The 2021 Quantum Materials Roadmap

Abstract

In recent years, the notion of Quantum Materials has emerged as a powerful unifying concept across diverse fields of science and engineering, from condensed-matter and cold atom physics to materials science and quantum computing. Beyond traditional quantum materials such as unconventional superconductors, heavy fermions, and multiferroics, the field has significantly expanded to encompass topological quantum matter, two-dimensional materials and their van der Waals heterostructures, Moire materials, Floquet time crystals, as well as materials and devices for quantum computation with Majorana fermions. In this Roadmap collection we aim to capture a snapshot of the most recent developments in the field, and to identify outstanding challenges and emerging opportunities. The format of the Roadmap, whereby experts in each discipline share their viewpoint and articulate their vision for quantum materials, reflects the dynamic and multifaceted nature of this research area, and is meant to encourage exchanges and discussions across traditional disciplinary boundaries. It is our hope that this collective vision will contribute to sparking new fascinating questions and activities at the intersection of materials science, condensed matter physics, device engineering, and quantum information, and to shaping a clearer landscape of quantum materials science as a new frontier of interdisciplinary scientific inquiry.

93 pages, 27 figures

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• Photonic Floquet Topological Insulators
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• Type-II Weyl Semimetals
• Advances in the Physics of Magnetic Skyrmions and Perspective for Technology
• Discovery of a Three-dimensional Topological Dirac Semimetal, Na3Bi
• Solving the Quantum Many-Body Problem with Artificial Neural Networks
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• Universal High-Frequency Behavior of Periodically Driven Systems: from Dynamical Stabilization to Floquet Engineering
• Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultra-low Current Densities
• Observation of Floquet-Bloch states on the surface of a topological insulator
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• Ultrastrong coupling regimes of light-matter interaction
• Transport properties of non-equilibrium systems under the application of light: Photo-induced quantum Hall insulators without Landau levels
• Observation of high coherence in Josephson junction qubits measured in a three-dimensional circuit QED architecture
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• Realizing Majorana zero modes in superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures
• Progress in Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory
• Sub-diffractional, volume-confined polaritons in a natural hyperbolic material: hexagonal boron nitride
• Quantum oscillations and the Fermi surface in an underdoped high-Tc superconductor
• Catalogue of Topological Electronic Materials
• Flat Bands in Slightly Twisted Bilayer Graphene
• Current-induced skyrmion dynamics in constricted geometries
• A >99.9%-fidelity quantum-dot spin qubit with coherence limited by charge noise
• Majorana quantization and half-integer thermal quantum Hall effect in a Kitaev spin liquid
• Light-induced anomalous Hall effect in graphene
• Observation of the Quantum Spin Hall Effect up to 100 Kelvin in a Monolayer Crystal
• An optically stimulated superconducting-like phase in K3C60 far above equilibrium Tc
• Control of spin-orbit torques through crystal symmetry in WTe2/ferromagnet bilayers
• Magnetic-field-induced charge-stripe order in the high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3Oy
• Evidence for Majorana bound state in an iron-based superconductor
• A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon
• Unveiling a two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO3
• Discovery of Magnetic Antiskyrmions Beyond Room Temperature in Tetragonal Heusler Materials
• Spin-Orbit Physics Giving Rise to Novel Phases in Correlated Systems: Iridates and Related Materials
• Ultrafast switching to a stable hidden topologically protected quantum state in an electronic crystal
• Observation of topological polaritons and photonic magic angles in twisted van der Waals bi-layers
• Charge-Order and Broken Rotational Symmetry in Magic Angle Twisted Bilayer Graphene
• The European Quantum Technologies Roadmap
• Signatures of Gate-Tunable Superconductivity in Trilayer Graphene/Boron Nitride Moiré Superlattice
• Spin torque building blocks
• The doping dependence of T* - what is the real high-Tc phase diagram?
