The merger that led to the formation of the Milky Way's inner stellar halo and thick disk

Abstract

The assembly process of our Galaxy can be retrieved using the motions and chemistry of individual stars. Chemo-dynamical studies of the nearby halo have long hinted at the presence of multiple components such as streams, clumps, duality and correlations between the stars' chemical abundances and orbital parameters. More recently, the analysis of two large stellar surveys have revealed the presence of a well-populated chemical elemental abundance sequence, of two distinct sequences in the colour-magnitude diagram, and of a prominent slightly retrograde kinematic structure all in the nearby halo, which may trace an important accretion event experienced by the Galaxy. Here report an analysis of the kinematics, chemistry, age and spatial distribution of stars in a relatively large volume around the Sun that are mainly linked to two major Galactic components, the thick disk and the stellar halo. We demonstrate that the inner halo is dominated by debris from an object which at infall was slightly more massive than the Small Magellanic Cloud, and which we refer to as Gaia-Enceladus. The stars originating in Gaia-Enceladus cover nearly the full sky, their motions reveal the presence of streams and slightly retrograde and elongated trajectories. Hundreds of RR Lyrae stars and thirteen globular clusters following a consistent age-metallicity relation can be associated to Gaia-Enceladus on the basis of their orbits. With an estimated 4:1 mass-ratio, the merger with Gaia-Enceladus must have led to the dynamical heating of the precursor of the Galactic thick disk and therefore contributed to the formation of this component approximately 10 Gyr ago. These findings are in line with simulations of galaxy formation, which predict that the inner stellar halo should be dominated by debris from just a few massive progenitors.

19 pages, 8 figures. Published in Nature in the issue of Nov. 1st, 2018. This is the authors' version before final edits

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• Galactic ArchaeoLogIcaL ExcavatiOns (GALILEO) I. An updated census of APOGEE N-rich giants across the Milky Way
• Origin of highly $r$-process-enhanced stars in a cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy
• Is NGC 5824 the Core of the Progenitor of the Cetus Stream?
• Characteristics of the two sequences seen in the high-velocity Hertzsprung-Russell diagram in Gaia DR2
• Revisiting dynamical friction: the role of global modes and local wakes
• Chemical Cartography. II. The Assembly History of the Galactic Stellar Halo Traced by Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars
• The Virgo Overdensity Explained
• Euclid: Early Release Observations -- Deep anatomy of nearby galaxies
• The chemical DNA of the Magellanic Clouds -- I. The chemical composition of 206 Small Magellanic Cloud red giant stars
• First phase space portrait of a hierarchical stellar structure in the Milky Way
• The Hough Stream Spotter: A New Method for Detecting Linear Structure in Resolved Stars and Application to the Stellar Halo of M31
• Abundance Patterns of $\alpha$ and Neutron-capture Elements in the Helmi Stream
• Stellar halos from The Dragonfly Edge-on Galaxies Survey
• The chemodynamics of prograde and retrograde Milky Way stars
• Mapping the anisotropic Galactic stellar halo with Blue Horizontal Branch stars
• The survey of planetary nebulae in Andromeda (M 31) V. Chemical enrichment of the thin and thicker discs of Andromeda. Oxygen to argon abundance ratios for planetary nebulae and H II regions
• The R-Process Alliance: Chemo-Dynamically Tagged Groups II. An Extended Sample of Halo $r$-Process-Enhanced Stars
• The impact of the Large Magellanic Cloud on dark matter direct detection signals
• oMEGACat I: MUSE spectroscopy of 300,000 stars within the half-light radius of $\omega$ Centauri
• The Most Metal-poor Stars in Omega Centauri (NGC 5139)
• VVVX-Gaia Discovery of a Low Luminosity Globular Cluster in the Milky Way Disk
• Identification of Sagittarius stream members in Angular Momentum space with Gaussian mixture techniques
• GaiaHub: A method for combining data from the Gaia and Hubble space telescopes to derive improved proper motions for faint stars
• Reading the CARDs: the Imprint of Accretion History in the Chemical Abundances of the Milky Way's Stellar Halo
• Cosmological insights into the assembly of the radial and compact stellar halo of the Milky Way
• Measuring the vertical response of the Galactic disc to an infalling satellite
• How cosmological merger histories shape the diversity of stellar haloes
• Local stellar formation history from the 40 pc white dwarf sample
• Elemental Abundances in M31: Gradients in the Giant Stellar Stream
• VINTERGATAN-GM: The cosmological imprints of early mergers on Milky-Way-mass galaxies
