The European Quantum Technologies Roadmap

Abstract

Within the last two decades, Quantum Technologies (QT) have made tremendous progress, moving from Noble Prize award-winning experiments on quantum physics into a cross-disciplinary field of applied research. Technologies are being developed now that explicitly address individual quantum states and make use of the 'strange' quantum properties, such as superposition and entanglement. The field comprises four domains: Quantum Communication, Quantum Simulation, Quantum Computation, and Quantum Sensing and Metrology. One success factor for the rapid advancement of QT is a well-aligned global research community with a common understanding of the challenges and goals. In Europe, this community has profited from several coordination projects, which have orchestrated the creation of a 150-page QT Roadmap. This article presents an updated summary of this roadmap. Besides sections on the four domains of QT, we have included sections on Quantum Theory and Software, and on Quantum Control, as both are important areas of research that cut across all four domains. Each section, after a short introduction to the domain, gives an overview on its current status and main challenges and then describes the advances in science and technology foreseen for the next ten years and beyond.

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Cited by in corpus (297)

• Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) algorithms
• Quantum Error Mitigation
• Entanglement Certification $-$ From Theory to Experiment
• Quantum certification and benchmarking
• Charger-mediated energy transfer for quantum batteries: an open system approach
• Colloquium: Quantum Batteries
• Charger-mediated energy transfer in exactly-solvable models for quantum batteries
• Quantum Computing for High-Energy Physics: State of the Art and Challenges. Summary of the QC4HEP Working Group
• Roadmap on Atomtronics: State of the art and perspective
• Introduction to the Pontryagin Maximum Principle for Quantum Optimal Control
• Stable adiabatic quantum batteries
• General Resource Theories in Quantum Mechanics and Beyond: Operational Characterization via Discrimination Tasks
• Leakage reduction in fast superconducting qubit gates via optimal control
• Defect-free assembly of 2D clusters of more than 100 single-atom quantum systems
• The 2021 Quantum Materials Roadmap
• Generation of optical Schrödinger cat states in intense laser-matter interactions
• Circular dichroism in high-order harmonic generation: Heralding topological phases and transitions in Chern insulators
• Quantum computers as universal quantum simulators: state-of-art and perspectives
• Theory of quantum system certification: a tutorial
• A general framework for randomized benchmarking
• A resource efficient approach for quantum and classical simulations of gauge theories in particle physics
• CVD diamond single crystals with NV centres: a review of material synthesis and technology for quantum sensing applications
• Quantum Non-Hermitian Topological Sensors
• Quantum imaging with sub-Poissonian light: challenges and perspectives in optical metrology
• Krotov: A Python implementation of Krotov's method for quantum optimal control
• One decade of quantum optimal control in the chopped random basis
• Applications of Near-Term Photonic Quantum Computers: Software and Algorithms
• Collisional quantum thermometry
• Review of Distributed Quantum Computing. From single QPU to High Performance Quantum Computing
• Landauer vs. Nernst: What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System?
• Charging and energy fluctuations of a driven quantum battery
• Defining the quantum workforce landscape: a review of global quantum education initiatives
• Majorana-like zero modes in Kekulé distorted sonic lattices
• Optimal Control Methods for Quantum Batteries
• Magic-state resource theory for the ground state of the transverse-field Ising model
• A tensor network annealing algorithm for two-dimensional thermal states
• Anonymous transmission in a noisy quantum network using the W state
• Optimized Designs for Telecom-Wavelength Quantum Light Sources Based on Hybrid Circular Bragg Gratings
• Theory of Majorana zero modes in unconventional superconductors
• The Future Quantum Workforce: Competences, Requirements and Forecasts
• Counterdiabatic Optimised Local Driving
• Characterizing multipartite entanglement with moments of random correlations
• Reinforcement Learning Decoders for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation
• Information Processing Capacity of Spin-Based Quantum Reservoir Computing Systems
• Quantum Statistical Enhancement of the Collective Performance of Multiple Bosonic Engines
• Optimal Inverse Design of Magnetic Field Profiles in a Magnetically Shielded Cylinder
• Tools for the Performance Optimization of Single-Photon Quantum Key Distribution
• Symmetries and conserved quantities of boundary time crystals in generalized spin models
• Sub-cycle quantum electrodynamics in strongly laser-driven semiconductors