• Static and Dynamical Properties of Antiferromagnetic Skyrmions in the Presence of Applied Current and Temperature
• Conductivity in organic semiconductors hybridized with the vacuum field
• Interfacing spin qubits in quantum dots and donors - hot, dense and coherent
• Models and Materials for Generalized Kitaev Magnetism
• Non Fermi-Liquid States and Pairing of a general Model of Copper-Oxide Metals
• Twistable electronics with dynamically rotatable heterostructures
• Evidence of Gate-Tunable Mott Insulator in Trilayer Graphene-Boron Nitride Moiré Superlattice
• Highly crystalline 2D superconductors
• Quantum CNOT Gate for Spins in Silicon
• Maximally-localized Wannier orbitals and the extended Hubbard model for the twisted bilayer graphene
• Strange metal in magic-angle graphene with near Planckian dissipation
• Nonlinear lattice dynamics as a basis for enhanced superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O6.5
• Epitaxy of Semiconductor-Superconductor nanowires
• Ultrafast optical spectroscopy of strongly correlated materials and high-temperature superconductors: a non-equilibrium approach
• Ultraflat bands and shear solitons in Moiré patterns of twisted bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Discovering physical concepts with neural networks
• From Andreev to Majorana bound states in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanowires
• Machine learning modeling of superconducting critical temperature
• Mapping the twist angle and unconventional Landau levels in magic angle graphene
• Higgs Amplitude Mode in BCS Superconductors Nb${}_{1-x}$Ti${}_x$N induced by Terahertz Pulse Excitation
• Metastable ferroelectricity in optically strained $SrTi{O}_3$
• Electrically Tunable Low Density Superconductivity in a Monolayer Topological Insulator
• Change of carrier density at the pseudogap critical point of a cuprate superconductor
• Phonon scattering dominated electron transport in twisted bilayer graphene
• Selective scattering between Floquet-Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator
• Quantum critical point lying beneath the superconducting dome in iron-pnictides
• The germanium quantum information route
• Fidelity benchmarks for two-qubit gates in silicon
• An effective magnetic field from optically driven phonons
• Quantum Boltzmann Machine
• Thermal skyrmion diffusion applied in probabilistic computing
• Dirac Electrons in a Dodecagonal Graphene Quasicrystal
• Scattering and Pairing in Cuprate Superconductors
• Fluctuations of Energy-Relaxation Times in Superconducting Qubits
• The remarkable underlying ground states of cuprate superconductors
• Universal $T$-linear resistivity and Planckian limit in overdoped cuprates
• Ultrafast reversal of the ferroelectric polarization
• Majorana box qubits
• Higher-Order Topological Insulator in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
• A Crossbar Network for Silicon Quantum Dot Qubits
• Turning a nickelate Fermi surface into a cuprate-like one through heterostructuring
• Quantum Loop Topography for Machine Learning
• Pseudogap induced by short-range spin correlations in a doped Mott insulator
• Realization of microwave quantum circuits using hybrid superconducting-semiconducting nanowire Josephson elements
• Equilibration and Order in Quantum Floquet Matter
• Tuning laser-induced bandgaps in graphene
• Nonlinear light-matter interaction at terahertz frequencies
• Simultaneous Transitions in Cuprate Momentum-Space Topology and Electronic Symmetry Breaking
• Multiterminal Conductance of a Floquet Topological Insulator
• The anomalous Floquet-Anderson insulator as a non-adiabatic quantized charge pump
• Non-Abelian band topology in noninteracting metals
• Microwave Dielectric Loss at Single Photon Energies and milliKelvin Temperatures
• Single particle and collective excitations in the one-dimensional charge density wave solid K0.3MoO3 probed in real time by femtosecond spectroscopy
• Self-Consistent Measurement and State Tomography of an Exchange-Only Spin Qubit
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• Out of equilibrium electrons and the Hall conductance of a Floquet topological insulator
• Fermi Surface and Quasiparticle Excitations of overdoped Tl2Ba2CuO6+d by ARPES
• Direct measurement of the upper critical field in a cuprate superconductor
• Strong Coupling Cavity QED with Gate-Defined Double Quantum Dots Enabled by a High Impedance Resonator
• Superconducting Gatemon Qubit based on a Proximitized Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
• Inelastic electron backscattering in a generic helical edge channel
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• Valence Bonds in Random Quantum Magnets: Theory and Application to YbMgGaO4
• Hund's rule-driven Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at 3d-5d interfaces
• Frustrated quantum rare-earth pyrochlores
• Silicon qubit fidelities approaching incoherent noise limits via pulse engineering
• Theory of correlated insulating behaviour and spin-triplet superconductivity in twisted double bilayer graphene