• The stellar halo in Local Group Hestia simulations I. The in-situ component and the effect of mergers
• Dynamically Tagged Groups of Metal-Poor Stars II. The Radial Velocity Experiment Data Release 6
• Relating the Diverse Merger Histories and Satellite Populations of Nearby Galaxies
• Using Gaia DR2 to detect extratidal structures around the Galactic globular cluster NGC362
• Age Determination of Galaxy Merger Remnant Stars using Asteroseismology
• Combined APOGEE-GALAH stellar catalogues using the Cannon
• Substructure at High Speed II: The Local Escape Velocity and Milky Way Mass with Gaia DR2
• A Swing of the Pendulum: The Chemodynamics of the Local Stellar Halo Indicate Contributions from Several Radial Merger Events
• Spiral-like features in the disc revealed by Gaia DR3 radial actions
• The stellar parameters and elemental abundances from low-resolution spectra I: 1.2 million giants from LAMOST DR8
• The formation and survival of the Milky Way's oldest stellar disk
• Metallicity distributions of halo stars: do they trace the Galactic accretion history?
• On the separation between RR Lyrae and Type II Cepheids and their importance for distance determination: the case of $\omega$ Cen
• From globular clusters to the disc: the dual life of our Galaxy
• The Unmixed Debris of Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus in the Form of a Pair of Halo Stellar Overdensities
• The survey of planetary nebulae in Andromeda (M31). IV. Radial oxygen and argon abundance gradients of the thin and thicker disc
• Targeting Bright Metal-poor Stars in the Disk and Halo Systems of the Galaxy
• Eclipse timing the Milky Way's gravitational potential
• Jurassic: A Chemically Anomalous Structure in the Galactic Halo
• Dark Matter in Astrophysics/Cosmology
• The observable properties of galaxy accretion events in Milky Way-like galaxies in the FIRE-2 cosmological simulations
• Discovery of a new nearby globular cluster with extreme kinematics located in the extension of a halo stream
• Phase-space Properties and Chemistry of the Sagittarius Stellar Stream Down to the Extremely Metal-poor ($[Fe/H]\lesssim -3$) Regime
• A census of new globular clusters in the Galactic bulge
• (Re)mind the gap: a hiatus in star formation history unveiled by APOGEE DR17
• On the effects of the Initial Mass Function on Galactic chemical enrichment
• Contribution of Gaia Sausage to the Galactic Stellar Halo Revealed by K Giants and Blue Horizontal Branch Stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and Gaia
• Modeling the kinematics of globular cluster systems
• Cataloging Accreted Stars within Gaia DR2 using Deep Learning
• The stellar halo in Local Group Hestia simulations II. The accreted component
• Formation imprints in the kinematics of the Milky Way globular cluster system
• Empirically-motivated early feedback: momentum input by stellar feedback in galaxy simulations inferred through observations
• The effect of tides on the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy
• Star Formation Timescales of the Halo Populations from Asteroseismology and Chemical Abundances
• A first estimate of the Milky Way dark matter halo spin
• The stellar halo in Local Group Hestia simulations III. Chemical abundance relations for accreted and in-situ stars
• The GALAH Survey: Temporal Chemical Enrichment of the Galactic Disk
• Milky Way-est: Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Large Magellanic Cloud and Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus Analogs
• MgAl burning chain in Omega Centauri
• Probing the Galactic halo with RR Lyrae stars $-$ III. The chemical and kinematic properties of the stellar halo
• Implications of the Gaia Sausage for Dark Matter Nuclear Interactions
• The impact of two massive early accretion events in a Milky Way-like galaxy: repercussions for the buildup of the stellar disc and halo
• Milky Way archaeology using RR Lyrae and type II Cepheids II. High velocity RR Lyrae stars, and mass of the Milky Way
• Redshift evolution of the dark matter haloes shapes
• Exploring the diversity and similarity of radially anisotropic Milky Way-like stellar haloes: implications for disrupted dwarf galaxy searches
• The e-TidalGCs Project: Modeling the extra-tidal features generated by Galactic globular clusters
• The R-Process Alliance: Discovery of a low-alpha, r-Process-Enhanced Metal-Poor Star in the Galactic Halo
• Titans metal-poor reference stars. I. Accurate effective temperatures and surface gravities for dwarfs and subgiants from 3D non-LTE H$\alpha$ profiles and Gaia parallaxes
• Hidden in the Haystack: Low-luminosity globular clusters towards the Milky Way bulge
• Ancient Very Metal-Poor Stars Associated With the Galactic Disk in the H3 Survey
• Discovery of new globular clusters in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
• Which Milky Way masses are consistent with the slightly declining 5-25 kpc rotation curve?
