIC in a hydrodynamic model with statistical hadronization
• Scaling properties of spectra in new exact solutions of rotating, multi-component fireball hydrodynamics
• Energy dependent chemical potentials of light particles and quarks from yield ratios of antiparticles to particles in high energy collisions
• Identified Hadron Spectra From pp, dA and AA collisions
• Temperature fluctuations and Tsallis statistics in Relativistic Heavy Ion collisions
• Energy dependent chemical potentials of light hadrons and quarks based on transverse momentum spectra and yield ratios of negative to positive particles
• Energy dependence of hadron spectra and yields in p+p and ${}^7$Be+${}^9$Be collisions from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS
• Universal geometrical scaling of the elliptic flow
• Centrality dependence of strangeness and (anti)hyperon production at BNL RHIC
• Comparing effective temperatures in standard, Tsallis, and q-dual statistics from transverse momentum spectra of identified light charged hadrons produced in gold--gold collisions at RHIC energies
• Energy and centrality dependence of particle production at very low transverse momenta in Au+Au collisions
• Quark Matter 2006: high-pT and jets
• Equation of state of strongly interacting matter: spectra for thermal particles and intensity correlation of thermal photons
• Transverse hydrodynamics with sudden hadronization -- production of strangeness
• Effect of color reconnection on multiplicity dependent charged particle production in Pythia-generated $pp$ collisions at the LHC energies
• Particle Production and Deconfinement Threshold
• Excitation functions of baryon anomaly and freeze-out properties at RHIC-PHENIX
• Using the non-hydrodynamic mode to study the onset of hydrodynamic behavior in ultraperipheral symmetric nuclear collisions
• Identified Particle Jet Correlations from PHENIX
• Finite size effects on pion spectra in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• On Productions of Net-baryons in Central Au-Au Collisions at RHIC Energies
• Antiparticle to particle ratios and identified hadron spectra in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions
• Signatures of an $\alpha$ + core structure in ${}^{44}$Ti + ${}^{44}$Ti collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV by a multiphase transport model
• Hadronization Approach for a Quark-Gluon Plasma Formed in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Thermal Radiation from Heavy Ion Collisions at RHIC
• Identified particle correlation studies in central Au + Au collisions at sqrt(S)= 200 GeV
• Quantification of the low-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ pion excess in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC and top RHIC energy
• Event patterns from negative pion spectra in proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions at SPS
• Chemical potentials of light flavor quarks from yield ratios of negative to positive particles in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Extracting strange quark freeze-out information in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=2.76 TeV from $\varphi$ and $\Omega$ production
• System size and shape dependences of collective flow fluctuations in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Light particle and quark chemical potentials from negatively to positively charged particle yield ratios corrected by removing strong and weak decays
• Measurement of the production of (anti)nuclei in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=8.16$ TeV
• Fast simulation of flow effects in central and semi-central heavy ion collisions at LHC
• Hadron Production in the Trans-fragmentation Region in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Squeezed spectra of bosons and antibosons with different in-medium masses
• Strangeness and heavy flavor at RHIC: Recent results from PHENIX
• Two freeze-out model for the hadrons produced in the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Centrality dependence of $p_T$ spectra for identified hadrons in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV
• Effect of Light Nuclei on Chemical Freeze-out Parameters at RHIC Energies
• Search for the onset of baryon anomaly at RHIC-PHENIX
• Bremsstrahlung photon from a hadronizing quark-gluon plasma
• Properties of the partonic phase at RHIC within PHSD
• Results on system size dependence of strangeness production in the CERN SPS energy range from NA61/SHINE
• Event patterns (particle scatter plots) extracted from charged particle spectra in $pp$ and Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV
• Influence of finite baryon density on hadronization in nucleus-nucleus collisions via recombination
• Hydrokinetic predictions for femtoscopy scales in A+A collisions in the light of recent ALICE LHC results
• Stopping and Baryon Transport in Heavy Ion Reactions
• The transverse energy per charged particle estimates in the framework of a statistical model
• Particle production at very low and intermediate transverse momenta in d+Au and Au+Au collisions
• Light-front wavefunction dependence of the quark recombination
• Single Particle Probes of d+Au Collisions in PHENIX
• Charm- and Bottom-Quark Production in Au$+$Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV
• Collective dynamics of the fireball