• Nonstabilizerness determining the hardness of direct fidelity estimation
• Frustrating quantum batteries
• Superconducting phenomena in systems with unconventional magnets
• A Tutorial on Optimal Control and Reinforcement Learning methods for Quantum Technologies
• Hamiltonian Learning for Quantum Error Correction
• Combining critical and quantum metrology
• Strong laser physics, non-classical light states and quantum information science
• Recovering quantum gates from few average gate fidelities
• Network Community Detection On Small Quantum Computers
• Controlling and exploring quantum systems by algebraic expression of adiabatic gauge potential
• Entanglement and squeezing of the optical field modes in high harmonic generation
• Introduction to Theoretical and Experimental aspects of Quantum Optimal Control
• Strong laser fields and their power to generate controllable high-photon-number coherent-state superpositions
• Contracting projected entangled pair states is average-case hard
• Coherent long-distance spin-qubit-transmon coupling
• Quantum Floquet engineering with an exactly solvable tight-binding chain in a cavity
• One- and two-axis squeezing via laser coupling in an atomic Fermi-Hubbard model
• Towards European Standards for Quantum Technologies
• High-quality photonic entanglement based on a silicon chip
• Interfacing scalable photonic platforms: solid-state based multi-photon interference in a reconfigurable glass chip
• Probing quantum correlations in many-body systems: a review of scalable methods
• Artificial intelligence discovery of a charging protocol in a micromaser quantum battery
• Enhancing coherent energy transfer between quantum devices via a mediator
• Exceptional odd-frequency pairing in non-Hermitian superconducting systems
• Randomizing multi-product formulas for Hamiltonian simulation
• Equilibration towards generalized Gibbs ensembles in non-interacting theories
• Floquet engineering topological many-body localized systems
• Randomized benchmarking for individual quantum gates
• Electron-correlation induced nonclassicallity of light from high-harmonic generation
• Quantum time crystals with programmable disorder in higher dimensions
• A Genuine Multipartite Bell Inequality for Device-independent Conference Key Agreement
• Quantum simulation of thermodynamics in an integrated quantum photonic processor
• Theory of entanglement and measurement in high harmonic generation
• Adaptive estimation of quantum observables
• Dynamical structure factors of dynamical quantum simulators
• Optically rewritable memory in a graphene/ferroelectric-photovoltaic heterostructure
• One-axis twisting as a method of generating many-body Bell correlations
• Exploiting Landscape Geometry to Enhance Quantum Optimal Control
• Exact results for persistent currents of two bosons in a ring lattice
• Quantum simulations with complex geometries and synthetic gauge fields in a trapped ion chain
• Space qualification of ultrafast laser written integrated waveguide optics
• QUICK${}^3$ -- Design of a satellite-based quantum light source for quantum communication and extended physical theory tests in space
• Phase-tunable thermoelectricity in a Josephson junction
• Time-optimal purification of a qubit in contact with a structured environment
• Shortcuts to adiabaticity: theoretical framework, relations between different methods, and versatile approximations
• Hilbert curve vs Hilbert space: exploiting fractal 2D covering to increase tensor network efficiency
• Approximating the quantum approximate optimization algorithm with digital-analog interactions
• Resonant shortcuts for adiabatic rapid passage with only $z$-field control
• Non-Hermitian phase-biased Josephson junctions
• Quantum read-out for cold atomic quantum simulators
• Encrypt me! A game-based approach to Bell inequalities and quantum cryptography
• Quantum control for high-fidelity multi-qubit gates
• Noise representations of open system dynamics
• A Feshbach engine in the Thomas-Fermi regime
• Multi-mode architectures for noise-resilient superconducting qubits
• Influence of noise in entanglement-based quantum networks
• Density functional Bogoliubov-de Gennes analysis of superconducting Nb and Nb(110) surfaces
• Quantum and classical correlations in open quantum-spin lattices via truncated-cumulant trajectories
• Correcting non-independent and non-identically distributed errors with surface codes
• Supporting quantum technologies with an ultra-low loss silicon photonics platform
• Quantum scale estimation
• Quantum Fisher information maximization in an unbalanced interferometer
• Approximate Dynamics Lead to More Optimal Control: Efficient Exact Derivatives
• Quantum memory enhanced dissipative entanglement creation in non-equilibrium steady states
• Phase-tunable electron transport assisted by odd-frequency Cooper pairs in topological Josephson junctions
• Speeding up adiabatic passage with an optimal modified Roland-Cerf protocol
• Hierarchy of Nonlinear Entanglement Dynamics for Continuous Variables