• Possibilities and Limitations of Kinematically Identifying Stars from Accreted Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies
• Chronology of the chemical enrichment of the old Galactic stellar populations
• The PAndAS View of the Andromeda Satellite System. IV Global properties
• The nature of the Milky Way's stellar halo revealed by the three integrals of motion
• Simulating cosmological substructure in the solar neighbourhood
• Modelling the Milky Way. I -- Method and first results fitting the thick disk and halo with DES-Y3 data
• MINCE I. Presentation of the project and of the first year sample
• A Blueprint for the Milky Way's Stellar Populations. III. Spatial Distributions and Population Fractions of Local Halo Stars
• The AMBRE Project: Solar neighbourhood chemodynamical constraints on Galactic disc evolution
• The GALAH Survey: Accreted stars also inhabit the Spite Plateau
• The Galactic Distribution of Phosphorus: A Survey of 163 Disk and Halo Stars
• The assembly history of the Galactic inner halo inferred from alpha-patterns
• The first retrieval of a substellar subdwarf: A cloud-free SDSS J125637.13-022452.4
• On the Use of Field RR Lyrae as Galactic Probes. V. Optical and radial velocity curve templates
• Metal-Poor Stars Observed with the Southern African Large Telescope
• A Bayesian estimation of the Milky Way's circular velocity curve using Gaia DR3
• The cerium content of the Milky Way as revealed by Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec abundances
• Planes of satellites around simulated disc galaxies: I.- Finding high-quality planar configurations from positional information and their comparison to MW/M31 data
• The imprint of clump formation at high redshift. II. The chemistry of the bulge
• The metal-rich halo component extended in z: a characterization with Gaia DR2 and APOGEE
• The GALAH survey: Tracing the Milky Way's formation and evolution through RR Lyrae stars
• Beyond the Local Volume. I. Surface Densities of Ultracool Dwarfs in Deep HST/WFC3 Parallel Fields
• Classifying globular clusters and applying them to estimate the mass of the Milky Way
• Abundance analysis of APOGEE spectra for 58 metal-poor stars from the bulge spheroid
• The evolution of Lithium: implications of a universal Spite plateau
• Kinematics beats dust: unveiling nested substructure in the perturbed outer disc of the Milky Way
• A LAMOST BHB Catalog and Kinematics Therein I: Catalog and Halo Properties
• Antlia2's role in driving the ripples in the outer gas disk of the Galaxy
• Milky Way archaeology using RR Lyrae and type II Cepheids I. The Orphan stream in 7D using RR Lyrae stars
• oMEGACat III. Multi-band photometry and metallicities reveal spatially well-mixed populations within $\omega$ Centauri's half-light radius
• On the Chemical and Kinematic Consistency Between N-rich Metal-poor Field Stars and Enriched Populations in Globular Clusters
• Taking the Milky Way for a spin: disc formation in the ARTEMIS simulations
• The outer disc in shambles: blind detection of Monoceros and ACS with Gaia's astrometric sample
• Resequencing the Hubble sequence and the quadratic (black hole mass)-(spheroid stellar mass) relation for elliptical galaxies
• Origin of metals in old Milky Way halo stars based on GALAH and Gaia
• Extending the Chemical Reach of the H3 Survey: Detailed Abundances of the Dwarf-galaxy Stellar Stream Wukong/LMS-1
