The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. I. Overview of the Project and Detection of Multiple Stellar Populations

Abstract

In this paper we describe a new UV-initiative HST project (GO-13297) that will complement the existing F606W and F814W database of the ACS Globular Cluster (GC) Treasury by imaging most of its clusters through UV/blue WFC3/UVIS filters F275W, F336W and F438W. This "magic trio" of filters has shown an uncanny ability to disentangle and characterize multiple-population (MP) patterns in GCs in a way that is exquisitely sensitive to C, N, and O abundance variations. Combination of these passbands with those in the optical also gives the best leverage for measuring helium enrichment. The dozen clusters that had previously been observed in these bands exhibit a bewildering variety of MP patterns, and the new survey will map the full variance of the phenomenon. The ubiquity of multiple stellar generations in GCs has made the formation of these cornerstone objects more intriguing than ever; GC formation and the origin of their MPs have now become one and the same problem. In the present paper we will describe the data base and our data reduction strategy, as well as the uses we intend to make of the final photometry, astrometry, and proper motions. We will also present preliminary color-magnitude diagrams from the data so far collected. These diagrams also draw on data from GO-12605 and GO-12311, which served as a pilot project for the present GO-13297.

arXiv comment56 pages, 23 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication on AJ. The official TREASURY webpage can be found at this url: http://groups.dfa.unipd.it/ESPG/treasury.html

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• NLTE modelling of integrated light spectra. Abundances of barium, magnesium, and manganese in a metal-poor globular cluster
• Peeking beneath the precision floor I: metallicity spreads and multiple elemental dispersions in the globular clusters NGC 288 and NGC 362
• A deep Chandra survey for faint X-ray sources in the Galactic globular cluster M30, and searches for optical and radio counterparts
• Simulations of globular clusters within their parent galaxies: Metallicity spreads and anomalous precursor populations
• When does the onset of multiple stellar populations in star clusters occur? Detection of enriched stellar populations in NGC 2121
• Searching for multiple populations in star clusters using the China Space Station Telescope
• UVIT-HST-GAIA view of NGC 288: A census of hot stellar population and their properties from UV
• A Deep Search for Faint Chandra X-ray Sources, Radio Sources, and Optical Counterparts in NGC 6752
• Globular Clusters UVIT Legacy Survey (GlobULeS) I. FUV-optical Color-Magnitude Diagrams for Eight Globular Clusters
• Rubin Observatory LSST Stars Milky Way and Local Volume Star Clusters Roadmap
• Chrono-chemodynamical analysis of the globular cluster NGC 6355: Looking for the fundamental bricks of the Bulge
• LBT/MODS spectroscopy of globular clusters in the irregular galaxy NGC 4449
• Searching for Multiple Populations in Ruprecht 106
• A search for black hole microlensing signatures in globular cluster NGC 6656 (M 22)
• Difference in chemical composition between the bright and faint red clump stars in the Milky Way bulge
• Ionized Gas Motions and the Structure of Feedback Near a Forming Globular Cluster in NGC 5253
• Supergiants and their shells in young globular clusters
• Stellar populations in star clusters
• An investigation of C, N and Na abundances in red giant stars of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy
• Integrated photometry of multiple stellar populations in Globular Clusters
• The First Extensive Exploration of UV-bright Stars in the Globular Cluster NGC 2808
• Euclid: Early Release Observations -- Unveiling the morphology of two Milky Way globular clusters out to their periphery
• The Kinematics of 30 Milky Way Globular Clusters and the Multiple Stellar Populations within
• High Resolution Spectroscopic Abundances of Red Giant Branch Stars in NGC 6681
• Connecting integrated RGB mass loss from asteroseismology and globular clusters
