The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit

Abstract

The transition temperature ($T_c$) of QCD is determined by Symanzik improved gauge and stout-link improved staggered fermionic lattice simulations. We use physical masses both for the light quarks ($m_{ud}$) and for the strange quark ($m_s$). Four sets of lattice spacings ($N_t$=4,6,8 and 10) were used to carry out a continuum extrapolation. It turned out that only $N_t$=6,8 and 10 can be used for a controlled extrapolation, $N_t$=4 is out of the scaling region. Since the QCD transition is a non-singular cross-over there is no unique $T_c$. Thus, different observables lead to different numerical $T_c$ values even in the continuum and thermodynamic limit. The peak of the renormalized chiral susceptibility predicts $T_c$=151(3)(3) MeV, wheres $T_c$-s based on the strange quark number susceptibility and Polyakov loops result in 24(4) MeV and 25(4) MeV larger values, respectively. Another consequence of the cross-over is the non-vanishing width of the peaks even in the thermodynamic limit, which we also determine. These numbers are attempted to be the full result for the $T$$\ne$0 transition, though other lattice fermion formulations (e.g. Wilson) are needed to cross-check them.

13 pages 5 figures. Final version, published in Phys.Lett.B

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• Dependence of the static quark free energy on ${\mu }_B$ and the crossover temperature of $N_f=2+1$ QCD
• Covariant interacting Hadron-Resonance Gas model
• An effective field theory for warm QCD
• QCD thermodynamics with continuum extrapolated dynamical overlap fermions
• A model study of the chiral phase diagram of QCD
• Horava-Lifshitz early universe phase transition beyond detailed balance
• Making confining strings out of mesons
• Universal chemical freeze-out as a phase transition signature
• Measuring radial flow of partonic and hadronic phases in relativistic heavy ion collision
• QCD at nonzero temperature and density
• Asymmetric pairing of realistic mass quarks and color neutrality in the Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model of QCD
• Probing the Frontiers of QCD
• Machine learning phase transitions of the three-dimensional Ising universality class
• Thermalization through Hagedorn states - the importance of multiparticle collisions
• Towards the N_f=2 deconfinement transition temperature with O(a) improved Wilson fermions: An update
• Thermodynamics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma in Terms of Quasiparticles and Polyakov Line Condensates
• On-shell versus curvature mass parameter fixing schemes in the quark-meson model and its phase diagrams
• Overview of the QCD phase diagram -- Recent progress from the lattice
• Asymptotically Free Theory with Scale Invariant Thermodynamics
• Inhibition of splitting of the chiral and deconfinement transition due to rotation in QCD: the phase diagram of linear sigma model coupled to Polyakov loop
• Hadronic Screening in Improved Taste
• Collective Phenomena in the Non-Equilibrium Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Thermal photon to dilepton ratio in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Toward a precise determination of Tc with 2+1 flavors of quarks
• Thermal behavior of effective U_A(1) anomaly couplings in reflection of higher topological sectors
• A holographic model for large N thermal QCD
• Anomaly and a QCD-like phase diagram with massive bosonic baryons
• Volume effects on the QCD critical end point from thermal fluctuations within the super statistics framework
• Microcausality in strongly interacting fields
• Towards the N_f=2 deconfinement transition temperature with O(a) improved Wilson fermions
• $\varphi$ meson production at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Baryon inhomogeneities in a charged quark gluon plasma
• In the Pursuit of $X(5568)$ and its Charmed Partner
• The BEST framework for the search for the QCD critical point and the chiral magnetic effect
• Degeneracy patterns of chiral companions at finite temperature
• QCD at non-zero temperature: bulk properties and heavy quarks
• Two Lectures on QCD at Short Distances: Jets and Factorization
• The Phase Diagram of Two Color QCD
• Consistent approach to study gluon quasi-particles
• Overview of intermittency analysis in heavy-ion collisions
• Hybrid stars and QCD phase transition with a NJL-like model
• Brief Review of Saturation Physics
• Renormalization group optimized $\lambda {\varphi }^4$ pressure at next-to-next-to-leading order
• Gapless Dirac Spectrum at High Temperature
• A test of first order scaling in Nf =2 QCD: a progress report
