Off the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation: a population of baryon-dominated ultra-diffuse galaxies

Abstract

We study the gas kinematics traced by the 21-cm emission of a sample of six HI$-$rich low surface brightness galaxies classified as ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs). Using the 3D kinematic modelling code ${}^{3D}$Barolo we derive robust circular velocities, revealing a startling feature: HI$-$rich UDGs are clear outliers from the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation, with circular velocities much lower than galaxies with similar baryonic mass. Notably, the baryon fraction of our UDG sample is consistent with the cosmological value: these UDGs are compatible with having no "missing baryons" within their virial radii. Moreover, the gravitational potential provided by the baryons is sufficient to account for the amplitude of the rotation curve out to the outermost measured point, contrary to other galaxies with similar circular velocities. We speculate that any formation scenario for these objects will require very inefficient feedback and a broad diversity in their inner dark matter content.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication by The Astrophysical Journal Letters (ApJL). V2: Acknowledgments have been updated, and a typo has been corrected

References in corpus (44)

• Small-Scale Challenges to the $\Lambda$CDM Paradigm
• Dark Matter Self-interactions and Small Scale Structure
• The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation
• The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: I. Science Goals, Survey Design and Strategy
• SPARC: Mass Models for 175 Disk Galaxies with Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves
• Forming Disk Galaxies in Lambda CDM Simulations
• The APOSTLE simulations: solutions to the Local Group's cosmic puzzles
• The Formation of Disk Galaxies
• Forty-Seven Milky Way-Sized, Extremely Diffuse Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
• The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation of Galaxies with Extended Rotation Curves and the Stellar Mass of Rotating Galaxies
• The unexpected diversity of dwarf galaxy rotation curves
• The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation of Gas Rich Galaxies as a Test of LCDM and MOND
• A galaxy lacking dark matter
• NIHAO XI: Formation of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies by outflows
• The small scatter of the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation
• The Mass-Concentration-Redshift Relation of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• The Baryon Content of Extremely Low Mass Dwarf Galaxies
• (Almost) Dark Galaxies in the ALFALFA Survey: Isolated HI Bearing Ultra Diffuse Galaxies
• The APOSTLE project: Local Group kinematic mass constraints and simulation candidate selection
• A second galaxy missing dark matter in the NGC1052 group
• Ultra diffuse galaxies outside clusters: clues to their formation and evolution
• The Tully-Fisher relation for low surface brightness galaxies - implications for galaxy evolution
• A distance of 13 Mpc resolves the claimed anomalies of the galaxy lacking dark matter
• Still Missing Dark Matter: KCWI High-Resolution Stellar Kinematics of NGC1052-DF2
• Non-circular motions and the diversity of dwarf galaxy rotation curves
• Volumetric star formation laws of disc galaxies
• LITTLE THINGS in 3D: robust determination of the circular velocity of dwarf irregular galaxies
• Gas dynamics in tidal dwarf galaxies: disc formation at z=0
• Peak star formation efficiency and no missing baryons in massive spirals
• Flat rotation curves and low velocity dispersions in KMOS star-forming galaxies at z~1
• The low-mass end of the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation
• Missing dark matter in dwarf galaxies?
• The Multi-Wavelength Tully-Fisher relation with spatially resolved HI kinematics
• The evolution of ultra-diffuse galaxies in nearby galaxy clusters from the Kapteyn IAC WEAVE INT Clusters Survey ($\text{KIWICS}$)
• Identifying Old Tidal Dwarf Irregulars
• The HI Tully-Fisher Relation of Early-Type Galaxies
• The baryonic Tully-Fisher relation and galactic outflows
• NIHAO XXI: The emergence of Low Surface Brightness galaxies
• Mass-to-Light versus Color Relations for Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
• Reviewing the frequency and central depletion of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in galaxy clusters from the KIWICS survey
• The TRGB distance to the second galaxy "missing dark matter". Evidence for two groups of galaxies at 13.5 and 19 Mpc in the line of sight of NGC1052
• SHIELD: Neutral Gas Kinematics and Dynamics
• The angular momentum of disc galaxies at z=1
• The contribution of HI-bearing ultra-diffuse galaxies to the cosmic number density of galaxies