• Measurability of phi, omega and rho mesons via di-electron decays in high-temperature states produced in heavy-ion collisions
• Generalized binomial transform applied to the divergent series
• Hadronization of Dense Partonic Matter
• Effects of bulk viscosity on hadron spectra and Hanbury-Brown Twiss radius by the causal viscous hydrodynamics
• Interferometry search for new forms of matter in A+A collisions
• Jet Correlations with Identified Particles from PHENIX: Methods and Results
• Hadron Correlation in Jets
• Transverse hydrodynamics and the early-thermalization problem at RHIC
• Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions: Viscous Hydrodynamic Simulations and Final State Interactions
• Pion transverse-momentum spectrum, elliptic flow, and Hanbury-Brown-Twiss interferometry in a viscous granular source model
• From Leading Hadron Suppression to Jet Quenching at RHIC and at the LHC
• On Extracting Thermal Parameters and Scenario in High-Energy Collisions
• Scaling properties of azimuthal anisotropy of mesons and baryons at RHIC
• Dissipative hydrodynamic effects on the quark-gluon plasma at finite baryon density
• Elliptic flow from event-by-event hydrodynamics with fluctuating initial state
• Hadron Production at Intermediate $p_T$ at RHIC
• Bulk quantities in nuclear collisions from running coupling $k_T$-factorization and hybrid simulations
• Role of quark-interchange processes in evolution of mesonic matter
• Limiting soft particle emission in e+e-, hadronic and nuclear collisions
• Thermodynamic and hydrodynamic characteristics of interacting system formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Identified Particle Production in p+p, d+Au, and Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
• Neural network enhanced Bayesian global analysis of relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Energy Loss and Flavor Dynamics from Single Particle Measurements in PHENIX
• Jets and Jet-like correlations in STAR
• Harmonic flow correlations in Au+Au reactions at 1.23 AGeV: A new testing ground for the Equation-of-State and expansion geometry
• Status of Strangeness-Flavor Signature of QGP
• The QGP phase in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• A combined model for the pseudorapidity distributions in p-p collisions at center-of-mass energies from 23.6 to 7000 GeV
• $J/\psi$ production and elliptic flow parameter $v_2$ at LHC energy
• Bulk viscosity, chemical equilibration and flow at RHIC
• Transverse energy and charged particle multiplicity at various centralities at RHIC: Statistical model estimates
• Studying Jets with Identified Particles in PHENIX
• Strangeness and the discovery of quark-gluon plasma
• Lattice QCD and Hydro/Cascade Model of Heavy Ion Collisions
• Fluctuations from Thermalization at RHIC
• New results and perspectives on R_{AA} measurements below 20 GeV CM-energy at fixed target machines
• Comment on "Evaluation of kinetic freeze-out properties in different relativistic heavy-ion collision systems at \sqrtsNN = 200 GeV'' (Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2025) 140:179) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06119-0
• Testing of coalescence mechanism in high energy heavy ion collisions using two-particle correlations with identified particle trigger
• Resolutions of Several Puzzles at Intermediate $p_T$ and Recent Developments in Correlation
• Parton-hadron dynamics in heavy-ion collisions
• Evolution of the concept of Quark Matter: the Ianus face of the heavy ion collisions
• Quantifying the Quark Gluon Plasma
• Free Quarks and Antiquarks versus Hadronic Matter
• Correlations at intermediate $p_T$
• Modeling Quark Gluon Plasma Using CHIMERA
• Partonic transport model application to heavy flavor
• Longitudinal Dynamics of Large and Small Systems from a 3D Bayesian Calibration of RHIC Top-energy Collision Data
• Correlations in STAR: interferometry and event structure
• A Data-Guided Coalescence Model for Light Nuclei and Hypernuclei Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=3$--200 GeV
• A description of pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles produced in Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies
• A hint at quark deconfinement in 200 GeV Au+Au data at RHIC
• Energy independent scaling of ridge and final state description of high multiplicity p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 13 TeV
• Hadroproduction in heavy-ion collisions
• From RHIC to LHC
• Particle distribution and nuclear stopping in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV
• A global description of heavy-ion collisions
• Production of J/$\Psi$-Particles at RHIC and LHC energies: An Alternative `Psi'-chology
• Early dynamics of transversally thermalized matter
• Dual Interpretations of Pion Clouds at RHIC
• Proton/Pion ratios in Δϕwith respect to a jet in sqrt{s_{NN}} =200 GeV Au+Au collisions at STAR
• Centrality dependence of low-momentum direct-photon production in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=200$ GeV
• Next-to-leading order improved perturbative QCD + saturation + hydrodynamics model for A+A collisions
• How to Measure Specific Heat Using Event-by-Event Average $p_T$ Fluctuations
• Analysis of kinetic freeze out temperature and transverse flow velocity in nucleus-nucleus and proton-proton collisions at same center of mass energy