• HST observations of the globular cluster NGC 6402 (M14) and its peculiar multiple populations
• Isochrone fitting of Galactic globular clusters -- IV. NGC6362 and NGC6723
• Ultra-deep ATCA imaging of 47 Tucanae reveals a central compact radio source
• Astrometry with the Wide-Field InfraRed Space Telescope
• Detection of multiple stellar populations in extragalactic massive clusters with JWST
• Hubble Space Telescope photometry of multiple stellar populations in the inner parts of NGC 2419
• Models for Metal-Poor Stars with Different Initial Abundances of C, N, O, Mg, and Si. II. Application to the Colour-Magnitude Diagrams of the Globular Clusters 47 Tuc, NGC 6362, M5, M3, M55, and M92
• Models of Metal-Poor Stars with Different Initial Abundances of C, N, O, Mg, and Si. I. Bolometric Corrections Derived from New MARCS Synthetic Spectra and Their Implications for Observed Colour-Magnitude Diagrams
• SHOTGLAS II. MUSE spectroscopy of blue horizontal branch stars in the core of $\omega$ Centauri and NGC 6752
• Young Massive Clusters: Their Population Properties, Formation and Evolution, and Their Relation to the Ancient Globular Clusters
• Slowly cooling white dwarfs in NGC 6752
• Abundances in a sample of turnoff and subgiant stars in NGC 6121 (M4)
• The M4 Core Project with HST - IV. Internal Kinematics from Accurate Radial Velocities of 2771 Cluster Members
• Identifications of Faint Chandra Sources in the Globular Cluster M3
• Multiple populations in low mass globular clusters: Palomar 13
• Multiple Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters from Homogeneous Ca--CN--CH Photometry. V. $c{n}_{\mathrm{JWL}}^{\prime }$ as a Surrogate $c{n}_{\mathrm{JWL}}$ Index and NGC 6723
• Intrinsic Metallicity Variation in the Intermediate Mass Type II Globular Cluster NGC 1261
• SNe and their impact during the early evolution of Type I Globular Clusters
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. XIII. ACS/WFC Parallel-Field Catalogues
• Isochrone fitting of Galactic globular clusters -- V. NGC6397 and NGC6809 (M55)
• Observations of the Ultraviolet-Bright Star Barnard 29 in the Globular Cluster M13 (NGC 6205)
• Multiple populations in globular clusters: Unified efforts from stellar evolution and chemical evolution models
• Identifying Multiple Populations in M71 Using CN
• Impact of a companion and of chromospheric emission on the shape of chromosome maps for globular clusters
• The structural properties of multiple populations in the dynamically young globular cluster NGC 2419
• Spatial and kinematic segregation in star cluster merger remnants
• A discovery of young stellar objects in older clusters of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Stellar collisions in globular clusters: the origin of multiple stellar populations
• Towards Realistic Modeling of the Astrometric Capabilities of MCAO Systems: Detecting an Intermediate Mass Black Hole with MAVIS
• A binary-related origin mediated by environmental conditions for blue straggler stars
• Mergers all the way down: stellar collisions and kinematics of a dense hierarchically forming massive star cluster in a dwarf starburst
• Bayesian Analysis of Two Stellar Populations in Galactic Globular Clusters II: NGC 5024, NGC 5272, and NGC 6352
• Chemical Tagging N-rich Field Stars with High-resolution Spectroscopy
• Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the extremely metal-poor globular cluster EXT8 in Messier 31
• Peeking beneath the precision floor -- II. Probing the chemo-dynamical histories of the potential globular cluster siblings, NGC 288 and NGC 362
• Collision-induced mass loss and mass gain on an extremely massive star. An analytical approach and a static proto-globular cluster test-case
• When does the onset of multiple stellar populations in star clusters occur-II: No evidence of multiple stellar populations in Lindsay 113
• Outliers: multicolour photometry guiding the search for evolved binary systems in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae
• Exotica in the Globular Cluster M4, Studied with Chandra, HST, and the VLA
