The Gaia-ESO Survey: Stellar content and elemental abundances in the massive cluster NGC 6705

Abstract

Chemically inhomogeneous populations are observed in most globular clusters, but not in open clusters. Cluster mass seems to play a key role in the existence of multiple populations. Studying the chemical homogeneity of the most massive open clusters is necessary to better understand the mechanism of their formation and determine the mass limit under which clusters cannot host multiple populations. Here we studied NGC6705, that is a young and massive open cluster located towards the inner region of the Milky Way. This cluster is located inside the solar circle. This makes it an important tracer of the inner disk abundance gradient. This study makes use of BVI and ri photometry and comparisons with theoretical isochrones to derive the age of NGC6705. We study the density profile of the cluster and the mass function to infer the cluster mass. Based on abundances of the chemical elements distributed in the first internal data release of the Gaia-ESO Survey, we study elemental ratios and the chemical homogeneity of the red clump stars. Radial velocities enable us to study the rotation and internal kinematics of the cluster. The estimated ages range from 250 to 316Myr, depending on the adopted stellar model. Luminosity profiles and mass functions show strong signs of mass segregation. We derive the mass of the cluster from its luminosity function and from the kinematics, finding values between 3700 M${}_{\odot }$ and 11 000 M${}_{\odot }$. After selecting the cluster members from their radial velocities, we obtain a metallicity of [Fe/H]=0.10$\pm$0.06 based on 21 candidate members. Moreover, NGC6705 shows no sign of the typical correlations or anti-correlations between Al, Mg, Si, and Na, that are expected in multiple populations. This is consistent with our cluster mass estimate, which is lower than the required mass limit proposed in literature to develop multiple populations.

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• The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey: Implementation, data products, open cluster survey, science, and legacy
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• OCCASO V. Chemical-abundance trends with Galactocentric distance and age
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: the inner disk, intermediate-age open cluster Trumpler 23
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• Chemical abundances of the young inner-disk open cluster NGC 6705 observed by APOGEE: sodium-rich and not $\alpha$-enhanced
• A massive open cluster hiding in full sight
• Double-lined spectroscopic binaries in M11