• Correlation between linear resistivity and $T_c$ in the Bechgaard salts and the pnictide superconductor Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Superconductor-semiconductor hybrid cavity quantum electrodynamics
• Robust Type-II Weyl Semimetal Phase in Transition Metal Diphosphides XP${}_2$ (X = Mo, W)
• Ultrafast and Nanoscale Plasmonic Phenomena in Exfoliated Graphene Revealed by Infrared Pump-Probe Nanoscopy
• Thermodynamic signatures of quantum criticality in cuprates
• Monolayer FeSe on SrTiO${}_3$
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• Gate-Tunable Topological Flat Bands in Trilayer Graphene-Boron Nitride Moiré Superlattices
• Cooperative photoinduced metastable phase control in strained manganite films
• A scalable control system for a superconducting adiabatic quantum optimization processor
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• Machine Learning in Electronic Quantum Matter Imaging Experiments
• Perspective on topological states of non-Hermitian lattices
• Origin of superconductivity and latent charge density wave in NbS${}_2$
• Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics of Granular Aluminum Resonators
• Effect of radiation on transport in graphene
• Strong electron-phonon coupling, electron-hole asymmetry, and nonadiabaticity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
• Coherent Order Parameter Oscillations in the Ground State of the Excitonic Insulator Ta2NiSe5
• Van der Waals thin films of WTe2 for natural hyperbolic plasmonic surfaces
• Synthesis of thin-film black phosphorus on a flexible substrate
• Gate-reflectometry dispersive readout and coherent control of a spin qubit in silicon
• Machine learning out-of-equilibrium phases of matter
• Magnetic Field Driven Nodal Topological Superconductivity in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
• Active Tuning of Surface Phonon Polariton Resonances via Carrier Photoinjection
• Moiré phonons in the twisted bilayer graphene
• Two-dimensional Superconductors with Atomic-scale Thicknesses
• Approximately quantized thermal Hall effect of chiral liquids coupled to phonons
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• Topological order in the pseudogap metal
• Pseudogap temperature as a Widom line in doped Mott insulators
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• Time crystals in periodically driven systems
• Suppression of 1/f noise in solid state quantum devices by surface spin desorption
• Type-II Ising superconductivity in two-dimensional materials with strong spin-orbit coupling
• Tuning 2D hyperbolic plasmons in black phosphorus
• Fast gate-based readout of silicon quantum dots using Josephson parametric amplification
• Toward Realistic Amorphous Topological Insulators
• Control of spin-orbit torques by interface engineering in topological insulator heterostructures
• Shadow epitaxy for in-situ growth of generic semiconductor/superconductor devices
• Critical Spin Liquid versus Valence Bond Glass in Triangular Lattice Organic $\kappa$-(ET)${}_2$Cu${}_2$(CN)${}_3$
• Transport studies of epi-Al/InAs 2DEG systems for required building-blocks in topological superconductor networks
• Detection of Topological Materials with Machine Learning
• Observation of Volkov-Pankratov states in topological HgTe heterojunctions using high-frequency compressibility
• Towards Weyltronics: Realization of epitaxial NbP and TaP Weyl Semimetal thin films
• In-plane selective area InSb-Al nanowire quantum networks
• Overlap junctions for high coherence superconducting qubits
• 2D superconductivity and vortex dynamics in 1T-MoS2
• Electronic structure calculations of twisted multi-layer graphene superlattices
• One-Component Order Parameter in URu${}_2$Si${}_2$ Uncovered by Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and Machine Learning
• Machine learning the computational cost of quantum chemistry
• Spatio-temporal dynamics of shift current quantum pumping by femtosecond light pulse
• Insulators and metals with topological order and discrete symmetry breaking

Cited by in corpus (66)

• Van der Waals heterostructures for spintronics and opto-spintronics
• Nonthermal pathways to ultrafast control in quantum materials
• Simulating Quantum Materials with Digital Quantum Computers
• Connecting Higher-Order Topology with the Orbital Hall Effect in Monolayers of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
• Machine learning for materials discovery: two-dimensional topological insulators
• Numerical study of PbTe-Pb hybrid nanowires for engineering Majorana zero modes
• Exploring Quantum Materials with Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering
• Disorder effects of vacancies on the electronic transport properties of realistic topological insulators nanoribbons: the case of bismuthene
• Manipulation of Spin Transport in Graphene/Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterobilayers upon Twisting
• Twistronics of Janus transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers
• Low-symmetry topological materials for large charge-to-spin interconversion: The case of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
