Antimatter ${}_{\Lambda }^4$H Hypernucleus Production and the ${}_{\Lambda }^3$H/${}^3$He Puzzle in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Abstract

We show that the measured yield ratio ${}_{\Lambda }^3$H/${}^3$He (${}_{\overline{\Lambda }}^3\overline{\text{H}}$/${}^3\overline{\text{He}}$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV and in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV can be understood within a covariant coalescence model if (anti-)$\Lambda$ particles freeze out earlier than (anti-)nucleons but their relative freezeout time is closer at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV than at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. The earlier (anti-)$\Lambda$ freezeout can significantly enhance the yield of (anti)hypernucleus ${}_{\Lambda }^4$H (${}_{\overline{\Lambda }}^4\overline{\text{H}}$), leading to that ${}_{\overline{\Lambda }}^4\overline{\text{H}}$ has a comparable abundance with ${}^4\overline{\text{He}}$ and thus provides an easily measured antimatter candidate heavier than ${}^4\overline{\text{He}}$. The future measurement on ${}_{\Lambda }^4$H (${}_{\overline{\Lambda }}^4\overline{\text{H}}$) would be very useful to understand the (anti-)$\Lambda$ freezeout dynamics and the production mechanism of (anti)hypernuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

7 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Significantly expanded to include some details and discussions. Accepted version to appear in PRC

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Cited by in corpus (20)

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• Spectra and flow of light nuclei in relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC
• QM2017: Status and Key open Questions in Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Physics
• Multiplicity Scaling of Light Nuclei Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Analytical coalescence formula for particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Production of light nuclei at colliders -- coalescence vs. thermal model
• ${}^4\mathrm{He}$ vs. ${}^4\mathrm{Li}$ and production of light nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Production of ${}^4\mathrm{Li}$ and $p-{}^3\mathrm{He}$ correlation function in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Elliptic flows of light nuclei
• Observation of the Antimatter Hypernucleus ${}_{\bar{\Lambda }}^4\overline{H}$
• Yield ratio of hypertriton to light nuclei in heavy-ion collisions from $\sqrt{{\mathrm{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 4.9 GeV to 2.76 TeV
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• Collision centrality and system size dependences of light nuclei production via dynamical coalescence mechanism
• Predictions for production of ${}_{\mathrm{\Lambda }}^3\mathrm{H}$ and ${}_{\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}}^3\overline{\mathrm{H}}$ in isobaric ${}_{44}^{96}$Ru+${}_{44}^{96}$Ru and ${}_{40}^{96}$Zr+${}_{40}^{96}$Zr collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV
• Resolution of hyper-triton chemical freeze-out puzzle in high energy nuclear collisions
• Extracting strange quark freeze-out information in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=2.76 TeV from $\varphi$ and $\Omega$ production