The Search for Multiple Populations in Magellanic Cloud Clusters III: No evidence for Multiple Populations in the SMC cluster NGC 419

Abstract

We present the third paper about our ongoing HST survey for the search for multiple stellar populations (MPs) within Magellanic Cloud clusters. We report here the analysis of NGC 419, a $\sim 1.5$ Gyr old, massive ($\gtrsim 2\times 10^5{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) star cluster in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). By comparing our photometric data with stellar isochrones, we set a limit on [N/Fe] enhancement of $\lesssim$+0.5 dex and hence we find that no MPs are detected in this cluster. This is surprising because, in the first two papers of this series, we found evidence for MPs in 4 other SMC clusters (NGC 121; Lindsay 1, NGC 339, NGC 416), aged from 6 Gyr up to $\sim 10-11$ Gyr. This finding raises the question whether age could play a major role in the MPs phenomenon. Additionally, our results appear to exclude mass or environment as the only key factors regulating the existence of a chemical enrichment, since all clusters studied so far in this survey are equally massive ($\sim 1-2\times 10^5{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) and no particular patterns are found when looking at their spatial distribution in the SMC.

MNRAS, accepted. 9 pages, 7 figures

References in corpus (47)

• The chemical composition of the Sun
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I: Solar-Scaled Models
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) 0: Methods for the construction of stellar isochrones
• Extragalactic Globular Clusters and Galaxy Formation
• Multiple populations in globular clusters. Lessons learned from the Milky Way globular clusters
• Dynamical evolution of star clusters in tidal fields
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. I. Overview of the Project and Detection of Multiple Stellar Populations
• The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. XII. Photometric Binaries along the Main-Sequence
• Scaled solar tracks and isochrones in a large region of the Z-Y plane I. From the ZAMS to the TP-AGB end for 0.15 - 2.5 Mo stars
• An analytical description of the disruption of star clusters in tidal fields with an application to Galactic open clusters
• A New Look at the Kinematics of Neutral Hydrogen in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Abundances in a Large Sample of Stars in M3 and M13
• Age Determination of Six Intermediate-age SMC Star Clusters with HST/ACS
• The Effect of Stellar Rotation on Colour-Magnitude Diagrams: On the apparent presence of multiple populations in intermediate age stellar clusters
• Photometric signatures of multiple stellar populations in Galactic globular clusters
• Multiple stellar populations in three rich Large Magellanic Cloud star clusters
• Multiple stellar populations in Magellanic Clouds clusters. I. An ordinary feature for intermediate age globulars in the LMC?
• Looking outside the Galaxy: the discovery of chemical anomalies in 3 old Large Magellanic Cloud clusters
• The SUMO project I. A survey of multiple populations in globular clusters
• The chemical composition of red giant stars in four intermediate-age clusters of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Ruprecht 106: the first single population Globular Cluster?
• Extended Main Sequence Turnoffs in Intermediate-Age Star Clusters: A Correlation Between Turnoff Width and Early Escape Velocity
• Gas expulsion in massive star clusters? Constraints from observations of young and gas-free objects
• Chemical composition and constraints on mass loss for globular clusters in dwarf galaxies: WLM and IKN
• Apparent Age Spreads in Clusters and the Role of Stellar Rotation
• The Search for Multiple Populations in Magellanic Cloud Clusters II: The Detection of Multiple Populations in Three Intermediate-Age SMC Clusters
• Population Parameters of Intermediate-Age Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud. I. NGC 1846 and its Wide Main Sequence Turnoff
• Multiple populations in the old and massive Small Magellanic Cloud globular cluster NGC121
• Multiple stellar populations in Magellanic Cloud clusters. III. The first evidence of an extended main sequence turn-off in a young cluster: NGC1856
• Detailed abundance analysis from integrated high-dispersion spectroscopy: Globular clusters in the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal
• Nitrogen abundances and multiple stellar populations in the globular clusters of the Fornax dSph
• CNO abundances in the globular clusters NGC 1851 and NGC 6752
• Rotating Stellar Models Can Account for the Extended Main Sequence Turnoffs in Intermediate Age Clusters
• Dissolution is the solution: on the reduced mass-to-light ratios of Galactic globular clusters
• Terzan 8: a Sagittarius-flavoured globular cluster
• No evidence of chemical anomalies in the bimodal turnoff cluster NGC 1806 in the LMC
• NGC 1866: a milestone for understanding the chemical evolution of stellar populations in the LMC
• Globular Cluster Abundances from High-Resolution, Integrated-Light Spectroscopy. IV. The Large Magellanic Cloud: $\alpha$, Fe-peak, Light, and Heavy Elements
• The star formation history of the SMC star cluster NGC419
• The Search for Multiple Populations in Magellanic Cloud Clusters I: Two Stellar Populations in the Small Magellanic Cloud Globular Cluster NGC 121
• Evidence for multiple populations in the intermediate age cluster Lindsay 1 in the SMC
• A Young Cluster With an Extended Main Sequence Turnoff: Confirmation of a Prediction of the Stellar Rotation Scenario
• Chemical abundances in the multiple sub-giant branch of 47 Tucanae: insights on its faint sub-giant branch component
• Is the Escape Velocity in Star Clusters Linked to Extended Star Formation Histories? Using NGC 7252: W3 as a Test Case
• Searching for GC-like abundance patterns in young massive clusters
• No evidence for multiple stellar populations in the low-mass Galactic globular cluster E 3
• First Observational Signature of Rotational Deceleration in a Massive, Intermediate-age Star Cluster in the Magellanic Clouds

Cited by in corpus (61)