• Elemental Abundances in M31: Properties of the Inner Stellar Halo
• The evolution of lithium in FGK dwarf stars: The Li rotation connection and the Li desert
• Four-hundred Very Metal-poor Stars Studied with LAMOST and Subaru. III. Dynamically Tagged Groups and Chemodynamical Properties
• The structure of accreted stellar streams
• High- and Low-$\alpha$ Disk Stars Separate Dynamically at all Ages
• MADYS: the Manifold Age Determination for Young Stars
• Candidate Members of the VMP/EMP Disk System of the Galaxy from the SkyMapper and SAGES Surveys
• The Metallicity Gradient and Complex Formation History of the Outermost Halo of the Milky Way
• A Young, Low-Density Stellar Stream in the Milky Way Disk: Theia 456
• The formation history of our Galaxy's nuclear stellar disc constrained from HST observations of the Quintuplet field
• Fluorine Abundances in the Galactic Disk
• Detailed study of the Milky Way globular cluster Laevens 3
• A portrait of the Vast Polar Structure as a young phenomenon: hints from its member satellites
• Photometric metallicity for 694233 Galactic giant stars from Gaia DR3 synthetic Stromgren photometry. Metallicity distribution functions of halo sub-structures
• An old, metal-rich accreted stellar component in the Milky Way stellar disk
• Orbits of globular clusters computed with dynamical friction in the Galactic anisotropic velocity dispersion field
• Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus star formation history as revealed by detailed elemental abundances
• Modelling the stellar halo with RR-Lyrae stars
• Informing dark matter direct detection limits with the ARTEMIS simulations
• Magellan/M2FS and MMT/Hectochelle Spectroscopy of Dwarf Galaxies and Faint Star Clusters within the Galactic Halo
• Simulations of globular clusters within their parent galaxies: multiple stellar populations and internal kinematics
• Dark matter substructures affect dark matter-electron scattering in xenon-based direct detection experiments
• Detecting Globular Cluster Tidal Extensions with Bayesian Inference: I. Analysis of $\omega$ Centauri with Gaia EDR3
• Physical characterization of recently discovered globular clusters in the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy II. Metallicities, ages and luminosities
• The formation of the Milky Way halo and its dwarf satellites: A NLTE-1D abundance analysis. V. The Sextans galaxy
• Uncovering fossils of the distant Milky Way with UNIONS: NGC 5466 and its stellar stream
• A new set of chisels for Galactic archaeology: Sc, V and Zn as taggers of accreted globular clusters
• The GALAH+ Survey: A New Library of Observed Stellar Spectra Improves Radial Velocities and Hints at Motions within M67
• Catalogue of model star clusters in the Milky Way and M31 galaxies
• Probing the early Milky Way with GHOST spectra of an extremely metal-poor star in the Galactic disk
• An enquiry on the origins of N-rich stars in the inner Galaxy basedon APOGEE chemical compositions
• NGC 1261: an $r$-process enhanced globular cluster from the Gaia-Enceladus event
• Linking nearby stellar streams to more distant halo overdensities
• The tilt of the velocity ellipsoid in the Milky Way with Gaia DR2
• Substructures, Resonances and debris streams
• Dwarfs in the Milky Way halo outer rim: first in-fall or backsplash satellites?
