The Gaia-ESO survey: Calibrating a relationship between Age and the [C/N] abundance ratio with open clusters

Abstract

In the era of large high-resolution spectroscopic surveys, high-quality spectra can contribute to our understanding of the Galactic chemical evolution, providing chemical abundances belonging to the different nucleosynthesis channels, and also providing constraints to stellar age. Some abundance ratios have been proven to be excellent indicators of stellar ages. We aim at providing an empirical relationship between stellar ages and [C/N] using, as calibrators, open star clusters observed by both the Gaia-ESO and APOGEE surveys. We use stellar parameters and abundances from the Gaia-ESO and APOGEE of the Galactic field and open cluster stars. Ages of star clusters are retrieved from the literature sources and validated using a common set of isochrones. We use the same isochrones to determine, for each age and metallicity, the surface gravity at which the first dredge-up and red giant branch bump occur. We study the effect of extra-mixing processes in our sample of giant stars, and we derive the mean [C/N] in evolved stars, including only stars without evidence of extra-mixing. Combining the Gaia-ESO and APOGEE samples of open clusters, we derive a linear relationship between [C/N] and logarithmic cluster ages. We apply our relationship to selected giant field stars in both Gaia-ESO and APOGEE. We find an age separation between thin and thick disc stars and age trends within their populations, with an increasing age towards lower metallicity populations. With such empirical relationship, we are able to provide an age estimate for giant stars in which C and N abundances are measured. Isochrone fitting is less sensitive for giant than dwarf stars at the turn off. The present method can be thus considered as an additional tool to give an independent estimate of the age of giant stars, with uncertainties in their ages comparable to those obtained using isochrone fitting for dwarf stars.

arXiv comment28 pages, 24 figures. Accepted by A&A

References in corpus (89)

• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• Gaia Data Release 2: The astrometric solution
• The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
• Estimating distances from parallaxes IV: Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia Data Release 2
• Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
• A large stellar evolution database for population synthesis studies. I. Scaled solar models and isochrones
• New catalogue of optically visible open clusters and candidates
• The GALAH Survey: Scientific Motivation
• ASPCAP: The Apogee Stellar Parameter and Chemical Abundances Pipeline
• Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way II. The catalogue of basic parameters
• A large stellar evolution database for population synthesis studies. II. Stellar models and isochrones for an alpha-enhanced metal distribution
• Chemical Cartography with APOGEE: Metallicity Distribution Functions and the Chemical Structure of the Milky Way Disk
• Abundances, Stellar Parameters, and Spectra From the SDSS-III/APOGEE Survey
• Target Selection for the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
• Thermohaline instability and rotation-induced mixing. III - Grid of stellar models and asymptotic asteroseismic quantities from the pre-main sequence up to the AGB for low- and intermediate-mass stars at various metallicities
• Thermohaline instability and rotation-induced mixing. I - Low- and intermediate-mass solar metallicity stars up to the end of the AGB
• Red giant masses and ages derived from carbon and nitrogen abundances
• Signatures of intrinsic Li depletion and Li-Na anti-correlation in the metal-poor globular cluster NGC6397
• The GALAH survey and Gaia DR2: dissecting the stellar disc's phase space by age, action, chemistry and location
• Gaia-ESO Survey: The analysis of high-resolution UVES spectra of FGK-type stars
• On the metallicity of open clusters. III. Homogenised sample
• Spectroscopic determination of masses (and implied ages) for red giants
• Hydrodynamical stellar models including rotation, internal gravity waves and atomic diffusion. I. Formalism and tests on Pop I dwarfs
• Chemical abundance analysis of the Open Clusters Cr110, NGC2099 (M37), NGC2420, NGC7789 and M67 (NGC2682)
• The age of the oldest Open Clusters
• The age-metallicity structure of the Milky Way disk
• Line lists for the A2PI-X2Sigma+ (red) and {B2Sigma+-X2Sigma} (violet) Systems of CN, 13C14N, and 12C15N, and Application to Astronomical Spectra
• Carbon, nitrogen and $\alpha$-element abundances determine the formation sequence of the Galactic thick and thin disks
• Line strengths and updated molecular constants for the C2 Swan system
• Abundance to age ratios in the HARPS-GTO sample with Gaia DR2: Chemical clocks for a range of [Fe/H]
• Activity indicators and stellar parameters of the Kepler targets. An application of the ROTFIT pipeline to LAMOST-Kepler stellar spectra
• A Chemical Abundance Study of 10 Open Clusters Based on WIYN-Hydra Spectroscopy
• The Bologna Open Cluster Chemical Evolution (BOCCE) Project: midterm results from the photometric sample
• Stellar Radial Velocities in the Old Open Cluster M67 (NGC 2682) I. Memberships, Binaries, and Kinematics
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: radial distribution of abundances in the Galactic disc from open clusters and young field stars
• The Pisa Stellar Evolution Data Base for low-mass stars
• The Solar Twin Planet Search III. The [Y/Mg] clock: estimating stellar ages of solar-type stars
• The nucleosynthetic history of elements in the Galactic disk: [X/Fe] - age relations from high-precision spectroscopy
• CCD BV survey of 42 open clusters
• Lithium abundance in the globular cluster M4: from the Turn-Off to the RGB Bump
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: processing of the FLAMES-UVES spectra
• Chemical Abundances of Main-Sequence, Turnoff, Subgiant and red giant Stars from APOGEE spectra II: Atomic Diffusion in M67 Stars
• Age-resolved chemistry of red giants in the solar neighbourhood
• Post first dredge-up [C/N] ratio as age indicator. Theoretical calibration
• Tracing the Hercules stream with Gaia and LAMOST: new evidence for a fast bar in the Milky Way
• On the metallicity dependance of the [Y/Mg] - age relation for solar type stars
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Stellar content and elemental abundances in the massive cluster NGC 6705
• High-precision abundances of elements in Kepler LEGACY stars. Verification of trends with stellar age
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Probes of the inner disk abundance gradient
• Constraining Metallicity-dependent Mixing and Extra Mixing using [C/N] in Alpha-Rich Field Giants
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: open clusters in Gaia-DR1 - a way forward to stellar age calibration
• Effects of rotational mixing on the asteroseismic properties of solar-type stars
• Deep Mixing and Metallicity: Carbon Depletion in Globular Cluster Giants
• The Gaia-ESO survey: impact of extra-mixing on C- and N-abundances of giant stars
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: calibration strategy
• The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping Survey: II. Precision Cluster Abundances for APOGEE using SDSS DR14
• Masses and Ages for 230,000 LAMOST Giants, via Their Carbon and Nitrogen Abundances
• Population synthesis to constrain Galactic and Stellar Physics- I- Determining age and mass of thin-disc red-giant stars
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: CNO abundances in the open clusters Trumpler 20, NGC 4815, and NGC 6705
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Insights on the inner-disc evolution from open clusters
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: the origin and evolution of s-process elements
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Reevaluation of the parameters of the open cluster Trumpler 20 using photometry and spectroscopy
• The double population of Chamaeleon I detected by Gaia DR2
• NGC 6067: a young and massive open cluster with high metallicity
• The Gaia DR2 view of the Gamma Velorum cluster: resolving the 6D structure
• Nitrogen depletion in field red giants: mixing during the He flash?
• Spectroscopic Study of the Open Cluster NGC 6811
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Properties of the intermediate age open cluster NGC 4815
• Metal abundances in extremely distant Galactic old open clusters. II. Berkeley 22 and Berkeley 66
• WIYN Open Cluster Study. LIX. Radial-Velocity Membership of the Evolved Population of the Old Open Cluster NGC 6791
• The [Y/Mg] clock works for evolved solar metallicity stars
• APOGEE [C/N] Abundances Across the Galaxy: Migration and Infall from Red Giant Ages
• Asteroseismic Study on Cluster Distance Moduli for RGB Stars in NGC 6791 and NGC 6819
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: the inner disk, intermediate-age open cluster Trumpler 23
• A Survey of Open Clusters in the u'g'r'i'z' Filter System: III. Results for the Cluster NGC 188
• Photometry of seven overlooked open clusters in the First and Fourth Galactic Quadrants
• Observing the products of stellar evolution in the old open cluster M67 with APOGEE
• Theoretical uncertainties on the radius of low- and very-low mass stars
• The $Gaia$-ESO Survey: the inner disk intermediate-age open cluster NGC 6802
• Radial velocities and metallicities from infrared Ca II triplet spectroscopy of open clusters: Berkeley 26, Berkeley 70, NGC 1798, and NGC 2266
• The old, metal-poor, anticentre open cluster Trumpler 5
• Three new bricks in the wall: Berkeley 23, Berkeley 31, and King 8
• The open cluster Berkeley 53
• Open Clusters in the Kepler Field, II. NGC 6866
• A chemical and kinematical analysis of the intermediate-age open cluster IC 166 from APOGEE and Gaia DR2
• UBVI CCD Photometry of the Old Open Cluster NGC 1193
• Member candidates of the star clusters from LAMOST DR2 data
• Near-Infrared Photometric Study of the Old Open Cluster Trumpler 5

