Na-O Anticorrelation and HB. VIII. Proton-capture elements and metallicities in 17 globular clusters from UVES spectra

Abstract

We present homogeneous abundances for Fe and some of the elements involved in the proton-capture reactions (O, Na, Mg, Al, and Si) for 202 red giants in 17 Galactic globular clusters (GCs) from the analysis of high resolution UVES spectra obtained with FLAMES@ESO-VLT2. Our programme clusters span almost the whole range in metallicity of GCs and were selected to sample the widest range of global parameters (HB morphology, masses, concentration, etc). Here we focus on the discussion of the Na-O and Mg-Al anticorrelations and related issues. Our study finds clear Na and O star-to-star abundance variations in all GCs. Variations in Al are present in all but a few GCs. Finally, a spread in abundances of Mg and Si are also present in a few clusters. Mg is slightly less overabundant and Si slightly more overabundant in the most Al-rich stars. The correlation between Si and Al abundances is a signature of production of 28Si leaking from the Mg-Al cycle in a few clusters. The cross sections required for the proper reactions to take over in the cycle point to temperatures in excess of about 65 MK for the favoured site of production. We used a dilution model to infer the total range of Al abundances starting from the Al abundances in the UVES spectra, and the Na abundance distributions found from analysis of the much larger set of stars for which GIRAFFE spectra were available. We found that the maximum amount of additional Al produced by first generation polluters contributing to the composition of the second generation stars in each cluster is closely correlated with the same combination of metallicity and cluster luminosity that reproduced the minimum O abundances found from GIRAFFE spectra. We then suggest that the high temperatures required for the Mg-Al cycle are only reached in the most massive and most metal-poor polluters.

20 pages, 13 figures, fig. 3 degraded. Accepted for publication on Astronomy and Astrophysics

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• The Chemical Composition of Red Giant Branch Stars in the Galactic Globular Clusters NGC 6342 and NGC 6366
• Binary interactions as a possible scenario for the formation of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters
• CAPOS: The bulge Cluster APOgee Survey III. Spectroscopic Tomography of Tonantzintla 2
• Chemical evolution of the metal poor Globular Cluster NGC 6809
• Relative Ages of Nine Inner Milky Way Globular Clusters from Proper Motion Cleaned Color-Magnitude Diagrams
• The Rotation of Selected Globular Clusters and the Differential Rotation of M3 in Multiple Populations from the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2 Survey
• Evolution of long-lived globular cluster stars. II. Sodium abundance variations on the asymptotic giant branch as a function of globular cluster age and metallicity
• Light Element Discontinuities Suggest an Early Termination of Star Formation in the Globular Cluster NGC 6402 (M14)
• Chemical Abundances Of Open Clusters From High-Resolution Infrared Spectra. I. NGC 6940
• The Galactic evolution of sulphur as traced by globular clusters
• Magnesium isotopes: a tool to understand self-enrichment in Globular Clusters
• The main sequences of NGC2808: constraints on the early disc accretion scenario
• Searching for GC-like abundance patterns in young massive clusters II. - Results from the Antennae galaxies
• Rubidium abundances in the globular clusters NGC 6752, NGC 1904 and NGC 104 (47 Tuc)
• APOGEE-2S Discovery of Light- and Heavy-Element Abundance Correlations in the Bulge Globular Cluster NGC 6380
• Lithium and oxygen in globular cluster dwarfs and the early disc accretion scenario
• Tracing the origin of the Aquarius Stream: I
• Barium abundance in red giants of NGC 6752. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium and three-dimensional effects
• Chemical abundance analysis of red giant branch stars in the globular cluster E3
• The GeMS/GSAOI Galactic Globular Cluster Survey (G4CS) I: A Pilot Study of the stellar populations in NGC 2298 and NGC 3201
• Leveraging HST with MUSE: I. Sodium abundance variations within the 2 Gyr-old cluster NGC 1978
• The subgiant branch of omega Cen seen through high-resolution spectroscopy. II. The most metal-rich population
• An Extragalactic Chromosome Map: The intermediate age SMC Cluster Lindsay 1
• NGC 1261: an $r$-process enhanced globular cluster from the Gaia-Enceladus event
• Abundance analysis of the outer halo globular cluster Palomar 14
• Light Element Abundances and Multiple Populations in M10
• First evidence of multiple populations along the AGB from Strömgren photometry