• Limitations of nearest-neighbour quantum networks
• Accelerating many-body entanglement generation by dipolar interactions in the Bose-Hubbard model
• Probing coherent quantum thermodynamics using a trapped ion
• Simulating topological tensor networks with Majorana qubits
• Designing optimal protocols in Bayesian quantum parameter estimation with higher-order operations
• Few-mode-fiber technology fine-tunes losses of quantum communication systems
• Calibrated quantum thermometry in cavity optomechanics
• Spin squeezing in open Heisenberg spin chains
• Quantum anomalous Hall phase in synthetic bilayers via twistless twistronics
• Detecting many-body Bell non-locality by solving Ising models
• Tunable Coupling Architectures with Capacitively Connecting Pads for Large-Scale Superconducting Multi-Qubit Processors
• Stochastic collisional quantum thermometry
• Measuring trajectories of environmental noise
• Making Quantum Computing Open: Lessons from Open-Source Projects
• Quantum leakage detection using a model-independent dimension witness
• Quantum algorithms for scientific computing
• Highly efficient phase-tunable photonic thermal diode
• Spin coherence times of point defects in two-dimensional materials from first principles
• Efficient Quantum Simulation for Thermodynamics of Infinite-size Many-body Systems in Arbitrary Dimensions
• Quantum-Optical Spectrometry in Relativistic Laser-Plasma Interactions Using the High-Harmonic Generation Process: A Proposal
• Optimal phase sensitivity of an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer
• Charging free fermion quantum batteries
• Versatile photonic entanglement synthesizer in the spatial domain
• Dissipation-induced collective advantage of a quantum thermal machine
• Characterising the Hierarchy of Multi-time Quantum Processes with Classical Memory
• ReQuSim: Faithfully simulating near-term quantum repeaters
• Robustness of Enhanced Shortcuts to Adiabaticity in Lattice Transport
• Precise Spectroscopy of High-Frequency Oscillating Fields with a Single-Qubit Sensor
• A quantum interference capacitor based on double-passage Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interferometry
• Counterdiabatic optimized driving in quantum phase sensitive models
• Long-lived Particles Anomaly Detection with Parametrized Quantum Circuits
• Analytically Solvable Model for Qubit-Mediated Energy Transfer between Quantum Batteries
• Learning Control of Quantum Systems
• Recovering quantum correlations in optical lattices from interaction quenches
• Controllable odd-frequency Cooper pairs in multi-superconductor Josephson junctions
• Josephson diode effect with Andreev and Majorana bound states
• Evolution equations for quantum semi-Markov dynamics
• Transition metal impurities in Silicon: Computational search for a semiconductor qubit
• Enhancing quantum state tomography via resource-efficient attention-based neural networks
• Minimum time generation of a uniform superposition in a qubit with only transverse field control
• Machine learning applied to quantum synchronization-assisted probing
• Quantum Vibronic Effects on the Excitation Energies of the Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond
• Robustness- and weight-based resource measures without convexity restriction: Multicopy witness and operational advantage in static and dynamical quantum resource theories
• Generation of scalable many-body Bell correlations in spin chains with short-range two-body interactions
• Optimizing performance of quantum operations with non-Markovian decoherence: the tortoise or the hare?
• Single-component gradient rules for variational quantum algorithms
• Fiber-pigtailing quantum-dot cavity-enhanced light emitting diodes
• Ultrafast critical ground state preparation via bang-bang protocols
• Semi-device-dependent blind quantum tomography
• Protecting qudit operations from noise by continuous dynamical decoupling
• Second order phase dispersion by optimised rotation pulses
• Superfluid-Insulator Transition unambiguously detected by entanglement in one-dimensional disordered superfluids
• Zero supermode-based multipartite entanglement in ${\chi }^{(2)}$ nonlinear waveguides arrays
• Anonymous conference key agreement in linear quantum networks
• Noise effects in the nonlinear thermoelectricity of a Josephson junction
• Geometrical interpretation of the argument of weak values of general observables in N-level quantum systems
• Optically Pumped Magnetometer with High Spatial Resolution Magnetic Guide for the Detection of Magnetic Droplets in a Microfluidic Channel
• Interaction-free imaging of multi-pixel objects
• Non-Pauli topological stabilizer codes from twisted quantum doubles
• Optimal control of linear Gaussian quantum systems via quantum learning control
• Continuous cavity-QED with an atomic beam
• Path integral framework for characterizing and controlling decoherence induced by non-stationary environments on a quantum probe
• Designing fault-tolerant circuits using detector error models