• Multiple Stellar Populations in Globular Clusters
• What is a globular cluster? An observational perspective
• Age as a Major Factor in the Onset of Multiple Populations in Stellar Clusters
• Multiple stellar populations in Magellanic Cloud clusters. VI. A survey of multiple sequences and Be stars in young clusters
• Multiple populations in globular clusters and their parent galaxies
• The search for multiple populations in Magellanic Cloud Clusters IV: Coeval multiple stellar populations in the young star cluster NGC 1978
• Cluster kinematics and stellar rotation in NGC 419 with MUSE and adaptive optics
• The search for multiple populations in Magellanic Clouds clusters - V. Correlation between cluster age and abundance spreads
• NGC 6535: the lowest mass Milky Way globular cluster with a Na-O anti-correlation? Cluster mass and age in the multiple population context
• Revisiting nucleosynthesis in globular clusters: the case of NGC 2808 and the role of He and K
• The WISSH quasars project VI. Fraction and properties of BAL quasars in the hyper-luminosity regime
• Spectroscopic detection of multiple populations in the ~2 Gyr old cluster Hodge 6 in the LMC
• Multiple populations in massive star clusters under the magnifying glass of photometry: Theory and tools
• Ruprecht 106: A riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma
• Kron 3: a fourth intermediate age cluster in the SMC with evidence of multiple populations
• Discovery of a large population of Nitrogen-Enhanced stars in the Magellanic Clouds
• Ca II Triplet Spectroscopy of Small Magellanic Cloud Red Giants. V. Abundances and Velocities for 12 Massive Clusters
• Exploring the nature and synchronicity of early cluster formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud IV: Evidence for Multiple Populations in Hodge 11 and NGC 2210
• Using Star Clusters as Tracers of Star Formation and Chemical Evolution: the Chemical Enrichment History of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Star clusters forming in a low metallicity starburst -- rapid self-enrichment by (very) massive stars
• Metallicities and ages for star clusters and their surrounding fields in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Chromosome maps of young LMC clusters: An additional case of coeval multiple populations
• No Evidence for Chemical Abundance Variations in the Intermediate-age Cluster NGC 1783
• Photometric characterization of multiple populations in star clusters: The impact of the first dredge-up
• Leveraging HST with MUSE: I. Sodium abundance variations within the 2 Gyr-old cluster NGC 1978
• An Extragalactic Chromosome Map: The intermediate age SMC Cluster Lindsay 1
• Chemical abundance analysis of red giant branch stars in the globular cluster E3
• Light element variations in globular clusters via nucleosynthesis in black hole accretion discs
• When does the onset of multiple stellar populations in star clusters occur-III: No evidence of significant chemical variations in main-sequence stars of NGC 419
• When does the onset of multiple stellar populations in star clusters occur? Detection of enriched stellar populations in NGC 2121
• On the Nitrogen variation in ~2 Gyr old massive star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Accretion of sub-stellar companions as the origin of chemical abundance inhomogeneities in globular clusters
• Multiple Populations in Integrated Light Spectroscopy of Intermediate Age Clusters
• LBT/MODS spectroscopy of globular clusters in the irregular galaxy NGC 4449
• Multiple stellar populations at less evolved stages: detection of chemical variations among main-sequence dwarfs in NGC 1978
• Short period variability in the globular cluster NGC 419 and the SMC field
• Multiple populations in low mass globular clusters: Palomar 13
• SNe and their impact during the early evolution of Type I Globular Clusters
• Searching for globular cluster chemical anomalies on the main sequence of a young massive cluster
• Leveraging HST with MUSE: II. Na-abundance variations in intermediate age star clusters
• Evidence of globular cluster abundance anomalies in the SMC intermediate-age cluster Kron 3
• When does the onset of multiple stellar populations in star clusters occur-II: No evidence of multiple stellar populations in Lindsay 113
• Dynamical Masses and Mass-to-light Ratios of Resolved Massive Star Clusters. I. NGC 419 and NGC 1846
• Multiple stellar populations at less evolved stages-II: no evidence of significant helium spread among NGC 1846 dwarfs
• Blue straggler stars beyond the Milky Way. II. A binary origin for blue straggler stars in Magellanic Cloud clusters
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. XXII. Relative ages of multiple populations in five Globular Clusters
• MUSE observations of NGC330 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Helium abundance of bright main sequence stars
• Driving factors behind multiple populations
• MOCCA: Effects of pristine gas accretion and cluster migration on globular cluster evolution, global parameters, and multiple stellar populations
• Exploring the nature and synchronicity of early cluster formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud V: Multiple Populations in ancient Globular Clusters
• Blue straggler stars beyond the Milky Way. III. Detection of evolved blue straggler candidates in Large Magellanic Cloud clusters
• Multiple populations within globular clusters in Early-type galaxies Exploring their effect on stellar initial mass function estimates
• Decoding the bifurcated red-giant branch as a tracer of multiple stellar populations in the young Large Magellanic Cloud cluster NGC 2173
• Extended Main-Sequence Turnoff and Red Clump in intermediate-age star clusters: A study of NGC 419
• Is Fornax 4 the nuclear star cluster of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy?
• Mass transfer of low-mass binaries and chemical anomalies among unevolved stars in globular clusters
• UVIT-HST-Gaia-VISTA study of KRON 3 in the Small Magellanic Cloud: A cluster with an extended red clump in UV
• On the formation of globular clusters: comparison with observations
• Searching for chemical abundance variations in young star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds: NGC 411, NGC 1718 and NGC 2213
• The Predicted Properties of Helium-Enriched Globular Cluster Progenitors at High Redshift
• Low-luminosity galaxies in the early universe have observed sizes similar to star cluster complexes