Cited by in corpus (88)

• Dynamical properties of z $\sim 4.5$ dusty star-forming galaxies and their connection with local early type galaxies
• From galactic bars to the Hubble tension: weighing up the astrophysical evidence for Milgromian gravity
• Robust HI kinematics of gas-rich ultra-diffuse galaxies: hints of a weak-feedback formation scenario
• The Formation of Isolated Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in Romulus25
• MIGHTEE-HI: The HI emission project of the MeerKAT MIGHTEE survey
• Galaxies lacking dark matter produced by close encounters in a cosmological simulation
• Strong constraints on decay and annihilation of dark matter from heating of gas-rich dwarf galaxies
• Dark-matter-deficient dwarf galaxies form via tidal stripping of dark matter in interactions with massive companions
• A Self-interacting Dark Matter Solution to the Extreme Diversity of Low-mass Halo Properties
• A spectroscopic study of MATLAS-2019 with MUSE: an ultra-diffuse galaxy with an excess of old globular clusters
• The impact of gas disc flaring on rotation curve decomposition and revisiting baryonic and dark-matter relations for nearby galaxies
• Dwarf galaxies in the MATLAS survey: Hubble Space Telescope observations of the globular cluster system in the ultra-diffuse galaxy MATLAS-2019
• Origin and evolution of ultra-diffuse galaxies in different environments
• Self-Interacting Dark Matter and the Origin of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies NGC1052-DF2 and -DF4
• One hundred SMUDGes in S-PLUS: ultra-diffuse galaxies flourish in the field
• MIGHTEE-HI: The baryonic Tully-Fisher relation over the last billion years
• A tight angular-momentum plane for disc galaxies
• The Odd Dark Matter Halos of Isolated Gas-rich Ultradiffuse Galaxies
• On the Stellar Kinematics and Mass of the Virgo Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy VCC 1287
• Gas dynamics in dwarf galaxies as testbeds for dark matter and galaxy evolution
• Systematically Measuring Ultra Diffuse Galaxies in HI: Results from the Pilot Survey
• The emergence of dark matter-deficient ultra-diffuse galaxies driven by scatter in the stellar mass-halo mass relation and feedback from globular clusters
• A Photometric and Kinematic Analysis of UDG1137+16 (dw1137+16): Probing Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy Formation in a Group Environment
• The stellar populations of quiescent ultra-diffuse galaxies from optical to mid-infrared spectral energy distribution fitting
• The Intrinsic Shapes of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies: a Discriminant of LSBG Formation Mechanisms
• Gas-rich, field ultra-diffuse galaxies host few globular clusters
• Massive Low Surface Brightness Galaxies in the EAGLE Simulation
• Constraining the formation of NGC1052-DF2 from its unusual globular cluster population
• The Nature of Ultra-diffuse Galaxies in Distant Massive Galaxy Clusters: Abell 370 in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• The many reasons that the rotation curves of low-mass galaxies can fail as tracers of their matter distributions
• Exploring the nature of dark matter with the extreme galaxy AGC 114905
• NIHAO XXIV: Rotation or pressure supported systems? Simulated Ultra Diffuse Galaxies show a broad distribution in their stellar kinematics
• Beyond Ultra-diffuse Galaxies. I. Mass--Size Outliers among the Satellites of Milky Way Analogs
• The ALFALFA Almost-Dark Galaxy AGC~229101: A Two Billion Solar Mass HI Cloud with a Very Low Surface Brightness Optical Counterpart
• Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies as Extreme Star-forming Environments I: Mapping Star Formation in HI-Rich UDGs
• Keck Spectroscopy of the Coma Cluster Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy Y358: Dynamical Mass in a Wider Context
• Tully-Fisher Distances and Dynamical Mass Constraints for 24 Host Galaxies of Reverberation-Mapped AGN
• The galaxy-halo connection of disc galaxies over six orders of magnitude in stellar mass
• Global dynamic scaling relations of HI-rich ultra-diffuse galaxies
• Gravothermal collapse and the diversity of galactic rotation curves
