The emergence of dark matter-deficient ultra-diffuse galaxies driven by scatter in the stellar mass-halo mass relation and feedback from globular clusters

Abstract

In addition to their low stellar densities, ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) have a broad variety of dynamical mass-to-light ratios, ranging from dark matter (DM) dominated systems to objects nearly devoid of DM. To investigate the origin of this diversity, we develop a simple, semi-empirical model that predicts the structural evolution of galaxies, driven by feedback from massive star clusters, as a function of their departure from the mean SMHM relation. The model predicts that a galaxy located $\gtrsim 0.5$ dex above the mean relation at $M_{\mathrm{halo}}=10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$ will host a factor of $\sim 10-100$ larger globular cluster (GC) populations, and that feedback from these GCs drives a significant expansion of the stellar component and loss of DM compared to galaxies on the SMHM relation. This effect is stronger in haloes that collapse earlier and have enhanced star formation rates at $z\gtrsim 2$, which leads to increased gas pressures, stellar clustering, and mean cluster masses, and significantly enhances the energy loading of galactic winds and its impact on the DM and stellar orbits. The impact on galaxy size and DM content can be large enough to explain observed galaxies that contain nearly the universal baryon fraction, as well as NGC1052-DF2 and DF4 and other isolated UDGs that contain almost no DM. The trend of increasing galaxy size with GC specific frequency observed in galaxy clusters also emerges naturally in the model. Our predictions can be tested with large and deep surveys of the stellar and GC populations in dwarfs and UDGs. Because stellar clustering drives the efficiency of galactic winds, it may be a dominant factor in the structural evolution of galaxies and should be included as an essential ingredient in galaxy formation models.

arXiv comment23 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS (November 5)

