Effect of Light Nuclei on Chemical Freeze-out Parameters at RHIC Energies

Abstract

In this study, the chemical freeze-out of hadrons, including light-and strange-flavor particles and light nuclei, produced in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), was investigated. Using the thermal-FIST thermodynamic statistical model, we analyzed various particle sets: those inclusive of light nuclei, those exclusive to light nuclei, and those solely comprising light nuclei. We determined the chemical freeze-out parameters at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=$ 7.7--200 GeV and four different centralities. A significant finding was the decrease in the chemical freeze-out temperature $T_{\text{ch}}$ with light nuclei inclusion, with an even more pronounced reduction when considering light nuclei yields exclusively. This suggests that light nuclei formation occurs at a later stage in the system's evolution at RHIC energies. We present parameterized formulas that describe the energy dependence of $T_{\text{ch}}$ and the baryon chemical potential ${\mu }_B$ for three distinct particle sets in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies. Our results reveal at least three distinct $T_{\text{ch}}$ at RHIC energies correspond to different freeze-out hypersurfaces: a light-flavor freeze-out temperature of $T_L$ = 150.2$\pm$6 MeV, a strange-flavor freeze-out temperature $T_s$ = 165.1$\pm$2.7 MeV, and a light-nuclei freeze-out temperature $T_{\text{ln}}$ = 141.7$\pm$1.4 MeV. Notably, at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Pb+Pb 2.76 TeV, the expected lower freeze-out temperature for light nuclei was not observed; instead, the $T_{\text{ch}}$ for light nuclei was found to be approximately 10 MeV higher than that for light-flavor hadrons.

arXiv comment9 pages, 6 figures

References in corpus (36)

• Experimental and Theoretical Challenges in the Search for the Quark Gluon Plasma: The STAR Collaboration's Critical Assessment of the Evidence from RHIC Collisions
• Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration
• Quark Gluon Plasma an Color Glass Condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment
• The PHOBOS Perspective on Discoveries at RHIC
• Systematic Measurements of Identified Particle Spectra in pp, d+Au and Au+Au Collisions from STAR
• Is there still any Tc mystery in lattice QCD? Results with physical masses in the continuum limit III
• Identified Charged Particle Spectra and Yields in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Decoding the phase structure of QCD via particle production at high energy
• Bulk Properties of the Medium Produced in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the Beam Energy Scan Program
• Thermal hadron production in relativistic nuclear collisions: the hadron mass spectrum, the horn, and the QCD phase transition
• Search for the QCD Critical Point with Fluctuations of Conserved Quantities in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC : An Overview
• Production of light nuclei, hypernuclei and their antiparticles in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Thermal and Hadrochemical Equilibration in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at the SPS
• Coalescence and flow in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Production of light nuclei and anti-nuclei in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies
• Evidence of early multi-strange hadron freeze-out in high energy nuclear collisions
• Thermal-FIST: A package for heavy-ion collisions and hadronic equation of state
• Antinuclei in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Strangeness Enhancement in Cu+Cu and Au+Au Collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV
• Antimatter production in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies
• Strange hadron production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV
• Deuterons at LHC: "snowballs in hell" via hydrodynamics and hadronic afterburner
• Light nuclei production as a probe of the QCD phase diagram
• Strange and Multi-strange Particle Production in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV
• Beam energy dependence of (anti-)deuteron production in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Beam Energy Dependence of Jet-Quenching Effects in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV
• Finite resonance widths influence the thermal-model description of hadron yields
• Beam Energy Dependence of Triton Production and Yield Ratio (${\mathrm{N}}_t\times {\mathrm{N}}_p/{\mathrm{N}}_d^2$) in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
• Bulk Properties of the System Formed in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 14.5 GeV
• Multiplicity Scaling of Light Nuclei Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Effects of a phase transition on two-pion interferometry in heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.4-7.7$ GeV
• Flavour and Energy Dependence of Chemical Freeze-out Temperatures in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions from RHIC-BES to LHC Energies
• Light (anti)nuclei production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Contrasting Freezeouts in Large Versus Small Systems
• Measurements of chemical potentials in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Proton and deuteron distributions as signatures for collective particle dynamics and event shape geometries at the RHIC

Cited by in corpus (2)

• Reconstructing rare particle source by femtoscopic correlations
• Flavour-Dependent Chemical Freeze-Out of Light Nuclei in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions