Revisiting nucleosynthesis in globular clusters: the case of NGC 2808 and the role of He and K

Abstract

Motivated by recent reports concerning the observation of limited enrichment in He but excess K in stars of globular clusters, we revisit the H-burning conditions that lead to the chemical properties of multiple stellar populations in these systems. In particular, we are interested in correlations of He and K with other elements, like O, Na, Al, Mg and Si, reported in stars of NGC 2808. We perform calculations of nucleosynthesis at constant temperature and density, exploring the temperature range of 25 to 200 10${}^6$ K (25 to 200 MK), using a detailed nuclear reaction network and the most up-to-date nuclear reaction rates. We find that Mg is the most sensitive "thermometer" of hydrostatic H-burning conditions, pointing to a temperature range of 70-80 MK for NGC~2808, while He is a lesser - but not negligible - constraint. K can be produced at the levels reported for NGC 2808 at temperatures $>$180 MK and Si at T$>$80 MK. However, in the former temperature range Al and Na are totally destroyed and no correlation can be obtained, in contrast to the reported observations. None of the putative polluter sources proposed so far seem to satisfy the ensemble of nucleosynthesis constraints.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (120)

• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Giant Planets, Oscillations, Rotation, and Massive Stars
• Multiple populations in globular clusters. Lessons learned from the Milky Way globular clusters
• Na-O Anticorrelation and HB. VII. The chemical composition of first and second-generation stars in 15 globular clusters from GIRAFFE spectra
• Updated stellar yields from Asymptotic Giant Branch models
• Fast rotating massive stars and the origin of the abundance patterns in galactic globular clusters
• A Triple Main Sequence in the Globular Cluster NGC 2808
• An Extended Grid of Nova Models: II. The Parameter Space of Nova Outbursts
• Properties of stellar generations in Globular Clusters and relations with global parameters
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. I. Overview of the Project and Detection of Multiple Stellar Populations
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. IX. The Atlas of Multiple Stellar Populations
• Predictions for self-pollution in globular cluster stars
• Metallicities on the Double Main Sequence of omega Centauri Imply Large Helium Enhancement
• Massive binaries as the source of abundance anomalies in globular clusters
• Spectroscopic and Photometric evidence of two stellar populations in the Galactic Globular Cluster NGC6121 (M4)
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. V. Constraints on Formation Scenarios
• A helium spread among the main sequence stars in NGC 2808
• Stellar Models and Yields of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
• Super-Massive Stars as a Source of Abundance Anomalies of Proton-Capture Elements in Globular Clusters
• Early Disc Accretion as the Origin of Abundance Anomalies in Globular Clusters
• Yields of AGB and SAGB models with chemistry of low- and high-metallicity Globular Clusters
• Star-to-Star Abundance Variations among Bright Giants in the Mildly Metal-Poor Globular Cluster M4
• Charged-Particle Thermonuclear Reaction Rates: II. Tables and Graphs of Reaction Rates and Probability Density Functions
• Solar System Abundances of the Elements
• The early evolution of Globular Clusters: the case of NGC 2808
• Signatures of intrinsic Li depletion and Li-Na anti-correlation in the metal-poor globular cluster NGC6397
• Multiple stellar populations in 47 Tucanae
• On the self-enrichment scenario of galactic globular clusters: Constraints on the IMF
• The second and third parameters of the Horizontal Branch in Globular Clusters
• Abundances in a Large Sample of Stars in M3 and M13
• Origin of the abundance patterns in Galactic globular clusters: constraints on dynamical and chemical properties of globular clusters
• Chemical abundance analysis of the Open Clusters Cr110, NGC2099 (M37), NGC2420, NGC7789 and M67 (NGC2682)
• Super Helium-Rich Population and the Origin of Extreme Horizontal-Branch Stars in Globular Clusters
• STARLIB: A Next-Generation Reaction-Rate Library for Nuclear Astrophysics
• The two metallicity groups of the globular cluster M22: a chemical perspective
• Super and Massive AGB Stars: II - Nucleosynthesis and Yields - Z=0.02, 0.008 and 0.004
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. III. A quintuple stellar population in NGC2808
• Evolution of the Milky Way with radial motions of stars and gas I. The solar neighborhood and the thin and thick disk
• A WFC3/HST view of the three stellar populations in the Globular Cluster NGC6752
• Nucleosynthesis of light elements inside thermally pulsing AGB stars I: the case of intermediate-mass stars
• A unique model for the variety of multiple populations formation(s) in globular clusters: a temporal sequence
• Abundances of C, N, O in slightly evolved stars in the globular clusters NGC 6397, NGC 6752 and 47 Tuc
• News from the Galactic suburbia: the chemical composition of the remote globular cluster NGC 2419
• Pal 12 As A Part of the Sgr Stream; the Evidence From Abundance Ratios
• Light nuclei in galactic globular clusters : constraints on the self-enrichment scenario from nucleosynthesis
• Helium enhanced stars and multiple populations along the horizontal branch of NGC2808: direct spectroscopic measurements
• Observational evidence for a broken Li Spite plateau and mass-dependent Li depletion
• The Gaia-ESO Survey. Mg-Al anti-correlation in iDR4 globular clusters
• Ruprecht 106: the first single population Globular Cluster?
• Nitrogen abundances in giant stars of the globular cluster NGC 6752
• Superbubble dynamics in globular cluster infancy II. Consequences for secondary star formation in the context of self-enrichment via fast rotating massive stars
• NGC 6441: another indication for a very high helium content in Globular Cluster stars
• The Bizarre Chemical Inventory of NGC 2419, An Extreme Outer Halo Globular Cluster
• A General Abundance Problem for All Self-Enrichment Scenarios for the Origin of Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters
• The Lithium Content of the Galactic Halo Stars
• A large C+N+O abundance spread in giant stars of the globular cluster NGC 1851
• Abundance Analysis of Turn-Off and Early Subgiant Stars in the Globular Cluster 47 Tuc (NGC 104)
• Age as a Major Factor in the Onset of Multiple Populations in Stellar Clusters
• Abundances in red giant stars of NGC 2808 and correlations between chemical anomalies and global parameters in globular clusters
• The Peculiar Horizontal Branch Morphology of the Galactic Globular Clusters NGC 6388 and NGC 6441: new insights from UV observations
• Five groups of red giants with distinct chemical composition in the globular cluster NGC 2808
• Global and non-global parameters of horizontal branch morphology of globular clusters
• The Initial Helium Abundance of the Galactic Globular Cluster System
• Fluorine Abundance Variations in Red Giants of the Globular Cluster M4 and Early-Cluster Chemical Pollution
• The peculiar Horizontal Branch of NGC 2808
• A Double Main Sequence in the Globular Cluster NGC 6397
• Gas expulsion in massive star clusters? Constraints from observations of young and gas-free objects
• A new imprint of fast rotators: low 12C/13C ratios in extremely metal-poor halo stars
• Measuring Consistent Masses for 25 Milky Way Globular Clusters
• On the Origin of the High Helium Sequence in $\omega$ Centauri
• The Abundance Evolution of Oxygen, Sodium and Magnesium in Extremely Metal-Poor Intermediate Mass Stars: Implications for the Self-Polution Scenario in Globular Clusters
• Measuring helium abundance difference in giants of NGC 2808
• The Search for Multiple Populations in Magellanic Cloud Clusters II: The Detection of Multiple Populations in Three Intermediate-Age SMC Clusters
• Hubble Space Telescope Observations of an Outer Field in Omega Centauri: A Definitive Helium Abundance
• Searching for multiple stellar populations in the massive, old open cluster Berkeley 39
• The role of super-asymptotic giant branch ejecta in the abundance patterns of multiple populations in globular clusters
• Luminosity and mass functions of the three main sequences of the globular cluster NGC 2808
• Helium and Multiple Populations in the Massive Globular Cluster NGC6266 (M62)
• The State-of-the-Art HST Astro-Photometric Analysis of the core of ωCentauri. III. The Main Sequence's Multiple Populations Galore
• The Search for Multiple Populations in Magellanic Cloud Clusters III: No evidence for Multiple Populations in the SMC cluster NGC 419
• The Chemical Evolution of Helium in Globular Clusters: Implications for the Self-Pollution Scenario
• The Unique Na:O Abundance Distribution in NGC 6791: The First Open(?) Cluster with Multiple Populations
• Searching for Chemical Signatures of Multiple Stellar Populations in the Old, Massive Open Cluster NGC 6791
• The primordial and evolutionary abundance variations in globular-cluster stars: a problem with two unknowns
• Super AGB and AGB evolution and the chemical inventory in NGC 2419
• MESA and NuGrid simulations of classical novae: CO and ONe nova nucleosynthesis
• NGC 2419: a large and extreme second generation in a currently undisturbed cluster
• The Search for Multiple Populations in Magellanic Cloud Clusters I: Two Stellar Populations in the Small Magellanic Cloud Globular Cluster NGC 121
• The Peculiar Chemical Inventory of NGC 2419 -- An Extreme Outer Halo "Globular Cluster"
• CNO enrichment by rotating AGB stars in globular clusters
• Direct Evaluation of the Helium Abundances in Omega Centauri
• Lithium and proton-capture elements in Globular Cluster dwarfs: the case of 47 Tuc
• Potassium: a new actor on the globular cluster chemical evolution stage. The case of NGC 2808
• Helium in first and second-generation stars in Globular Clusters from spectroscopy of red giants
• Evidence for multiple populations in the intermediate age cluster Lindsay 1 in the SMC
• O and Na abundance patterns in open clusters of the Galactic disk
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. IV. Helium content and relative age of multiple stellar populations within NGC 6352
• Three discrete groups with homogeneous chemistry along the red giant branch in the globular cluster NGC 2808
• Multi-wavelength Hubble Space Telescope photometry of stellar populations in NGC288
• Evolution of long-lived globular cluster stars III. Effect of the initial helium spread on the position of stars in a synthetic Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
• Chemical abundances in the multiple sub-giant branch of 47 Tucanae: insights on its faint sub-giant branch component
• Evidence of AGB pollution in Galactic globular clusters from the Mg-Al anticorrelations observed by the APOGEE survey
• The Hottest Horizontal-Branch Stars in omega Centauri - Late Hot Flasher vs. Helium Enrichment
• Multiple stellar populations and their evolution in globular clusters: A nucleosynthesis perspective
• Potassium in globular cluster stars: comparing normal clusters to the peculiar cluster NGC 2419
• On Potassium and Other Abundance Anomalies of Red Giants in NGC 2419
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. VIII. Preliminary Public Catalog Release
• The fraction of first and second generation stars in globular clusters. I The case of NGC 6752
• On the missing second generation AGB stars in NGC6752
• The Potassium abundance in the globular clusters NGC104, NGC6752 and NGC6809
• Two distinct red giant branch populations in the globular cluster NGC 2419 as tracers of a merger event in the Milky Way
• Sodium abundances of AGB and RGB stars in galactic globular clusters I. Analysis and results of NGC 2808
• Evolution of long-lived globular cluster stars I. Grid of stellar models with helium enhancement at [Fe/H] = -1.75
• Why the globular cluster NGC 6752 contains no sodium-rich second-generation AGB star
• An HST/WFC3 view of stellar populations on the Horizontal Branch of NGC 2419
• Abundances of Na, Mg, and K in the atmospheres of red giant branch stars of Galactic globular cluster 47 Tucanae
• Are there any first-generation stars in globular clusters today?
• Evolution of long-lived globular cluster stars. II. Sodium abundance variations on the asymptotic giant branch as a function of globular cluster age and metallicity
• Lithium and oxygen in globular cluster dwarfs and the early disc accretion scenario
• Young Massive Clusters: Their Population Properties, Formation and Evolution, and Their Relation to the Ancient Globular Clusters

Cited by in corpus (46)

• Multiple Stellar Populations in Globular Clusters
• What is a globular cluster? An observational perspective
• Concurrent formation of supermassive stars and globular clusters: implications for early self-enrichment
• From dawn till disk: Milky Way's turbulent youth revealed by the APOGEE+Gaia data
• Star clusters near and far; tracing star formation across cosmic time
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. XIX. A Chemical Tagging of the Multiple Stellar Populations Over the Chromosome Maps
• The Physics of Star Cluster Formation and Evolution
• N-enhancement in GN-z11: First evidence for supermassive stars nucleosynthesis in proto-globular clusters-like conditions at high redshift ?
• Extreme N-emitters at high-redshift: signatures of supermassive stars and globular cluster or black hole formation in action?
• A homogeneous analysis of globular clusters from the APOGEE survey with the BACCHUS code. I. The Northern clusters
• The possible role of stellar mergers for the formation of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters
• Multiple channels for nitrogen pollution by metal enriched supermassive stars and implications for GN-z11
• Aluminium abundances in five discrete stellar populations of the globular cluster NGC 2808
• Four stellar populations and extreme helium variation in the massive outer-halo globular cluster NGC 2419
• Fast-rotating massive Population~III stars as possible sources of extreme N-enrichment in high-redshift galaxies
• Jurassic: A Chemically Anomalous Structure in the Galactic Halo
• Spectral properties and detectability of supermassive stars in protoglobular clusters at high redshift
• On the Origin of Multiple Populations During Massive Star Cluster Formation
• MgAl burning chain in Omega Centauri
• Star clusters forming in a low metallicity starburst -- rapid self-enrichment by (very) massive stars
• Observing multiple populations in globular clusters with the ESO archive: NGC 6388 reloaded
• r-process Abundance Patterns in the Globular Cluster M92
• Excess of Ca (and Sc) produced in globular cluster multiple populations: a first census in 77 Galactic globular clusters
• Light Element Discontinuities Suggest an Early Termination of Star Formation in the Globular Cluster NGC 6402 (M14)
• Constant light element abundances suggest that the extended P1 in NGC 2808 is not a consequence of CNO-cycle nucleosynthesis
• A chromosome map to unveil stellar populations with different magnesium abundances. The case of Omega Centauri
• The Mg-K anti-correlation in Omega Centauri
• Chemistry of multiple stellar populations in the mono-metallic, in situ, bulge globular cluster NGC 6388
• Accretion of sub-stellar companions as the origin of chemical abundance inhomogeneities in globular clusters
• HST observations of the globular cluster NGC 6402 (M14) and its peculiar multiple populations
• The earliest phases of CNO enrichment in galaxies
• Impact of a companion and of chromospheric emission on the shape of chromosome maps for globular clusters
• On the discovery of K-enhanced and possibly Mg-depleted stars throughout the Milky Way
• Collision-induced mass loss and mass gain on an extremely massive star. An analytical approach and a static proto-globular cluster test-case
• Globular cluster chemistry in fast rotating dwarf stars belonging to intermediate age open clusters
• Discrepancies between spectroscopy and HST photometry in tagging multiple stellar populations in 22 globular clusters
• NGC 6388 reloaded: some like it hot, but not too much
• On the maximum helium content of multiple populations in the globular cluster NGC6752
• New Constraints on Sodium Production in Globular Clusters From the ${}^{23}$Na${(}^3$He$,\text{d}{)}^{24}$Mg Reaction
• Could kilomasers pinpoint supermassive stars?
• Abundance of zinc in the red giants of Galactic globular cluster 47 Tucanae
• Search strategies for supermassive stars in young clusters and application to nearby galaxies
• Testing the sources of the peculiar abundances in globular clusters
• Synthetic photometry of globular clusters: Uncertainties on synthetic colors
• Homogenous abundances of Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti for about 1500 red giants in 16 globular clusters from FLAMES spectra
• Calcium Excess in Novae: Beyond Nuclear Physics Uncertainties