• Dark Photon as Fractional Cosmic Neutrino Masquerader
• Conformal perturbation theory confronts lattice results in the vicinity of a critical point
• Lattice QCD results on soft and hard probes of strongly interacting matter
• Non extremal geometries and holographic phase transitions
• Jet quenching in QCD matter: from RHIC to LHC
• Properties of quark gluon plasma from lattice calculations
• Singlet Free Energies and Renormalized Polyakov Loop in full QCD
• Numerical study of hot strongly interacting matter
• Critical Opalescence: An Optical Signature for a QCD Critical Point
• Heavy quark-antiquark free energy and thermodynamics of string-hadron avoided crossings
• Color superconductivity in the Nambu Jona-Lasinio model complemented by a Polyakov loop
• Crossover-model approach to QCD phase diagram, equation of state and susceptibilities in the 2+1 and 2+1+1 flavor systems
• QCD phase diagram: overview of recent lattice results
• The QCD EoS from simulations on BlueGene L Supercomputers at LLNL and NYBlue
• Polyakov loop fluctuations in the presence of external fields
• Charmonium suppression in a baryon rich quark-gluon plasma
• Flavor symmetry breaking and scaling for improved staggered actions in quenched QCD
• Recent results on the Equation of State of QCD
• Rapidity dependence of the proton-to-pion ratio in Au+Au and p+p collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 62.4 and 200 GeV
• Predictions of α-decay half-lives for neutron-deficient nuclei with the aid of artificial neural network
• Study of chiral and deconfinement transition in lattice QCD with improved staggered actions
• Hadronic resonance production in Pb-Pb collisions at the ALICE experiment
• Inflection point as a characteristic of the QCD critical point
• Thermodynamics of large N gauge theory from top down holography
• Collective properties of nucleus-nucleus collisions from AGS to LHC energies
• Analytical relation between quark confinement and chiral symmetry breaking in odd-number lattice QCD
• Finite size effects in the thermodynamics of a free neutral scalar field
• Vector meson spectral function and dilepton rate in the presence of strong entanglement effect between the chiral and the Polyakov loop dynamics
• INFN What Next: Ultra-relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Thermodynamical consistency of quasiparticle model at finite baryon density
• Thermodynamical properties of strongly interacting matter in a model with explicit chiral symmetry breaking interactions
• In-medium effect on the thermodynamics and transport coefficients in van der Waals hadron resonance gas
• Critical exponents and transport properties near the QCD critical endpoint from the statistical bootstrap model
• Chiral transition and deconfinement transition in QCD with the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action
• An Augmented QCD Phase Portrait: Mapping Quark-Hadron Deconfinement for Hot, Dense, Rotating Matter under Magnetic Field
• QCD phase diagram from the gluon propagator at finite temperature and density
• The mass and spectral function of scalar and pseudoscalar mesons in a hot and chirally imbalanced medium using the two-flavor NJL model
• Compact star properties from an extended linear sigma model
• Heavy Ions at LHC: A Quest for Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Chiral phase transition in the vector meson extended linear sigma model
• Lattice QCD at Non-Zero Temperature
• Phase Diagram in Quantum Chromodynamics
• Glueballs at high temperature within the Hard-Wall holographic model
• In-medium effects in the holographic quark-gluon plasma
• Quantifying the sensitivity of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis to isospin breaking with input from lattice QCD
• Thermoelectric response of a hot and weakly magnetized anisotropic QCD medium
• Density Functional Equation of State and Its Application to the Phenomenology of Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Parton rearrangement and fast thermalization in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies
• In-Medium Modifications of Low-Mass Vector Mesons in PHENIX at RHIC
• Kinetics of hydrodynamic pions in chiral perturbation theory
• Static quark free energies at finite temperature
• Recent Result in QCD Thermodynamics from the Lattice
• Measurability of phi, omega and rho mesons via di-electron decays in high-temperature states produced in heavy-ion collisions
• Corrections to the hadron resonance gas from lattice QCD and their effect on fluctuation-ratios at finite density
• Finite temperature Lattice QCD with two flavors of improved Wilson fermions