• NLTE modelling of integrated light spectra. Abundances of barium, magnesium, and manganese in a metal-poor globular cluster
• Hot horizontal branch stars in NGC 288 - effects of diffusion and stratification on their atmospheric parameters
• UVIT-HST-GAIA view of NGC 288: A census of hot stellar population and their properties from UV
• Chemistry of multiple stellar populations in the mono-metallic, in situ, bulge globular cluster NGC 6388
• The hELENa project - II. Abundance distribution trends of early-type galaxies: from dwarfs to giants
• Analysis of the CN and CH molecular band strengths in stars of the open cluster NGC 6791
• Color-Magnitude Diagram Constraints on the Metallicities, Ages, and Star Formation History of the Stellar Populations in the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
• Diluting the material forming the second generation stars in Globular Clusters: the contribution by unevolved stars
• Searching for multiple populations in star clusters using the China Space Station Telescope
• Detailed chemical abundance analysis of the thick disk star cluster Gaia 1
• The [alpha/Fe] ratios of very metal-poor stars within the IGIMF theory
• The chemical composition of red giants in 47 Tucanae. II. Magnesium isotopes and pollution scenarios
• Accretion of sub-stellar companions as the origin of chemical abundance inhomogeneities in globular clusters
• Chrono-chemodynamical analysis of the globular cluster NGC 6355: Looking for the fundamental bricks of the Bulge
• Searching for Solar Siblings in APOGEE and $Gaia$ DR2 with N-body Simulations
• Multiple Populations in Integrated Light Spectroscopy of Intermediate Age Clusters
• Chemo-Dynamical Clustering applied to APOGEE data: Re-Discovering Globular Clusters
• Estimating ages and metallicities of M31 star clusters from LAMOST DR6
• Difference in chemical composition between the bright and faint red clump stars in the Milky Way bulge
• Should I Stay or Should I Go: Stellar Wind Retention and Expulsion in Massive Star Clusters
• Nuclei of dwarf spheroidal galaxies KKs3 and ESO269-66 and their counterparts in our Galaxy
• High Resolution Spectroscopic Abundances of Red Giant Branch Stars in NGC 6681
• An investigation of C, N and Na abundances in red giant stars of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy
• The Integrated Calcium II Triplet as a Metallicity Indicator: Comparisons with High Resolution [Fe/H] in M31 Globular Clusters
• Fluorine Abundances in the Globular Cluster M 4
• Lithium abundance in lower red giant branch stars of Omega Centauri
• The Celestial Buffet: multiple populations and globular cluster formation in dwarf galaxies
• SHOTGLAS II. MUSE spectroscopy of blue horizontal branch stars in the core of $\omega$ Centauri and NGC 6752
• A Detailed Study of Giants and Horizontal Branch Stars in M68: Atmospheric Parameters and Chemical Abundances
• Hubble Space Telescope photometry of multiple stellar populations in the inner parts of NGC 2419
• Models of Metal-Poor Stars with Different Initial Abundances of C, N, O, Mg, and Si. I. Bolometric Corrections Derived from New MARCS Synthetic Spectra and Their Implications for Observed Colour-Magnitude Diagrams
• Models for Metal-Poor Stars with Different Initial Abundances of C, N, O, Mg, and Si. II. Application to the Colour-Magnitude Diagrams of the Globular Clusters 47 Tuc, NGC 6362, M5, M3, M55, and M92
• Detection of multiple stellar populations in extragalactic massive clusters with JWST
• Chemical analysis of eight giant stars of the globular cluster NGC 6366
• Chemical Cartography with APOGEE: Two-process Parameters and Residual Abundances for 288,789 Stars from Data Release 17
• Intrinsic Metallicity Variation in the Intermediate Mass Type II Globular Cluster NGC 1261
• An outer shade of Pal: Abundance analysis of the outer halo globular cluster Palomar 13
• On the Hunt for the Origins of the Orphan--Chenab Stream: Detailed Element Abundances with APOGEE and Gaia
• APOGEE Detection of N-rich stars in the tidal tails of Palomar 5
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. XIII. ACS/WFC Parallel-Field Catalogues
• High Resolution HDS/SUBARU chemical abundances of the young stellar cluster Palomar 1
• The Massive M31 Cluster G1: Detailed Chemical Abundances from Integrated Light Spectroscopy
• Investigation of the Globular Cluster NGC 2808 with the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope
• The in situ origin of the globular cluster NGC 6388 from abundances of Sc, V, and Zn of a large sample of stars
• Multiple populations in globular clusters: Unified efforts from stellar evolution and chemical evolution models
• The 300km/s stellar stream near Segue 1: Insights From high-resolution spectroscopy of its brightest star