• Stellar collisions in globular clusters: Constraints on the initial mass function of the first generation of stars
• Metallicity of the globular cluster NGC 6388 from high resolution spectra of more than 160 giant stars
• Globular Cluster Intrinsic Iron Abundance Spreads: II. Protocluster Metallicities and the Age-Metallicity Relations of Milky Way Progenitors
• AstroSat study of the globular cluster NGC 2298: probable evolutionary scenarios of hot HB stars
• Discrepancies between spectroscopy and HST photometry in tagging multiple stellar populations in 22 globular clusters
• The $Hubble$ Missing Globular Cluster Survey. I. Survey overview and the first precise age estimate for ESO452-11 and 2MASS-GC01
• The radial distribution of Blue stragglers in Galactic Globular Cluster NGC 6656 $-$ Clues on the dynamical status
• Near-infrared study of new embedded clusters in the Carina complex
• Modes of a stellar system II: non-ergodic systems
• Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) observation of the Galactic Globular Cluster NGC 7492
• The realm of the Galactic globular clusters and the mass of their primordial clouds
• Asymptotic kinematics of Globular Clusters: the emergence of a Tully-Fisher relation
• Integrated Spectra of Milky Way Globular Cluster
• Search for multiwavelength emission from the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1836-2354A in the globular cluster M22
• A Universal Transition in Atmospheric Diffusion for Hot Subdwarfs Near 18,000 K
• Models for Metal-Poor Stars with Different Initial Abundances of C, N, O, Mg, and Si. III. Grids of Isochrones for $-2.5\le$ [Fe/H] $\le -0.5$ and Helium Abundances $Y=0.25$ and $0.29$ at Each Metallicity
• A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE. Metallicity spread and dispersion among first-population stars
• Multiple Stellar Populations outside the tidal radius of NGC1851 through Gaia DR3 XP Spectra
• Measuring Dwarf Galaxy Intrinsic Abundance Scatter with Mid-resolution Spectroscopic Surveys: Calibrating APOGEE Abundance Errors
• Infrared photometry and CaT spectroscopy of globular cluster M 28 (NGC 6626)
• Self-enrichment in Globular Clusters: the extreme He-rich population of NGC 2808
• Evolutionary history of four binary blue stragglers from the globular clusters ωCen, M55, 47 Tuc and NGC 6752
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. XXII. Relative ages of multiple populations in five Globular Clusters
• Multiple Populations in NGC 1851: Abundance Variations and UV Photometric Synthesis in the Washington and HST/WFC3 Systems
• A Photometric Study of Globular Clusters Observed by the APOGEE Survey
• To Grow Old and Peculiar: A Survey of Anomalous Variable Stars in M80 and Age Determination using K2 and Gaia
• High-precision astrometry towards ELTs
• APOGEE-2S Mg-Al anti-correlation of the Metal-Poor Globular Cluster NGC 2298
• New Determination of Fundamental Properties of Palomar 5 Using Deep DESI Imaging Data
• On the maximum helium content of multiple populations in the globular cluster NGC6752
• Investigating a predicted metallicity [Fe/H] variation in the Type II Globular Cluster NGC 362
• Photometric Detection of Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters Using Integrated Light
• Decoding the bifurcated red-giant branch as a tracer of multiple stellar populations in the young Large Magellanic Cloud cluster NGC 2173
• Study of UV bright stellar populations in the globular cluster NGC 1261 using AstroSat
• Rotational velocities of Blue Straggler Stars in the Globular Cluster M55
• NLTE Stellar Population Synthesis of Globular Clusters using Synthetic Integrated Light Spectra I: Constructing the IL Spectra
• Carbon Abundance Inhomogeneities and Deep Mixing Rates in Galactic Globular Clusters
• MUSE spectroscopic observations of the Young Massive Cluster NGC1850
• A high-resolution spectroscopic search for multiple populations in the 2 Gyr old cluster NGC 1846
• CAPOS: The bulge Cluster APOgee Survey VII. First detailed chemical analysis of NGC 6316
• The GeMS/GSAOI Galactic Globular Cluster Survey (G4CS) II: Characterization of 47 Tuc with Bayesian Statistics
• Could kilomasers pinpoint supermassive stars?
