Review of performance metrics of spin qubits in gated semiconducting nanostructures

Abstract

This Technical Review collects values of selected performance characteristics of semiconductor spin qubits defined in electrically controlled nanostructures. The characteristics are envisioned to serve as a community source for the values of figures of merit with agreed-on definitions allowing the comparison of different spin qubit platforms. We include characteristics on the qubit coherence, speed, fidelity, and the qubit-size of multiqubit devices. The focus is on collecting and curating the values of these characteristics as reported in the literature, rather than on their motivation or significance.

The 9th version of the review. It covers values published until the end of September 2024. Please see https://github.com/PeterStano/ReviewOfSpinQubits for changes with respect to the previous version

References in corpus (77)

• Single-shot read-out of an individual electron spin in a quantum dot
• Driven coherent oscillations of a single electron spin in a quantum dot
• Coherent control of a single electron spin with electric fields
• An addressable quantum dot qubit with fault-tolerant control fidelity
• Demonstration of Entanglement of Electrostatically Coupled Singlet-Triplet Qubits
• How to Enhance Dephasing Time in Superconducting Qubits
• Computing with spin qubits at the surface code error threshold
• Fast universal quantum control above the fault-tolerance threshold in silicon
• Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics with a Spin Qubit
• Prospects for Spin-Based Quantum Computing
• A four-qubit germanium quantum processor
• Zeeman energy and spin relaxation in a one-electron quantum dot
• Qubits made by advanced semiconductor manufacturing
• Electrometry Using Coherent Exchange Oscillations in a Singlet-Triplet-Qubit
• Two-qubit silicon quantum processor with operation fidelity exceeding 99%
• Strong Coupling of a Single Electron in Silicon to a Microwave Photon
• Scalable gate architecture for densely packed semiconductor spin qubits
• CMOS-based cryogenic control of silicon quantum circuits
• Fast Single-Charge Sensing with an rf Quantum Point Contact
• Scaling silicon-based quantum computing using CMOS technology: State-of-the-art, Challenges and Perspectives
• Enhancing the Coherence of a Spin Qubit by Operating it as a Feedback Loop That Controls its Nuclear Spin Bath
• Precision tomography of a three-qubit donor quantum processor in silicon
• Coherent spin manipulation in an exchange-only qubit
• Spin-echo of a single electron spin in a quantum dot
• Suppressing qubit dephasing using real-time Hamiltonian estimation
• Hyperfine-mediated gate-driven electron spin resonance
• A high-sensitivity gate-based charge sensor in silicon
• Rapid high-fidelity gate-based spin read-out in silicon
• A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge
• Electrically controlling single spin qubits in a continuous microwave field
• Microwave-driven coherent operations of a semiconductor quantum dot charge qubit
• Quantifying the quantum gate fidelity of single-atom spin qubits in silicon by randomized benchmarking
• Experimental signature of phonon-mediated spin relaxation
• Single-qubit lasing and cooling at the Rabi frequency
• Loading a quantum-dot based "Qubyte" register
• Performance comparison of dynamical decoupling sequences for a qubit in a rapidly fluctuating spin-bath
• Measurement of Temporal Correlations of the Overhauser Field in a Double Quantum Dot
• Quantum tomography of an entangled three-spin state in silicon
• Fast Electrical Control of Single Electron Spins in Quantum Dots with Vanishing Influence from Nuclear Spins
• Universal phase shift and non-exponential decay of driven single-spin oscillations
• Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics Architecture for Gate-Defined Quantum Dots in Silicon
• Radio-frequency detected fast charge sensing in undoped silicon quantum dots
• Conditional operation of a spin qubit
• Heavy hole states in Germanium hut wires
• A flexible design platform for Si/SiGe exchange-only qubits with low disorder
• Quantum nondemolition measurement of an electron spin qubit
• Site-selective quantum control in an isotopically enriched 28Si/SiGe quadruple quantum dot
• Fast and high-fidelity state preparation and measurement in triple-quantum-dot spin qubits
• Anisotropic Pauli Spin Blockade of Holes in a GaAs Double Quantum Dot
• A few-electron quadruple quantum dot in a closed loop
• Charge detection in an array of CMOS quantum dots
• Non-destructive measurement of electron spins in a quantum dot
• Clean carbon nanotubes coupled to superconducting impedance-matching circuits
• Quantum simulation of antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with gate-defined quantum dots
• Spin relaxation anisotropy in a GaAs quantum dot
• A silicon singlet-triplet qubit driven by spin-valley coupling
• Detuning Axis Pulsed Spectroscopy of Valley-Orbital States in Si/SiGe Quantum Dots
• Full control of quadruple quantum dot circuit charge states in the single electron regime
• A two-dimensional array of single-hole quantum dots
• Simultaneous Operations in a Two-Dimensional Array of Singlet-Triplet Qubits
• Long-Distance Superexchange between Semiconductor Quantum-Dot Electron Spins
• Enhanced spin coherence while displacing electron in a 2D array of quantum dots
• Spin digitizer for high-fidelity readout of a cavity-coupled silicon triple quantum dot
• Single-shot readout of a driven hybrid qubit in a GaAs double quantum dot
• Magnetic Gradient Fluctuations from Quadrupolar ${}^{73}$Ge in Si/SiGe Exchange-Only Qubits
• Bell-state tomography in a silicon many-electron artificial molecule
• Probing the Spatial Variation of the Inter-Valley Tunnel Coupling in a Silicon Triple Quantum Dot
• Dispersively probed microwave spectroscopy of a silicon hole double quantum dot
• Microwave spectroscopy of a carbon nanotube charge qubit
• A linear triple quantum dot system in isolated configuration
• Fast Bayesian tomography of a two-qubit gate set in silicon
• Beating the thermal limit of qubit initialization with a Bayesian Maxwell's demon
• Lifetime measurements (T1) of electron spins in Si/SiGe quantum dots
• Magnetic gradient free two axis control of a valley spin qubit in SiGe
• Probabilistic teleportation of a quantum dot spin qubit
• Co-tunneling spin blockade observed in a three-terminal triple quantum dot
• Integrated multiplexed microwave readout of silicon quantum dots in a cryogenic CMOS chip