• Effect of chiral imbalance on the electrical conductivity of hot and dense quark matter using Green-Kubo Method within the 2-flavour gauged NJL model
• Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Au+Au collisions at $E_{lab}=35\mathrm{A}\mathrm{GeV}$ using the PHSD model
• Heavy flavor in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Thermal properties of hot and dense medium in interacting hadron resonance gas model
• Chiral Symmetry of SYM theory in hyperbolic space at finite temperature
• Spatial string tension in $N_f=2$ lattice QCD at finite temperature
• A hadron-quark hybrid model reliable for the EoS in ${\mu }_B\le 400$ MeV
• NLO Dispersion Laws for Slow-Moving Quarks in HTL QCD
• The curvature of the QCD phase transition line
• Off-of-equilibrium effects on Kurtosis Along Strangeness-Neutral Trajectories
• Thermodynamics and quark condensates of three-flavor QCD at low temperature
• Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions: Viscous Hydrodynamic Simulations and Final State Interactions
• RHIC physics overview
• DNA Mutations via Chern-Simons Currents
• Some Relations for Quark Confinement and Chiral Symmetry Breaking in QCD
• Constraining the hadronic spectrum and repulsive interactions in a hadron resonance gas via fluctuations of conserved charges
• Thermal-model-based characterization of heavy-ion-collision systems at chemical freeze-out
• Photon emissivity in the vicinity of a critical point - A case study within the quark meson model
• Quark-gluon mixed condensate for the SU(2) light-flavor sector at finite temperature
• Fluids in cosmology
• Baryon octet and decuplet phenomenology in a three-flavor extended linear sigma model
• Low-energy QCD and hadronic structure
• Electrostatic-gravitational oscillator
• Study of net-baryon higher moments in PNJL model and their expectation for net-proton using the Subensemble Acceptance Method for the search of QCD critical point
• Inhomogeneous phase of a Gluon Plasma at finite temperature and density
• High density effective theory on the lattice
• Lattice QCD and Hydro/Cascade Model of Heavy Ion Collisions
• Split of the pseudo-critical temperatures of chiral and confine/deconfine transitions by temperature gradient
• Dissociation of Pseudotensor Mesons through Critical Temperature
• Dynamic density correlations in a baryon rich fluid using Mori-Zwanzig-Nakjima projection operator method
• Effects of (axial)vector mesons on the chiral phase transition: initial results
• Chemical freeze-out parameters of net-kaons in heavy-ion collisions
• Curvature of the QCD critical line with 2+1 HISQ fermions
• Selected challenges in low-energy QCD and hadron physics
• QCD thermodynamics with Wilson fermions
• Constraints on the hadronic spectrum from Lattice QCD
• Lattice-based equation of state with a critical point from constant entropy contours and its comparison to effective QCD approaches
• Status of Strangeness-Flavor Signature of QGP
• Ks, Lambda and Xi production at intermediate to high pT from Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 39, 11.5 and 7.7 GeV
• Strangeness at high temperatures
• Dilepton Production as a Probe of Pion Condensation in Hot and Dense QCD Matter
• Heavy lepton pair production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC energy - a case study
• Hybrid star properties from an extended linear sigma model
• Smooth matching of $\hat{q}$ from hadronic to quark and gluon degrees of freedom
• A non-perturbative approach to the study of confinement-deconfinement phase transition in S U(3) dual QCD formulation
• Extracting the strangeness freeze-out temperature from net-Kaon data at RHIC
• Is the 2-Flavor Chiral Transition of First Order?
• Symmetries and symmetry breaking patterns in QCD: chiral and deconfinement transitions
• Effective color charge in high temperaure gluon plasma at A_0 background
• Collective long-range particle correlations in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC with the CMS detector
• Double ratio of charmonia in p+Pb collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=5.02 TeV
• Recent Progress in Lattice QCD
• Supersymmetric plasma systems and their nonsupersymmetric counterparts
• High Energy Nuclear Collisions: Theory Overview
• Progress in Lattice QCD at non-zero temperature and QGP
• Dynamical fermions in lattice quantum chromodynamics
• The lattice and quantized Yang-Mills theory
• Curvature of the phase transition line in the mu-T plane
• The QCD Equation of State
• The QCD equation of state from improved staggered fermions
• QCD finite T transition -- Comparison between Wilson and staggered results