• Formation of Exceptional Points in pseudo-Hermitian Systems
• Engineering impurity Bell states through coupling with a quantum bath
• Boosting energy transfer between quantum devices through spectrum engineering in the dissipative ultrastrong coupling regime
• Floquet engineering Higgs dynamics in time-periodic superconductors
• Coherent states of the Laguerre-Gauss modes
• Symmetry-adapted decomposition of tensor operators and the visualization of coupled spin systems
• Emergence of Intra-Particle Entanglement and Time-Varying Violation of Bell's Inequality in Dirac Matter
• Upper bounds on the quantum capacity for general attenuator and amplifier
• Qubit-environment entanglement outside of pure decoherence: hyperfine interaction
• Engineering entanglement between resonators by hot environment
• Entanglement in disordered superfluids: the impact of density, interaction and harmonic confinement on the Superconductor-Insulator transition
• Time-energy uncertainty relation for noisy quantum metrology
• A greedy reconstruction algorithm for the identification of spin distribution
• Stable and Efficient Charging of Superconducting Capacitively Shunted Flux Quantum Batteries
• Coupling quasi-phase matching: entanglement buildup in ${\chi }^{(2)}$ nonlinear waveguide arrays
• Entanglement structure of a quantum simulator: the two-component Bose-Hubbard model
• Preparing students for the quantum information revolution: Interdisciplinary teaching, curriculum development, and advising in quantum information science and engineering
• Using graphene conductors to enhance the functionality of atom-chips
• Interference dynamics of matter-waves of SU($N$) fermions
• Toward a Theory of Phase Transitions in Quantum Control Landscapes
• Quantum control landscape for generation of $H$ and $T$ gates in an open qubit with both coherent and environmental drive
• Harnessing symmetry-protected topological order for quantum memories
• Navigating on Quantum Control Solution Subspaces
• Optimal remote restoring of quantum states in communication lines via local magnetic field
• Multimode N00N states in driven atomtronic circuits
• Dynamical uncertainty propagation with noisy quantum parameters
• Optimal control of a Bose-Eintein Condensate in an optical lattice: The non-linear and two-dimensional cases
• Suppressing nonadiabatic transitions during adiabatic generation of highly entangled states in bosonic Josephson junctions
• Memory effects in quantum dynamics modelled by quantum renewal processes
• Parameter regimes for surpassing the PLOB bound with error-corrected qudit repeaters
• Hidden Quantum Memory: Is Memory There When Somebody Looks?
• Sparse Probabilistic Synthesis of Quantum Operations
• Minimizing state preparation times in pulse-level variational molecular simulations
• Quantum optimal control in quantum technologies. Strategic report on current status, visions and goals for research in Europe
• Multiparameter estimation of continuous-time Quantum Walk Hamiltonians through Machine Learning
• Series expansions in closed and open quantum many-body systems with multiple quasiparticle types
• Why Should and How Can Quantum Technologies Be Leveraged at National Levels?
• Decoherence dynamics in molecular qubits: Exponential, Gaussian and beyond
• Negative differential thermal conductance by photonic transport in electronic circuits
• Control of the von Neumann Entropy for an Open Two-Qubit System Using Coherent and Incoherent Drives
• Entanglement Witnessing for Lattice Gauge Theories
• Noise Classification in Three-Level Quantum Networks by Machine Learning
• Inherent quantum resources in stationary spin chains
• Mode structure reconstruction by detected and undetected light
• Control landscapes for high-fidelity generation of C-NOT and C-PHASE gates with coherent and environmental driving
• Characterization of a driven two-level quantum system by Supervised Learning
• Generation of C-NOT, SWAP, and C-Z Gates for Two Qubits Using Coherent and Incoherent Controls and Stochastic Optimization
• Voltage-amplified heat rectification in SIS junctions
• Aspects of quantum states asymmetry for the magnetic dipolar interaction dynamics
• Time-optimal state transfer for an open qubit
• Sensing Out-of-Equilibrium and Quantum Non-Gaussian environments via induced Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking on the quantum-probe dynamics
• An introduction into optimal control for quantum technologies
• Noise-immunity Kazan quantum line at 143 km regular fiber link
• Gain engineering and atom lasing in a topological edge state in synthetic dimensions
• Estimation of the geometric measure of entanglement with Wehrl Moments through Artificial Neural Networks
• Sample Complexity of Black Box Work Extraction
• Schrieffer-Wolff transformation for non-Hermitian systems: application for $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric circuit QED
• Reachability in Controlled Markovian Quantum Systems: An Operator-Theoretic Approach
• Cold atoms meet lattice gauge theory
• The Min-Entropy of Classical-Quantum Combs for Measurement-Based Applications