References in corpus (144)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• The Global Schmidt Law in Star Forming Galaxies
• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• The Average Star Formation Histories of Galaxies in Dark Matter Halos from z=0-8
• The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: calibration of subgrid physics and model variations
• Galactic star formation and accretion histories from matching galaxies to dark matter haloes
• UniverseMachine: The Correlation between Galaxy Growth and Dark Matter Halo Assembly from z=0-10
• Concentrations of Dark Halos from their Assembly Histories
• Constraints on the relationship between stellar mass and halo mass at low and high redshift
• A General Theory of Turbulence-Regulated Star Formation, From Spirals to ULIRGs
• A Comprehensive Analysis of Uncertainties Affecting the Stellar Mass - Halo Mass Relation for 0<z<4
• Cold dark matter haloes in the Planck era: evolution of structural parameters for Einasto and NFW profiles
• A Study of the Gas-Star Formation Relation over Cosmic Time
• PHIBSS: molecular gas content and scaling relations in z~1-3 normal star forming galaxies
• The Dark Side of the Halo Occupation Distribution
• How supernova feedback turns dark matter cusps into cores
• Modeling Luminosity-Dependent Galaxy Clustering Through Cosmic Time
• SPARC: Mass Models for 175 Disk Galaxies with Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves
• The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: The alpha.40 HI Source Catalog, its Characteristics and their Impact on the Derivation of the HI Mass Function
• The Cores of Dwarf Galaxy Halos
• New constraints on the evolution of the stellar-to-dark matter connection: a combined analysis of galaxy-galaxy lensing, clustering, and stellar mass functions from z=0.2 to z=1
• Forty-Seven Milky Way-Sized, Extremely Diffuse Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
• COLOSSUS: A python toolkit for cosmology, large-scale structure, and dark matter halos
• A galaxy lacking dark matter
• Cusp-core transformations in dwarf galaxies: observational predictions
• EMERGE - An empirical model for the formation of galaxies since $z\sim 10$
• On the fraction of star formation occurring in bound stellar clusters
• Mass loss from dwarf spheroidal galaxies: the origins of shallow dark matter cores and exponential surface brightness profiles
• Momentum Injection by Supernovae in the Interstellar Medium
• Forged in FIRE: cusps, cores, and baryons in low-mass dwarf galaxies
• The Connection between Galaxies and Dark Matter Structures in the Local Universe
• Stellar Feedback in Dwarf Galaxy Formation
• The Impact of Baryonic Physics on the Structure of Dark Matter Halos: the View from the FIRE Cosmological Simulations
• The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey XV. The Formation Efficiencies of Globular Clusters in Early-Type Galaxies: The Effects of Mass and Environment
• The size - virial radius relation of galaxies
• The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XII. The Luminosity Function of Globular Clusters in Early Type Galaxies
• Globular clusters as the relics of regular star formation in 'normal' high-redshift galaxies
• Dark matter cores all the way down
• Cold dark matter heats up
• Galaxies in LCDM with Halo Abundance Matching: luminosity-velocity relation, baryonic mass-velocity relation, velocity function and clustering
• A mass-dependent density profile for dark matter haloes including the influence of galaxy formation
• NIHAO XI: Formation of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies by outflows
• Ultra-diffuse galaxies: the high-spin tail of the abundant dwarf galaxy population
• The accretion history of dark matter halos III: A physical model for the concentration-mass relation
• A High Stellar Velocity Dispersion and ~100 Globular Clusters for the Ultra Diffuse Galaxy Dragonfly 44
• The Baryon Content of Extremely Low Mass Dwarf Galaxies
• The coupling between the core/cusp and missing satellite problems
• The E-MOSAICS Project: simulating the formation and co-evolution of galaxies and their star cluster populations
• The SILCC (SImulating the LifeCycle of molecular Clouds) project - II. Dynamical evolution of the supernova-driven ISM and the launching of outflows
• (Almost) Dark Galaxies in the ALFALFA Survey: Isolated HI Bearing Ultra Diffuse Galaxies
• Is there a "too big to fail" problem in the field?
• Galaxies at the extremes: Ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Virgo Cluster
• The energy and momentum input of supernova explosions in structured and ionised molecular clouds
• The stellar mass-halo mass relation of isolated field dwarfs: a critical test of $\Lambda$CDM at the edge of galaxy formation
• A Superbubble Feedback Model for Galaxy Simulations
• A second galaxy missing dark matter in the NGC1052 group
• Ultra diffuse galaxies outside clusters: clues to their formation and evolution
• Understanding the shape and diversity of dwarf galaxy rotation curves in LCDM
• The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: evidence for gravitational quenching
• An overmassive Dark Halo around an Ultra-diffuse Galaxy in the Virgo Cluster
• Modeling Galaxy-Mass Correlations in Dissipationless Simulations
• The abundance and spatial distribution of ultra-diffuse galaxies in nearby galaxy clusters
• The Formation of Ultra Diffuse Galaxies in Cored Dark Matter Halos Through Tidal Stripping and Heating
• Stellar and Dynamical Masses of Ellipticals in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• A direct measurement of the baryonic mass function of galaxies & implications for the galactic baryon fraction
• Clustered Supernovae Drive Powerful Galactic Winds After Super-Bubble Breakout
• Globular Cluster Systems in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies: III. Formation Efficiencies of Old Globular Clusters
• Off the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation: a population of baryon-dominated ultra-diffuse galaxies
• Spatial distribution of ultra-diffuse galaxies within large-scale structures
• Formation of ultra-diffuse galaxies in the field and in galaxy groups
• Extensive Globular Cluster Systems Associated with Ultra Diffuse Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
• The origin of scatter in the stellar mass - halo mass relation of central galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
• The E-MOSAICS project: tracing galaxy formation and assembly with the age-metallicity distribution of globular clusters
• Non-circular motions and the diversity of dwarf galaxy rotation curves
• Star clusters near and far; tracing star formation across cosmic time
• Extending the Globular Cluster System-Halo Mass Relation to the Lowest Galaxy Masses
• The dark matter halos of dwarf galaxies: a challenge for the LCDM paradigm?
• Enhanced Momentum Feedback from Clustered Supernovae