• Characteristics of Effective Dark Matter in Nonlocal Gravity
• Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies as Extreme Star-forming Environments II: Star Formation and Pressure Balance in HI-Rich UDGs
• Dark matter effect on black hole accretion disks
• On the fundamentality of the radial acceleration relation for late-type galaxy dynamics
• Baryon-Interacting Dark Matter: heating dark matter and the emergence of galaxy scaling relations
• Search for gas accretion imprints in voids: II. The galaxy Ark 18 as a result of a dwarf-dwarf merger
• MHONGOOSE discovery of a gas-rich low-surface brightness galaxy in the Dorado Group
• Dynamical Friction in Nonlocal Gravity
• Catching Tidal Dwarf Galaxies at a Later Evolutionary Stage with ALFALFA
• The ultra-diffuse galaxy AGC 114905 needs dark matter
• The distribution of dark galaxies and spin bias
• CO observations toward HI-rich Ultra Diffuse Galaxies
• A universal relationship between stellar masses and binding energies of galaxies
• MARTINI: Mock Array Radio Telescope Interferometry of the Neutral ISM
• SAMI-HI: The HI view of the H$\alpha$ Tully-Fisher relation and data release
• Frequency of the dark matter subhalo collisions and bifurcation sequence arising formation of dwarf galaxies
• Merge and strip: dark matter-free dwarf galaxies in clusters can be formed by galaxy mergers
• The Disturbed and Globular Cluster-Rich Ultra-diffuse Galaxy UGC 9050-Dw1
• Resolved HI in two ultra-diffuse galaxies from contrasting non-cluster environments
• Probing galaxy evolution through HI 21-cm emission and absorption: current status and prospects with the Square Kilometre Array
• Inferring dark matter halo properties for HI-selected galaxies
• Dwarf Galaxies without Dark Matter: constraints on Modified Gravity
• A Generalist, Automated ALFALFA Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation
• Understanding the Fundamental Plane and the Tully Fisher Relation
• The Smallest Scale of Hierarchy Survey (SSH). II. Extended star formation and bar-like features in the dwarf galaxy NGC 3741: recent merger or ongoing gas accretion?
• Photometry and kinematics of dwarf galaxies from the Apertif HI survey
• SHARP -- IX. The dense, low-mass perturbers in B1938+666 and J0946+1006: implications for cold and self-interacting dark matter
• Elongated Gravity Sources as an Analytical Limit for Flat Galaxy Rotation Curves
• COZMIC. III. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations of Self-interacting Dark Matter with Suppressed Initial Conditions
• No need for dark matter: resolved kinematics of the ultra-diffuse galaxy AGC 114905
• HIPASS study of southern ultradiffuse galaxies and low surface brightness galaxies
• GAMA 526784: the progenitor of a globular cluster-rich ultra-diffuse galaxy? I. Star clusters, stellar body and ionised gas properties
• Assessing the dark matter content of two quasar host galaxies at z~6 through gas kinematics
• Not so-dark: High resolution HI imaging of J0139+4328 and identification of an optical counterpart
• Globular cluster orbital decay in dwarf galaxies with MOND and CDM: Impact of supernova feedback
• A disk and no signatures of tidal distortion in the galaxy "lacking" dark matter NGC 1052-DF2
• Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Fundamental Acceleration
• Implications of the Milky Way Declining Rotation Curve
• VLA Imaging of HI-bearing Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies from the ALFALFA Survey
• The dynamical lineage of field ultra-diffuse galaxies
• From gas to stars: MUSEings on the internal evolution of IC 1613
• Dark matter -- Modified dynamics: Reaction vs. Prediction
• Using Deep Learning Methods to Detect for Ultra-diffuse Galaxies in KiDS
• Ultra Diffuse Galaxies in clusters : the peculiar gas loss of VCC 1964
• Galactic Scaling Rules in a Modified Dynamical Model
• Evidence for Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy Formation Through Tidal Heating of Normal Dwarfs
• HI Observations of Baryon-Dominated Dwarf Galaxy Candidates
• The dynamical lineage of ultra-diffuse galaxies from TNG50-1