Cited by in corpus (72)

• Semiconductor Spin Qubits
• Reducing charge noise in quantum dots by using thin silicon quantum wells
• Long-lived valley states in bilayer graphene quantum dots
• Noise-correlation spectrum for a pair of spin qubits in silicon
• Hard superconducting gap in germanium
• Single-shot readout in graphene quantum dots
• Two-qubit logic between distant spins in silicon
• Universal control of four singlet-triplet qubits
• Electrical control of uniformity in quantum dot devices
• Mapping of valley-splitting by conveyor-mode spin-coherent electron shuttling
• Enhanced Electron Spin Coherence in a GaAs Quantum Emitter
• High-fidelity two-qubit gates of hybrid superconducting-semiconducting singlet-triplet qubits
• Fast quantum transfer mediated by topological domain walls
• Quantum Batteries: A Materials Science Perspective
• Spin-Valley Protected Kramers Pair in Bilayer Graphene
• Charge-noise induced dephasing in silicon hole-spin qubits
• Testing platform-independent quantum error mitigation on noisy quantum computers
• Real-time two-axis control of a spin qubit
• Compromise-Free Scaling of Qubit Speed and Coherence
• High Fidelity Control of a Nitrogen-Vacancy Spin Qubit at Room Temperature using the SMART Protocol
• Decoherence induced by a sparse bath of two-level fluctuators: peculiar features of $1/f$ noise in high-quality qubits
• Coherent interaction of a-few-electron quantum dot with a terahertz optical resonator
• Improved placement precision of implanted donor spin qubits in silicon using molecule ions
• A two-dimensional 10-qubit array in germanium with robust and localised qubit control
• Single-step high-fidelity three-qubit gates by anisotropic chiral interactions
• Layering and subpool exploration for adaptive Variational Quantum Eigensolvers: Reducing circuit depth, runtime, and susceptibility to noise
• Pauli blockade catalogue and three- and four-particle Kondo effect in bilayer graphene quantum dots
• Agents for self-driving laboratories applied to quantum computing
• Flying Spin Qubits in Quantum Dot Arrays Driven by Spin-Orbit Interaction
• Nuclear Spin Engineering for Quantum Information Science
• 1/f noise in quantum nanoscience
• Protected Solid-State Qubits
• Modelling of planar germanium hole qubits in electric and magnetic fields
• Subgap states in semiconductor-superconductor devices for quantum technologies: Andreev qubits and minimal Majorana chains
• The origins of noise in the Zeeman splitting of spin qubits in natural-silicon devices
• A compact and versatile cryogenic probe station for quantum device testing
• A photonic which-path entangler based on longitudinal cavity-qubit coupling
• Semiconductor-based electron flying qubits: Review on recent progress accelerated by numerical modelling
• Leveraging Off-the-Shelf Silicon Chips for Quantum Computing
• A spinless spin qubit
• Optimal operation of hole spin qubits
• Density Matrix Renormalization Group Study of Domain Wall Qubits
• Quantum geometric protocols for fast high-fidelity adiabatic state transfer
• Quantum estimation and remote charge sensing with a hole-spin qubit in silicon
• Entangled Photon-Pair Emission in Waveguide Circuit QED from a Cooper Pair Splitter
• Erasure conversion for singlet-triplet spin qubits enables high-performance shuttling-based quantum error correction
• Mitigation of exchange cross-talk in dense quantum dot arrays
• Radiofrequency cascade readout of coupled spin qubits
• Quantification of the heavy-hole--light-hole mixing in two-dimensional hole gases
• Minimal evolution times for fast, pulse-based state preparation in silicon spin qubits
• Envelope-function theory of inhomogeneous strain in semiconductor nanostructures
• Terahertz Spin-Light Coupling in Proximitized Dirac Materials
• Multi-qubit DC gates over an inhomogeneous array of quantum dots
• Variability of hole spin qubits in planar Germanium
• Quantum gates in coupled quantum dots controlled by coupling modulation
• Concatenated continuous driving of silicon qubit by amplitude and phase modulation
• Spin-qubit readout analysis based on a hidden Markov model
• Fabrication, characterization and mechanical loading of Si/SiGe membranes for spin qubit devices
• Andreev spin qubit protected by Franck-Condon blockade
• Dressed basis sets for the modeling of exchange interactions in double quantum dots
• Proposed Five-Electron Charge Quadrupole Qubit
• Protecting entanglement witnesses with randomized measurements
• Dynamical nuclear spin polarization in a quantum dot with an electron spin driven by electric dipole spin resonance
• Digital-Controlled Method of Conveyor-Belt Spin Shuttling in Silicon for Large-Scale Quantum Computation
• Negative exchange interaction in Si quantum dot arrays via valley-phase induced ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ gauge field
• Wide Electrical Tunability of the Valley Splitting in a Doubly gated Silicon-on-Insulator Quantum Well
• Comparison of spin-qubit architectures for quantum error-correcting codes
• Robust Tripartite Entanglement Generation via Correlated Noise in Spin Qubits
• Extending Qubit Coherence Time via Hybrid Dynamical Decoupling
• Spin qubit shuttling between coupled quantum dots with inhomogeneous Landé g-tensors
• Four-state discrimination for a pair of spin qubits via gate reflectometry
• Kramers-protected hardware-efficient error correction with Andreev spin qubits