• A candidate magnetic helium core white dwarf in the globular cluster NGC 6397
• Searching for exotic object companions in the dense core of NGC 362: a multi-wavelength and multi-epoch photometric analysis
• Uncovering Multiple Populations in NGC 7099 (M 30) using Washington Photometry
• The "canonical" White Dwarf Cooling Sequence of M5
• The internal kinematics of NGC 2808 and its multiple populations
• The MAVERIC Survey: The first radio and X-ray limits on the detached black holes in NGC 3201
• Is Fornax 4 the nuclear star cluster of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy?
• Exploring Multiple Stellar Populations in Globular Clusters with Euclid: A Theoretical Overview and Insights from NGC 6397
• UVIT-HST-Gaia-VISTA study of KRON 3 in the Small Magellanic Cloud: A cluster with an extended red clump in UV
• The complex stellar system M 22: constraining the chemical enrichment from AGB stars using magnesium isotope ratios
• Ultraluminous X-ray sources in Globular Clusters
• Galactic or extragalactic chemical tagging for NGC3201? Discovery of an anomalous CN-CH relation
• A Wide View of the Galactic Globular Cluster NGC 2808: Red Giant and Horizontal Branch Star Spatial Distributions
• Relation between spectral indices and binary fractions in GCs
• On the formation of globular clusters: comparison with observations
• Role of host galaxy in the formation of multiple stellar populations: Analysis of NGC 1786 and NGC 1898
• UVIT Observations of UV-Bright Stars in four Galactic Globular Clusters
• Supermassive stars as the origin of the multiple populations in globular clusters
• Thirteen facts that you need to know on multiple populations in globular clusters
• Hidden Figures of Globular Clusters: Integrated Stellar Populations Impacted by Hot Subdwarfs
• Re-examining the Radial Distributions of M13 Multiple Populations
• Searching for chemical abundance variations in young star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds: NGC 411, NGC 1718 and NGC 2213
• Identification and characterization of optical companions to the population of millisecond pulsars in the globular cluster M3
• Inferring the efficiency of convective-envelope overshooting in Red Giant Branch stars
• Properties of Globular Clusters in Galaxy Clusters: Sensitivity from the Formation and Evolution of Globular Clusters
• Light Element Abundances and Multiple Populations in M53
• A Careful Reassessment of Globular Cluster Multiple Population Radial Distributions with Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Johnson-Cousins Broadband Photometry
• Synthetic photometry of globular clusters: Uncertainties on synthetic colors
• Statistical analysis of Galactic globular cluster type properties
• Linking the Internal Properties of Infant Globular Clusters to their Formation Environments
• C,T1,T2: A complementary method to detect Multiple Populations with the Washington filter system
• An excess of luminous white dwarfs in the peculiar Galactic globular cluster NGC 2808
• Robust ellipticity measurements of 29 Galactic globular clusters
• Multiple Populations in Low-mass Globular Clusters: Eridanus
• Mock Observations of Multiple Stellar Populations in Tidal Streams of Palomar 5 for the Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope
• Far-ultraviolet investigation into the galactic globular cluster M30 (NGC 7099): II. Potential X-ray counterparts and variable sources
• Bimodal regime in young massive clusters leading to subsequent stellar generations
• Synthetic spectroscopic indices for identifying multiple stellar populations in globular clusters
• Multiple populations in the Sagittarius nuclear cluster M54 and in other anomalous globular clusters
• The Formation of Globular Clusters as a Case of Overcooling
• Helium variations in Galactic and extragalactic Globular Clusters
• Study of dynamical status of the globular cluster NGC 1851 using Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope
• S-PLUS: Exploring wide field properties of multiple populations in galactic globular clusters at different metallicities
• Discovery of a double white dwarf in the Galactic globular cluster NGC 6397
• Photo-chemo-dynamical analysis and the origin of the bulge globular cluster Palomar 6
• Observing the influence of the youngest super star clusters in NGC 1569: Keck Brackett $\alpha$ spectroscopy
• A Massive and Eccentric Binary Millisecond Pulsar in the Globular Cluster M10