Star clusters near and far; tracing star formation across cosmic time

Abstract

Star clusters are fundamental units of stellar feedback and unique tracers of their host galactic properties. In this review, we will first focus on their constituents, i.e.\ detailed insight into their stellar populations and their surrounding ionised, warm, neutral, and molecular gas. We, then, move beyond the Local Group to review star cluster populations at various evolutionary stages, and in diverse galactic environmental conditions accessible in the local Universe. At high redshift, where conditions for cluster formation and evolution are more extreme, we are only able to observe the integrated light of a handful of objects that we believe will become globular clusters. We therefore discuss how numerical and analytical methods, informed by the observed properties of cluster populations in the local Universe, are used to develop sophisticated simulations potentially capable of disentangling the genetic map of galaxy formation and assembly that is carried by globular cluster populations.

arXiv commentFinal published version. 61 pages, 10 figures. To appear in Space Science Reviews (submitted January 31, 2020; accepted May 8, 2020), topical collection Star formation

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• Comparing the Locations of Supernovae to CO (2-1) Emission in their Host Galaxies
• X-ray emission from Westerlund 2 detected by SRG/ART-XC and Chandra: search for radiation of TeV leptons
• On the Origin of the High Star-Formation Efficiency in Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn
• The physics governing the upper truncation mass of the globular cluster mass function
• The z = 9.625 Cosmic Gems Galaxy was a "Compact Blue Monster" Propelled by Massive Star Clusters
• Ages and Masses of Star Clusters in M33: a Multi-wavelength Study
• Star Cluster Formation and Evolution in M101: An Investigation with the Legacy Extragalactic UV Survey
• Initial sizes of star clusters: implications for cluster dissolution during galaxy evolution
• The internal line-of-sight kinematics of NGC 346: the rotation of the core region
• ALMAGAL VI. The spatial distribution of dense cores during the evolution of cluster-forming massive clump
• The Initial Properties of Young Star Clusters in M83
• The metal-poor dwarf irregular galaxy candidate next to Mrk 1172
• A two-phase model of galaxy formation: III. The formation of globular clusters
• Very-wide-orbit planets from dynamical instabilities during the stellar birth cluster phase
• Detection of Gravitational Redshift in Open Cluster non-degenerate stars
• PAH Marks the Spot: Digging for Buried Clusters in Nearby Star-forming Galaxies
• The Young Stellar Population, Distance, and Cloud-Cloud Collision Induced Star Formation Scenario of the Trifid Nebula
• Galactic properties that favour star cluster formation: a statistical view
• MUSE observations of the blue compact dwarf galaxy Haro 14. Data analysis and first results on morphology and stellar populations
• Cosmic wallflowers: the circumgalactic origins of isolated ultra-compact star clusters at $z>7$
• The stellar content of H72.97-69.39, a potential super star cluster in the making
• The Phoenix stellar stream rose from the ashes of an ancient star cluster
• Clusters, Clumps, Dust, & Gas (CCDG) in NGC1614: Bench-marking Cluster Demographics in Extreme Systems
• Catalog of Integrated-Light Star Cluster Light Curves in TESS
• FROST-CLUSTERS -- III. Metallicity-dependent intermediate mass black hole formation by runaway collisions in dense star clusters
• Deriving physical parameters of unresolved star clusters. VIII. Limits of aperture photometry for star cluster studies
• Dynamical evolution of massless particles in star clusters with NBODY6++GPU-MASSLESS: II. The long-term evolution of free-floating comets
• Massive star clusters and clumps in the collisional ring galaxy Arp 147
• Environmental Effects on the Dynamical Evolution of Star Clusters in Turbulent Molecular Clouds
• PHANGS-MUSE: the HII region luminosity function of local star-forming galaxies
• Investigating the formation channel of GW231123: Population III stars or hierarchical mergers?
• Evidence for Environmental Stripping in the Coma Cluster
• Imladris: a detailed and flexible model for galaxy simulations with individual stars
• Influence of protostellar jets and HII regions on the formation and evolution of stellar clusters
• Shells and bubbles around compact clusters of massive stars: 3D MHD simulations
• Stellar Feedback Effects on the Mass Distribution of Clouds and Cloud Complexes
• Deriving physical parameters of unresolved star clusters. IX. Sky background effects in the aperture photometry