Structure and rotation of young massive star clusters in a simulated dwarf starburst

Abstract

We analyze the three-dimensional shapes and kinematics of the young star cluster population forming in a high-resolution GRIFFIN project simulation of a metal-poor dwarf galaxy starburst. The star clusters, which follow a power-law mass distribution, form from the cold ISM phase with an IMF sampled with individual stars down to 4 solar masses at sub-parsec spatial resolution. Massive stars and their important feedback mechanisms are modelled in detail. The simulated clusters follow a surprisingly tight relation between the specific angular momentum and mass with indications of two sub-populations. Massive clusters ($M_{\mathrm{cl}}\gtrsim 3\times 10^4{M}_{\odot })$ have the highest specific angular momenta at low ellipticities ($\epsilon \sim 0.2$) and show alignment between their shapes and rotation. Lower mass clusters have lower specific angular momenta with larger scatter, show a broader range of elongations, and are typically misaligned indicating that they are not shaped by rotation. The most massive clusters $(M\gtrsim 10^5{M}_{\odot })$ accrete gas and proto-clusters from a $\lesssim 100\mathrm{pc}$ scale local galactic environment on a $t\lesssim 10\mathrm{Myr}$ timescale, inheriting the ambient angular momentum properties. Their two-dimensional kinematic maps show ordered rotation at formation, up to $v\sim 8.5\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$, consistent with observed young massive clusters and old globular clusters, which they might evolve into. The massive clusters have angular momentum parameters ${\lambda }_R\lesssim 0.5$ and show Gauss-Hermite coefficients $h_3$ that are anti-correlated with the velocity, indicating asymmetric line-of-sight velocity distributions as a signature of a dissipative formation process.

arXiv comment21 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ

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