Cited by in corpus (39)

• The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey: Implementation, data products, open cluster survey, science, and legacy
• The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey: Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products
• The Gaia-ESO survey: the non-universality of the age-chemical-clocks-metallicity relations in the Galactic disc
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Empirical estimates of stellar ages from lithium equivalent widths (EAGLES)
• The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping Survey: VI. Galactic Chemical Gradient Analysis from APOGEE DR17
• Spectroscopic age estimates for APOGEE red-giant stars: Precise spatial and kinematic trends with age in the Galactic disc
• Mapping the Galactic Metallicity Gradient with Open Clusters: The State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Age-chemical-clock relations spatially resolved in the Galactic disc
• The evolution of CNO elements in galaxies
• The value-added catalogue for LAMOST DR8 low-resolution spectra
• Light Elements in the Universe
• Radial Migration from Metallicity Gradient of Open Clusters and Outliers
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Calibrating the lithium-age relation with open clusters and associations. I. Cluster age range and initial membership selections
• The GALAH Survey: Chemical Clocks
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Galactic evolution of lithium at high metallicity
• Magnetic-buoyancy-induced mixing in AGB Stars: a theoretical explanation of the non-universal [Y/Mg]-age relation
• Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with TNG Atmospheric parameters of members of 16 unstudied open clusters
• Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with TNG. The old open clusters Collinder 350, Gulliver 51, NGC 7044, and Ruprecht 171
• The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping Survey: VII. APOGEE DR17 [C/N]-Age Calibration
• The Gaia-ESO survey: A lithium depletion boundary age for NGC 2232
• Mapping radial abundance gradients with Gaia-ESO open clusters: Evidence of recent gas accretion in the Milky Way disk
• Tidal tails of open clusters
• Nature vs. Nurture: Distinguishing Effects from Stellar Processing and Chemical Evolution on Carbon and Nitrogen in Red Giant Stars
• Universal properties of the high- and low-α disk: small intrinsic abundance scatter and migrating stars
• WIYN Open Cluster Study LXXXV. Li in NGC 2243 -- Implications for Stellar and Galactic Evolution
• The [Y/Mg] chemical clock in the Galactic Disk: The influence of metallicity and Galactic population in the solar neighbourhood
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Chemical tagging in the thin disk. Open clusters blindly recovered in the elemental abundance space
• Stellar dating using chemical clocks and Bayesian inference
• Time evolution of Ce as traced by APOGEE using giant stars observed with the Kepler, TESS and K2 missions
• Modelling chemical clocks -- Theoretical evidences of the space and time evolution of [s/alpha] in the Galactic disc with Gaia-ESO survey
• Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG. alpha-elements, lithium, sodium and aluminum in 16 open clusters
• Weighing stars from birth to death: mass determination methods across the HRD
• WIYN Open Cluster Study LXXXI. Caught in the Act? The Peculiar Red Giant NGC 2243-W2135
• Calibration of the [C/N] and [Y/Mg] chemical clocks with asteroseismic ages from the TESS space mission
• Deep chemical tagging -- Identifying open clusters and moving groups in chemical space with graph attention networks
• Two sequences in the age-metallicity relation as seen from [C/N] abundances in APOGEE
• A Near-Infrared and Optical Study of NGC 5822: An Open Cluster Hosting Barium-stars and Lithium-Enriched Giant Stars
• Attempting an accurate age estimate of the open cluster NGC 6633 using CoRoT and Gaia
• Spatially Dependent Photometric Activity of M dwarfs in the Solar Cylinder