Formation of globular clusters with multiple stellar populations from massive gas clumps in high-z gas-rich dwarf galaxies

Abstract

One of the currently favored scenarios for the formation of globular clusters (GCs) with multiple stellar populations is that an initial massive stellar system forms (`first generation', FG), subsequently giving rise to gaseous ejecta which is converted into a second generation (SG) of stars to form a GC. We investigate, for the first time, the sequential formation processes of both FG and SG stars from star-forming massive gas clumps in gas-rich dwarf disk galaxies. We adopt a novel approach to resolve the two-stage formation of GCs in hydrodynamical simulations of dwarf galaxies.In the new simulations, new gas particles that are much less massive than their parent star particle are generated around each new star particle when the new star enters into the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase. Furthermore, much finer maximum time step width (<10^5 yr) and smaller softening length (<2 pc) are adopted for such AGB gas particles to properly resolve the ejection of gas from AGB stars and AGB feedback effects. Therefore, secondary star formation from AGB ejecta can be properly investigated in galaxy-scale simulations. An FG stellar system can first form from a massive gas clump developing due to gravitational instability within its host gas-rich dwarf galaxy. Initially the FG stellar system is not a single massive cluster, but instead is composed of several irregular stellar clumps (or filaments) with a total mass larger than 10^6 Msun. While the FG system is dynamically relaxing, gaseous ejecta from AGB stars can be gravitationally trapped by the FG system and subsequently converted into new stars to form a compact SG stellar system within the FG system. Interestingly, about 40% of AGB ejecta is from stars that do not belong to the FG system (`external gas accretion'). The mass-density relation for SG stellar systems can be approximated as rho_SG ~ M_SG^1.5.

23 pages, 16 figures, A&A in press

References in corpus (33)

• Fast rotating massive stars and the origin of the abundance patterns in galactic globular clusters
• Formation and Dynamical Evolution of Multiple Stellar Generations in Globular Clusters
• On the self-enrichment scenario of galactic globular clusters: Constraints on the IMF
• The nucleus of the Sagittarius dSph galaxy and M54: a window on the process of galaxy nucleation
• Multiple stellar populations in three rich Large Magellanic Cloud star clusters
• Multiple stellar populations in Magellanic Clouds clusters. I. An ordinary feature for intermediate age globulars in the LMC?
• Iron and s-elements abundance variations in NGC5286: comparison with anomalous globular clusters and Milky Way satellites
• A parsec-resolution simulation of the Antennae galaxies: Formation of star clusters during the merger
• The fraction of second generation stars in Globular Clusters from the analysis of the Horizontal Branch
• Looking outside the Galaxy: the discovery of chemical anomalies in 3 old Large Magellanic Cloud clusters
• Globular Cluster Formation and Evolution in the Context of Cosmological Galaxy Assembly: Open Questions
• The Bizarre Chemical Inventory of NGC 2419, An Extreme Outer Halo Globular Cluster
• Extended Main Sequence Turnoffs in Intermediate-Age Star Clusters: A Correlation Between Turnoff Width and Early Escape Velocity
• A large C+N+O abundance spread in giant stars of the globular cluster NGC 1851
• Diverging UV and Halpha fluxes of star forming galaxies predicted by the IGIMF theory
• Deep FORS1 observations of the double Main Sequence of omega Centauri
• Globular Cluster Systems in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies: I. HST/ACS Observations and Dynamical Properties of Globular Clusters at Low Environmental Density
• Origin of Abundance Inhomogeneity in Globular Clusters
• Multiple stellar populations in Magellanic Cloud clusters. III. The first evidence of an extended main sequence turn-off in a young cluster: NGC1856
• CNO abundances in the globular clusters NGC 1851 and NGC 6752
• Multiple stellar populations in Magellanic Cloud clusters. V. The split main sequence of the young cluster NGC1866
• The Rotation of Sub-Populations in omega Centauri
• The Chemical Evolution of Helium in Globular Clusters: Implications for the Self-Pollution Scenario
• The total mass and dark halo properties of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The origin of globular cluster systems from cosmological simulations
• Are Globular Clusters the Remnant Nuclei of Progenitor Disk Galaxies?
• On the origin of double main-sequence turn-offs in star clusters of the Magellanic Clouds
• Evolution of dust and molecular hydrogen in the Magellanic System
• The origin of discrete multiple stellar populations in globular clusters
• Globular cluster formation with multiple stellar populations: self-enrichment in fractal massive molecular clouds
• The s-Process Enrichment of the Globular Clusters M4 and M22
• Self-consistent simulations of star cluster formation from gas clouds under the influence of galaxy-scale tidal fields
• A discovery of young stellar objects in older clusters of the Large Magellanic Cloud

Cited by in corpus (17)

• The Relationship Between Globular Cluster Mass, Metallicity, and Light Element Abundance Variations
• The Density Structure of Simulated Stellar Streams
• Structure and rotation of young massive star clusters in a simulated dwarf starburst
• Kinematic differences between multiple populations in Galactic globular clusters
• Formation of N-rich field stars in the high-density building blocks of the Galactic bulge
• Multiple Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters From Homogeneous Ca-CN-CH-NH Photometry. VII. Metal-Poor Populations in 47 Tucanae (NGC 104)
• Star formation within globular clusters:discrete multiple bursts and top-light mass functions
• Multiple Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters from Homogeneous Ca-CN-CH-NH Photometry. VI. M3 (NGC 5272) is not a Prototypical Normal Globular Cluster
• Formation of Multiple Populations of M5 (NGC 5904)
• A new formation model for omega Centauri: the crossroad of astrophysical processes
• When does the onset of multiple stellar populations in star clusters occur-II: No evidence of multiple stellar populations in Lindsay 113
• Star cluster formation from giant molecular clouds in the Small Magellanic Cloud about 2 Gyr ago: their origin, structures, and kinematics
• M92 (NGC~6341) Is a Metal-Complex Globular Cluster with an Atypical Primordial Population
• A Comparative Study Between M30 and M92 : M92 Is A Merger Remnant With A Large Helium Enhancement
• Role of host galaxy in the formation of multiple stellar populations: Analysis of NGC 1786 and NGC 1898
• Globular cluster formation with multiple stellar populations: A single-binary composite scenario
• Build-up and survival of the disc: From numerical models of galaxy formation to the Milky Way