• Chemical analysis of the Bulge Globular Cluster NGC 6553
• Identifying Multiple Populations in M71 Using CN
• First inverse kinematics measurement of key resonances in the ${}^{22}\text{Ne}(p,\gamma {)}^{23}\text{Na}$ reaction at stellar temperatures
• MOCCA Survey Database: Extra Galactic Globular Clusters. I. Method and first results
• Lithium in the lower red giant branch of 5 Galactic globular clusters
• Energy equipartition in multiple-population globular clusters
• Red Giant Branch Bump Star Counts in Data and Stellar Models
• Sulphur in the metal poor globular cluster NGC 6397
• Chemical Tagging N-rich Field Stars with High-resolution Spectroscopy
• Does the Oosterhoff Dichotomy Exist in The Andromeda Galaxy? I. The case of G11
• Chemical Abundances of the Typhon Stellar Stream
• Variability in NGC 3201 giant stars and its impact on their spectroscopic [Fe/H] determination
• Probing 3D and NLTE models using APOGEE observations of globular cluster stars
• Confirming the presence of second population stars and the iron discrepancy along the AGB of the globular cluster NGC 6752
• Lithium abundances as a tracer of AGB stars pollution in the globular cluster NGC 6752
• Mergers all the way down: stellar collisions and kinematics of a dense hierarchically forming massive star cluster in a dwarf starburst
• A high-resolution spectroscopic study of two new Na- and Al-rich field giants -- likely globular cluster escapees in the Galactic halo
• Evidence of globular cluster abundance anomalies in the SMC intermediate-age cluster Kron 3
• Potassium abundances in multiple stellar populations of the globular cluster NGC 4833
• Metallicity of the globular cluster NGC 6388 from high resolution spectra of more than 160 giant stars
• NGC 6397: The metallicity trend along the isochrone revisited
• Infrared photometry of Young Massive Clusters in the starburst galaxy NGC 4214
• Discrepancies between spectroscopy and HST photometry in tagging multiple stellar populations in 22 globular clusters
• The Effect of Stellar Helium Abundance on Dynamics of Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters
• Chemical evolution of star clusters
• Light Element Chemistry and the Double Red Giant Branch in the Galactic Globular Cluster NGC 288
• Evolution of long-lived globular cluster stars IV. Initial helium content and white-dwarf properties
• Modelling of integrated-light spectra from the optical to the near-infrared: the globular cluster G280 in M31
• Hints for multiple populations in intermediate-age clusters of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Carbon Isotope Ratios in M10 Giants
• The 10830 Angstrom Helium Line Among Evolved Stars in the Globular Cluster M4
• The ones that got away: chemical tagging of globular cluster-origin stars with Gaia BP/RP spectra
• Driving factors behind multiple populations
• NGC 6388 reloaded: some like it hot, but not too much
• CAPOS: The bulge Cluster APOGEE Survey VI. Characterizing multiple stellar populations and chemical abundances in the bulge globular cluster NGC 6569
• New stellar age estimates using SPInS based on Gaia DR3 photometry and LAMOST DR8 abundances
• Stellar abundances of beryllium and CUBES
• A Photometric Study of Globular Clusters Observed by the APOGEE Survey
• Validating Stellar Abundance Measurements from Multi-Resolution Spectroscopy
• Spectroscopic Observations of Obscured Populations in the Inner Galaxy: 2MASS-GC02, Terzan 4, and the 200 km/s stellar peak
• Exploring the nature and synchronicity of early cluster formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud V: Multiple Populations in ancient Globular Clusters
• The effects of individual metal contents on isochrones for C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, and Fe
• APOGEE-2S Mg-Al anti-correlation of the Metal-Poor Globular Cluster NGC 2298
• Investigating a predicted metallicity [Fe/H] variation in the Type II Globular Cluster NGC 362
• Multiple populations within globular clusters in Early-type galaxies Exploring their effect on stellar initial mass function estimates
• Neutron-Capture Element Signatures in Globular Clusters: Insights from the Gaia-ESO Survey
• New sub-grouping of multiple stellar populations in NGC 2808 based on low-resolution spectroscopy
• Chemical composition of the outer halo globular cluster Palomar 15
• Carbon Abundance Inhomogeneities and Deep Mixing Rates in Galactic Globular Clusters
• Photometric Detection of Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters Using Integrated Light
• Kinematics of outer halo globular clusters: M 75 and NGC 6426
• Field Blue Stragglers and Related Mass Transfer Issues
• Is Fornax 4 the nuclear star cluster of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy?