• The survey of planetary nebulae in Andromeda (M31) VI. Kinematics of M31 inner-halo substructures and comparison with major-merger simulation predictions
• Constraints on the Galactic Inner Halo Assembly History from the Age Gradient of Blue Horizontal-branch Stars
• Can ultralight dark matter explain the age-velocity dispersion relation of the Milky Way disc: A revised and improved treatment
• An ancient double degenerate merger in the Milky Way halo
• GD-1 Stellar Stream and Cocoon in the DESI Early Data Release
• Disentangling the Arcturus stream
• The orbital evolution of UFDs and GCs in an evolving Galactic potential
• Disc dichotomy signature in the vertical distribution of [Mg/Fe] and the delayed gas infall scenario
• Unveiling the past evolution of the progenitor of the Helmi streams
• The metal-poor end of the Spite plateau. II. Detailed chemical investigation
• Eight more low luminosity globular clusters in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
• The Milky Way, Coming into Focus: Precision Astrometry Probes its Evolution, and its Dark Matter
• Estimating the local dark matter density in a non-axisymmetric wobbling disc
• The Structure and 3D Kinematics of Vela OB2
• Dynamics of Stellar Disk Tilting from Satellite Mergers
• Inferring the Morphology of Stellar Distribution in TNG50: Twisted and Twisted-Stretched shapes
• Radial phase spirals in the Solar neighbourhood
• A 6-d View of Stellar Shells
• Galactic ArchaeoLogIcaL ExcavatiOns (GALILEO) II. t-SNE Portrait of Local Fossil Relics and Structures
• Explaining the chemical trajectories of accreted and in-situ halo stars of the Milky Way
• A Blueprint for the Milky Way's Stellar Populations. II. Improved Isochrone Calibration in the SDSS and Pan-STARRS Photometric Systems
• Polytropic spheres modelling dark matter halos of dwarf galaxies
• Eta-Earth Revisited II: Deriving a Maximum Number of Earth-like Habitats in the Galactic Disk
• Antaeus: a retrograde group of tidal debris in the Milky Way's disk plane
• Metal-poor Stars Observed with the Automated Planet Finder Telescope. III. CEMP-no Stars are the Descendant of Population III Stars
• The Implications of Local Fluctuations in the Galactic Midplane for Dynamical Analysis in the Gaia Era
• The retrograde orbit of the globular cluster FSR1758 revealed with Gaia DR2
• The Escape Velocity Profile of the Milky Way from Gaia DR3
• The HR 1614 moving group is not a dissolving cluster
• Constructing the Milky Way Stellar Halo in the Galactic Center by Direct Orbit Integration
• Understanding the early stages of galaxy formation using very metal-poor stars from the Hamburg/ESO survey
• Characterising the Structure of Halo Merger Trees Using a Single Parameter: The Tree Entropy
• A Holistic Review of a Galactic Interaction
• A Nitrogen-Enhanced Metal-Poor star discovered in the globular cluster ESO280-SC06
• The Spectacular Tidal Tails of Globular Cluster M3 (NGC 5272)
• The search for extratidal star candidates around Galactic globular clusters NGC 2808, NGC 6266, and NGC 6397 with {\textit{Gaia}} DR2 astrometry
• High-speed stars. II. An unbound star, young stars, bulge metal-poor stars, and Aurora candidates
• A Unified Exploration of the Chronology of the Galaxy
• Study of the departures from LTE in the unevolved stars infra-red spectra
• Using Action Space Clustering to Constrain the Accretion History of Milky Way like Galaxies
• Dependence of Galactic Halo Kinematics on the Adopted Galactic Potential
• The relative efficiencies of bars and clumps in driving disc stars to retrograde motion
• Potential Black Hole Seeding of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 4424 via an Infalling Star Cluster
• Exoplanets Across Galactic Stellar Populations with PLATO: Estimating Exoplanet Yields Around FGK Stars for the Thin Disk, Thick Disk and Stellar Halo
• The Photo-Astrometric Vertical Tracer Density of the Milky Way II: Results from Gaia
• Exploring the chemodynamics of metal-poor stellar populations
• Estimating $\left[\alpha /\text{Fe}\right]$ from Gaia low-resolution BP/RP spectra using the ExtraTrees algorithm
• Chrono-chemodynamical analysis of the globular cluster NGC 6355: Looking for the fundamental bricks of the Bulge
• Investigating the amplitude and rotation of the phase spiral in the Milky Way outer disc