• The accretion history of dark matter halos I: The physical origin of the universal function
• The Formation of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in Clusters
• The Globular Cluster Systems of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
• Testing Feedback-Modified Dark Matter Haloes with Galaxy Rotation Curves: Estimation of Halo Parameters and Consistency with $\Lambda$CDM
• A comprehensive catalog of dark matter halo models for SPARC galaxies
• Dark Matter Heating and Early Core Formation in Dwarf Galaxies
• The Dragonfly Nearby Galaxies Survey. II. Ultra diffuse galaxies near the elliptical galaxy NGC 5485
• Abundance of Field Galaxies
• The globular cluster systems of 54 Coma ultra-diffuse galaxies: statistical constraints from HST data
• The impact of assembly bias on the halo occupation in hydrodynamical simulations
• Globular clusters indicate ultra diffuse galaxies are dwarfs
• Further evidence for a population of dark-matter-deficient dwarf galaxies
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XXX. Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies and their Globular Cluster Systems
• Spatially-resolved stellar kinematics of the ultra diffuse galaxy Dragonfly 44. I. Observations, kinematics, and cold dark matter halo fits
• A Rich Globular Cluster System in Dragonfly 17: Are Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies Pure Stellar Halos?
• Robust HI kinematics of gas-rich ultra-diffuse galaxies: hints of a weak-feedback formation scenario
• The accretion history of dark matter halos II: The connections with the mass power spectrum and the density profile
• Tidal stripping as a possible origin of the ultra diffuse galaxy lacking dark matter
• Peak star formation efficiency and no missing baryons in massive spirals
• In a hot bubble: why does superbubble feedback work, but isolated supernovae do not?
• The ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 with MUSE: I. Kinematics of the stellar body
• An enigmatic population of luminous globular clusters in a galaxy lacking dark matter
• The mass discrepancy acceleration relation in a $\Lambda$CDM context
• A mass-dependent slope of the galaxy size-mass relation out to z~3: further evidence for a direct relation between median galaxy size and median halo mass
• Revealing the galaxy-halo connection in IllustrisTNG
• A unified model for the maximum mass-scales of molecular clouds, stellar clusters, and high-redshift clumps
• The nearest ultra diffuse galaxy: UGC2162
• How Supernovae Launch Galactic Winds
• Missing dark matter in dwarf galaxies?
• Observational Properties of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in the Field: Field-UDGs are Predominantly Blue and Starforming
• Ultra-diffuse galaxies without dark matter
• The momentum budget of clustered supernova feedback in a 3D, magnetised medium
• Halo mass estimates from the Globular Cluster populations of 175 Low Surface Brightness Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster
• Star cluster formation in the most extreme environments: Insights from the HiPEEC survey
• The stellar-subhalo mass relation of satellite galaxies
• A model for core formation in dark matter haloes and ultra diffuse galaxies by outflow episodes
• Formation histories of stars, clusters and globular clusters in the E-MOSAICS simulations
• Dark-matter-deficient dwarf galaxies form via tidal stripping of dark matter in interactions with massive companions
• The young star cluster population of M51 with LEGUS - II. Testing environmental dependencies
• A Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance of $22.1\pm 1.2$ Mpc to the Dark Matter Deficient Galaxy NGC1052-DF2 from 40 Orbits of Hubble Space Telescope Imaging
• Origins of scaling relations of globular cluster systems
• The Galaxy Clustering Crisis in Abundance Matching
• Internal dynamics and stellar content of nine ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Coma cluster prove their evolutionary link with dwarf early-type galaxies
• Knowing the unknowns: uncertainties in simple estimators of galactic dynamical masses
• The origin of low-surface-brightness galaxies in the dwarf regime
• Hints against the cold and collisionless nature of dark matter from the galaxy velocity function
• Empirical constraints on the formation of early-type galaxies
• The number of globular clusters around the iconic UDG DF44 is as expected for dwarf galaxies
• Color-Magnitude Diagrams of Resolved Stars in Virgo Cluster Dwarf Galaxies
• Dark Matter Deficient Galaxies And Their Member Star Clusters Form Simultaneously During High-velocity Galaxy Collisions In 1.25 pc Resolution Simulations
• Young star cluster populations in the E-MOSAICS simulations
• Creating a galaxy lacking dark matter in a dark matter dominated universe
• Where did the globular clusters of the Milky Way form? Insights from the E-MOSAICS simulations
• A high cluster formation efficiency in the Sagittarius B2 complex
• Constraining the formation of NGC1052-DF2 from its unusual globular cluster population
• The contribution of HI-bearing ultra-diffuse galaxies to the cosmic number density of galaxies
• A model for the minimum mass of bound stellar clusters and its dependence on the galactic environment
• A scenario for ultra-diffuse satellite galaxies with low velocity dispersions: the case of [KKS 2000]04
• Another baryon miracle? Testing solutions to the "missing dwarfs" problem
• SN-driven mechanism of cusp-core transformation: an appraisal
• The evolution of the baryon fraction in halos as a cause of scatter in the galaxy stellar mass in the EAGLE simulation
• The virial mass distribution of ultra-diffuse galaxies in clusters and groups
• The Archetypal Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy, Dragonfly 44, is not a Dark Milky Way

Cited by in corpus (12)

• The impact of pre-supernova feedback and its dependence on environment
• Origin and evolution of ultra-diffuse galaxies in different environments
• Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in the Perseus Cluster: Comparing Galaxy Properties with Globular Cluster System Richness
• Tidal Distortions in NGC1052-DF2 and NGC1052-DF4: Independent Evidence for a Lack of Dark Matter
• Discovery and analysis of low-surface-brightness galaxies in the environment of NGC 1052
• Gas-rich, field ultra-diffuse galaxies host few globular clusters
• Towards a full general relativistic approach to galaxies
• Monochromatic globular clusters as a critical test of formation models for the dark matter deficient galaxies NGC1052-DF2 and NGC1052-DF4
• Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies as Extreme Star-forming Environments I: Mapping Star Formation in HI-Rich UDGs
• Metallicity profiles of Ultra Diffuse Galaxies in NIHAO simulations
• Inferring dark matter halo properties for HI-selected galaxies
• No need for dark matter: resolved kinematics of the ultra-diffuse galaxy AGC 114905