• Neutron-capture elements in NGC 6752 multiple populations
• Mass transfer of low-mass binaries and chemical anomalies among unevolved stars in globular clusters
• Different Sodium enhancements among multiple populations of Milky Way globular clusters
• The internal kinematics of NGC 2808 and its multiple populations
• A Search for Strongly Mg-enhanced Stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The GeMS/GSAOI Galactic Globular Cluster Survey (G4CS) II: Characterization of 47 Tuc with Bayesian Statistics
• CAPOS: The bulge Cluster APOgee Survey VII. First detailed chemical analysis of NGC 6316
• Dynamical Processes in Globular Clusters
• Internal Kinematics of M10 and M71
• Synthetic stellar spectra to study multiple populations in globular clusters: an extended grid and the effects on the integrated light
• Testing the sources of the peculiar abundances in globular clusters
• The fractions of post-binary-interaction stars and evolved blue straggler stars on the red giant branch of globular clusters
• Inconsistent metallicity spreads in first generation stars of globular clusters from high resolution spectroscopy and HST photometry
• Chemical tagging with APOGEE, MUSE, and HST: constraints on the formation of $\omega$ Centauri
• Globular cluster formation with multiple stellar populations: A single-binary composite scenario
• Recent Advances in Understanding R-Process Nucleosynthesis in Metal-Poor Stars and Stellar Systems
• Evolution of the kinematic properties of rotating multiple-population globular clusters
• The complex stellar system M 22: constraining the chemical enrichment from AGB stars using magnesium isotope ratios
• On the formation of globular clusters: comparison with observations
• Abundances of Mg and K in the atmospheres of turn-off stars in Galactic globular cluster 47 Tucanae
• Globular Cluster Intrinsic Iron Abundance Spreads: I. Catalog
• Physical Parameters of Stars in NGC 6397 Using ANN-Based Interpolation and Full Spectrum Fitting
• Light Element Abundances and Multiple Populations in M53
• A Careful Reassessment of Globular Cluster Multiple Population Radial Distributions with Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Johnson-Cousins Broadband Photometry
• Homogenous abundances of Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti for about 1500 red giants in 16 globular clusters from FLAMES spectra
• Mock Observations of Multiple Stellar Populations in Tidal Streams of Palomar 5 for the Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope
• On the connection between nitrogen-enhanced field stars and the Galactic globular clusters
• Purveyors of fine halos III. Chemical abundance analysis of a potential omega Cen associate
• Functional Data Analysis for Extracting the Intrinsic Dimensionality of Spectra: Application to Chemical Homogeneity in the Open Cluster M67
• S-PLUS: Exploring wide field properties of multiple populations in galactic globular clusters at different metallicities
• A Main Sequence CH-star in the globular cluster M55 (NGC 6809)
• Photo-chemo-dynamical analysis and the origin of the bulge globular cluster Palomar 6
• Homogeneous abundance ratios of hydrostatic and explosive alpha-elements in globular clusters from high resolution optical spectroscopy
• New insights on the origin of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters
• Constraining the original composition of the gas forming first-generation stars in globular clusters