• Evidence For Multiple Accretion Events in the $Gaia$-Sausage/Enceladus Structures
• Stars in the Local Galactic Thick Disk and Halo in Gaia EDR3: A catalogue of Half a Million Local Main-sequence Stars with Photometric Metallicities
• Gaia-ESO Survey: Detailed elemental abundances in red giants of the peculiar globular cluster NGC 1851
• On the Edge: the relation between stellar and dark matter haloes of Milky Way-mass galaxies
• Chemodynamical Analysis of Metal-rich High-eccentricity Stars in the Milky Way's Disk
• Elemental abundances in M31: Individual and Coadded Spectroscopic [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] throughout the M31 Halo with SPLASH
• Searching for Milky Way twins: Radial abundance distribution as a strict criterion
• High Velocity Stars in SDSS/APOGEE DR17
• Empirical derivation of the metallicity evolution with time and radius using TNG50 Milky Way/Andromeda analogues
• Multiple Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters from Homogeneous Ca-CN-CH-NH Photometry. VI. M3 (NGC 5272) is not a Prototypical Normal Globular Cluster
• The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury XX: The Disk of M31 is Thick
• The elusive tidal tails of the Milky Way globular cluster NGC 7099
• Frequencies, chaos and resonances: a study of orbital parameters of nearby thick disc and halo stars
• Ironing the folds: The phase space chevrons of a GSE-like merger as a dark matter subhalo detector
• A high fidelity Milky Way simulation with Kraken, Gaia-Enceladus, and Sequoia analogues: clues to their accretion histories
• The local dark sector. Probing gravitation's low-acceleration frontier and dark matter in the Solar System neighborhood
• A too-many dwarf galaxy satellites problem in the M83 group
• Robust Clustering of the Local Milky Way Stellar Kinematic Substructures with Gaia eDR3
• Insights into the Formation and Evolution History of the Galactic Disk System
• The Milky Way Revealed by Variable Stars I: Sample Selection of RR Lyrae stars, and Evidence for the Merger History
• The Early Merger that Made the Galaxy's Stellar Halo
• Chemical Cartography with APOGEE: Two-process Parameters and Residual Abundances for 288,789 Stars from Data Release 17
• The Non-Axisymmetric Influence: Radius and Angle-Dependent Trends in a Barred Galaxy
• Beyond the Local Volume. II. Population Scaleheights and Ages of Ultracool Dwarfs in Deep HST/WFC3 Parallel Fields
• Characterisation of local halo building blocks: Thamnos and Sequoia
• Evolution of the radial ISM metallicity gradient in the Milky Way disk since redshift $\approx 3$
• Saying Hallo to M94's Stellar Halo: Investigating the Accretion History of the Largest Pseudobulge Host in the Local Universe
• The earliest phases of CNO enrichment in galaxies
• A distinct halo population revealed from 3D non-LTE magnesium abundances
• The Pristine survey: XXV. The very metal-poor Galaxy: Chemodynamics through the follow-up of the Pristine-Gaia synthetic catalogue
• Double Red Giant Branch and Red Clump features of Galactic disc stellar populations with Gaia GSPspec
• The Pristine survey -- XX: GTC follow-up observations of extremely metal-poor stars identified from Pristine and LAMOST
• Near-infrared chemical abundances of stars in the Sculptor dwarf galaxy
• Influence of the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus on the density shape of the Galactic stellar halo revealed by halo K giants from the LAMOST survey
• Wide binaries from the H3 survey: the thick disk and halo have similar wide binary fractions
• The GALAH Survey: No chemical evidence of an extragalactic origin for the Nyx stream
• Homogeneous Stellar Atmospheric Parameters and 22 Elemental Abundances for FGK Stars Derived From LAMOST Low-resolution Spectra with DD-Payne
• The Mass and Age Distribution of Halo White Dwarfs in the Canada-France Imaging Survey
• The first comprehensive Milky Way stellar mock catalogue for the Chinese Space Station Telescope Survey Camera
• Exploring the structure and kinematics of the Milky Way through A stars
• Unravelling the mass spectrum of destroyed dwarf galaxies with the metallicity distribution function
• The heavy-elements heritage of the falling sky
• Characterising abundance-age relations of GALAH stars using oxygen-enhanced stellar models