• Exploring the limits of the generation of non-classical states of spins coupled to a cavity by optimal control
• Edge modes for flexural waves in quasi-periodic linear arrays of scatterers
• Charging a quantum spin network towards Heisenberg-limited precision
• Retrieval of single photons from solid-state quantum transducers
• Quantum Features of the Thermal Two-Qubit Quantum Rabi Model in Ultra- and Deep-Strong Regimes
• Strategies educators can use to counter misinformation related to the quantum information revolution
• First-principles investigation of spin-phonon coupling in vanadium-based molecular spin qubits
• On the optimality of optical pumping for a closed $\Lambda$-system with large decay rates of the intermediate excited state
• Reachability, Coolability, and Stabilizability of Open Markovian Quantum Systems with Fast Unitary Control
• Persistent Current of SU(N) Fermions
• Role of seeding in the generation of polarization squeezed light by atomic Kerr medium
• Active electron cooling of graphene
• Quantum-assisted Rendezvous on Graphs: Explicit Algorithms and Quantum Computer Simulations
• Quantum Software Ecosystem Design
• Quantum logic control of a transition metal ion
• Non-asymptotic quantum metrology
• Topological Phase Transitions in a Constrained Two-Qubit Quantum Control Landscape
• Surpassing the loss-noise robustness trade-off in quantum key distribution
• Unitary Transformations using Robust Optimal Control on a Cold Atom Qudit
• Coherence-Driven Quantum Battery Charging via Autonomous Thermal Machines: Energy Transfer, Memory Effects, and Ergotropy Enhancement
• Do we have a quantum computer? Expert perspectives on current status and future prospects
• Building Bridges in Quantum Information Science Education: Expert Insights to Guide Framework Development for Interdisciplinary Teaching and Evolution of Common Language
• Investigating High School and Pre-High School Teachers' Perceptions and Experiences Introducing Quantum Concepts: A Survey of QuanTime and other Quantum-related Activities
• Optimal control of a dissipative micromaser quantum battery in the ultrastrong coupling regime
• Improving Variational Counterdiabatic Driving with Weighted Actions and Computer Algebra
• Geometrical versus time-series representation of data in quantum control learning
• Spatial correlations and entanglement in a hybrid system of N fermion pairs with harmonic interaction
• Deterministic actions on stochastic ensembles of particles can replicate wavelike behaviour of quantum mechanics: does it matter?
• Quantum dynamics of frustrated Josephson junction arrays embedded in a transmission line: an effective XX spin chain with long-range interaction
• Quantum speed limit and nonclassicality in open quantum system models using the Wigner function
• Quantum control by the environment: Turing uncomputability, Optimization over Stiefel manifolds, Reachable sets, and Incoherent GRAPE
• Visual media for monitoring trunk quantum networks
• Energy-saving fast-forward scaling
• Universal quantum computation and quantum error correction with ultracold atomic mixtures
• Coherent quantum dynamics of systems with coupling-induced creation pathways
• Thermal masses and trapped-ion quantum spin models: a self-consistent approach to Yukawa-type interactions in the $\lambda {\varphi }^4$ model
• Boundary-induced singularity in strongly-correlated quantum systems at finite temperature
• Tailoring population transfer between two hyperfine ground states of Rb87
• Spectral shaping of the biphoton state from multiplexed thermal atomic ensembles
• Emergence and Control of Complex Behaviours in Driven Systems of Interacting Qubits with Dissipation
• Multiclass classification of dephasing channels
• Spin squeezing from bilinear spin-spin interactions: two simple theorems
• Quantum annealing and condensed matter physics
• Effect of Helium Ion Implantation on 3C-SiC Nanomechanical String Resonators
• Engineering Strong Beamsplitter Interaction between Bosonic Modes via Quantum Optimal Control Theory
• Non-linear regime for enhanced performance of an Aharonov-Bohm heat engine
• Comparative analysis of robust entanglement generation in engineered XX spin chains
• Robust applicability of continuous dynamical decoupling to decoherence reduction in longitudinal and transverse-noise settings: The role of anisotropy
• Swinging small quantum systems out of available values of control parameters
• Open quantum systems beyond equilibrium: Lindblad equation and path integral molecular dynamics
• Benchmarking of Quantum Protocols
• Coherence restoring in communication line via controlled interaction with environment
• Probing non-Gaussian correlations through entanglement generation in a many-body quantum system
• Globally optimal control of quantum dynamics
• An Accessible Planar Charged Particle Trap for Experiential Learning in Quantum Technologies
• Robust Error Accumulation Suppression for Quantum Circuits
• Quantum Assemblage Tomography
• Quantum Physics in Space