• Amorphous Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ structural, electronic, and topological nature by first-principles
• Structural and electronic properties of realistic two-dimensional amorphous topological insulators
• 3/2 magic-angle quantization rule of flat bands in twisted bilayer graphene and relationship with the Quantum Hall effect
• Floquet engineering correlated materials with unpolarized light
• Quantum noise spectroscopy of dynamical critical phenomena
• Spin-polarized tunable photocurrents
• Principles of 2D terahertz spectroscopy of collective excitations: the case of Josephson plasmons in layered superconductors
• Nonreciprocal transport in a Rashba ferromagnet, delafossite PdCoO${}_2$
• Hinge Spin Polarization in Magnetic Topological Insulators Revealed by Resistance Switch
• Visualizing giant ferroelectric gating effects in large-scale WSe${}_2$/BiFeO${}_3$ heterostructures
• Quadrature protection of squeezed states in a one-dimensional photonic topological insulator
• Transferable empirical pseudopotenials from machine learning
• Drude weight of an interacting flat-band metal
• Bootstrapped Dimensional Crossover of a Spin Density Wave
• Grapheayne: a class of low-energy carbon allotropes with diverse optoelectronic and topological properties
• Quantum Hall edge states under periodic driving: a Floquet induced chirality switch
• A Heavy-Fermion Zn-deficient CaBe2Ge2-Type Phase with Rare Ce-based Ferromagnetism and Large Magnetoresistance
• Anomalous Hall effect with plateaus observed in a magnetic Weyl semimetal NdAlGe at low temperatures
• Conformational analysis of tannic acid: environment effects in electronic and reactivity properties
• Zoology of spin and orbital fluctuations in ultrathin oxide films
• Thin films as practical quantum materials: a status quo and beyond
• Entanglement Witness for Indistinguishable Electrons using Solid-State Spectroscopy
• Ultrafast generation of hidden phases via energy-tuned electronic photoexcitation in magnetite
• Emergent magnetism with continuous control in the ultrahigh conductivity layered oxide PdCoO2
• Room temperature spin-orbit torque efficiency in sputtered low-temperature superconductor delta-TaN
• In-situ uniaxial pressure cell for X-ray and neutron scattering experiments
• Resonant phonons: Localization in a structurally ordered crystal
• GW effects on the topology of type-II Dirac cones in NiTe${}_2$, PtSe${}_2$ and PtTe${}_2$
• Dephasing of Majorana qubits due to quasistatic disorder
• Atomistic insights into ultrafast SiGe nanoprocessing
• InP/GaSb core-shell nanowires: a novel hole-based platform with strong spin-orbit coupling for full-shell hybrid devices
• d5-off-centering induced ferroelectric and magnetoelectric correlations in trirutile-Fe2TeO6
• Moiré-modulated band gap and van Hove singularities in twisted bilayer germanene
• Finite-bias transport through the interacting resonant level model coupled to a phonon mode -- a functional renormalization group study
• Entanglement detection in quantum materials with competing orders
• Reconciling monolayer and bilayer $J_{\mathrm{eff}}=1/2$ square lattices in hybrid oxide superlattice
• Strain-driven switching between antiferromagnetic states in frustrated antiferromagnet UO2 probed by exchange bias effect
• Floquet Engineering of a Diatomic Molecule Through a Bichromatic Radiation Field
• Light-induced Nonlinear Spin Hall Current in Single-layer WTe${}_2$
• High-resolution MHz time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy based on a tunable vacuum ultraviolet source
• Resilient Intraparticle Entanglement and its Manifestation in Spin Dynamics of Disordered Dirac Materials
• From basic science to technological development: the case for two avenues
• I-centered vs F-centered orthorhombic symmetry and negative thermal expansion of the charge density wave of EuAl2Ga2
• Resistively detected electron spin resonance and g-factor in few-layer exfoliated MoS2 devices
• In-situ scattering studies of superconducting vacancy-ordered monoclinic TiO thin films
• Oxygen hole content, charge-transfer gap, covalency, and cuprate superconductivity
• Boosting proximity spin orbit coupling in graphene/WSe${}_2$ heterostructures via hydrostatic pressure
• Fast spectroscopic mapping of two-dimensional quantum materials
• High-Resolution Capacitance Dilatometry of Microscopically Thin Samples Using a Miniature Dilatometer
• Hamiltonian parameter inference from resonant inelastic x-ray scattering with active learning
• Band engineering aided by topological edge state proximity effects: Inducing anti-chirality in graphene
• Nonequilibrium Green's function approach to multi-band Cooper-pair transport: linear magnetoresistance effect due to nonunitary superconductivity
• Quantum Atomic Matter Near Two-Dimensional Materials in Microgravity
• Predication of topological states in the allotropes of group-IV elements
• Valley-Polarized Quantum Anomalous Hall Phase in Bilayer Graphene with Layer-Dependent Proximity Effects