• Origins of the Evil Eye: M64's Stellar Halo Reveals the Recent Accretion of an SMC-mass Satellite
• The Reduced Proper Motion selected halo: methods and description of the catalogue
• Faint Stars in a Faint Galaxy: II. The Low Mass Stellar Initial Mass Function of the Boötes I Ultrafaint Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
• From Galactic Chemical Evolution to Cosmic Supernova Rates Synchronized with Core-Collapse Supernovae Limited to the Narrow Progenitor Mass Range
• Towards Studying Hierarchical Assembly in Real Time: A Milky Way Progenitor Galaxy at z = 2.36 under the Microscope
• Applying Noether's theorem to matter in the Milky Way: evidence for external perturbations and non-steady-state effects from Gaia Data Release 2
• Using heritability of stellar chemistry to reveal the history of the Milky Way
• The Massive M31 Cluster G1: Detailed Chemical Abundances from Integrated Light Spectroscopy
• Inhomogeneity in the early Galactic chemical enrichment exposed by beryllium abundances in extremely metal-poor stars
• Multiple populations in low mass globular clusters: Palomar 13
• Galactic r-process abundance feature shaped by radial migration
• Connecting the local stellar halo and its dark matter density to dwarf galaxies via blue stragglers
• Differential rotation of the halo traced by the K-giant stars
• An outer shade of Pal: Abundance analysis of the outer halo globular cluster Palomar 13
• Statistical properties of substructures around Milky Way-sized haloes and their implications for the formation of stellar streams
• Searching for Extragalactic Exoplanetary Systems: the Curious Case of BD+20 2457
• Tidal debris from Omega Centauri discovered with unsupervised machine learning
• Auriga Streams I: disrupting satellites surrounding Milky Way-mass haloes at multiple resolutions
• Astrometric Weak Lensing with Gaia DR3 and Future Catalogs: Searches for Dark Matter Substructure
• Hidden deep in the halo: selection of a reduced proper motion halo catalogue and mining retrograde streams in the velocity space
• Halo-independent bounds on the non-relativistic effective theory of WIMP-nucleon scattering from direct detection and neutrino observations
• Chronology of our Galaxy from Gaia colour-magnitude diagram fitting (ChronoGal) II. Unveiling the formation and evolution of the kinematically selected Thick and Thin Discs
• Constraints on the history of Galactic spiral arms revealed by Gaia GSP-Spec alpha-elements
• Is Terzan 5 the remnant of a building block of the Galactic bulge? Evidence from APOGEE
• Bar-driven dispersal of Galactic substructure
• Metallicity and $\alpha$-abundance for 48 million stars in low-extinction regions in the Milky Way
• Chemodynamical study of two CEMP-no stars from the Hamburg/ESO Survey
• Evidence of Gaia Enceladus experiencing at least two passages around the Milky Way
• A Cold Stellar Stream in Pegasus
• Identifying Multiple Populations in M71 Using CN
• G112-43/44: A metal-poor binary star with a unique chemical composition and kinematics like the Helmi streams
• Galaxy archaeology for wet mergers: Globular cluster age distributions in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies
• Untangling the Sources of Abundance Dispersion in Low-Metallicity Stars
• HubPUG: Proper Motions for Local Group Dwarfs observed with HST utilizing Gaia as a Reference Frame
• r-Process enrichment in the Galactic halo characterized by nucleosynthesis variation in the ejecta of coalescing neutron star binaries
• Proper motion measurements for stars up to $100$ kpc with Subaru HSC and SDSS Stripe 82
• Apocalypse When? No Certainty of a Milky Way -- Andromeda Collision
• Tracing the Origin of Moving Groups. III. Detecting Moving Groups in The LAMOST DR7
• Two Populations of Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars in the Disk System of the Milky Way
• Li distribution, kinematics and detailed abundance analysis among very metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo from the HESP-GOMPA survey
• A determination of the LMC dark matter subhalo mass using the MW halo stars in its gravitational wake
• Recent star formation episodes in the Galaxy: impact on its chemical properties and the evolution of its abundance gradient
• Equilibrium axisymmetric halo model for the Milky Way and its implications for direct and indirect DM searches
• A Blueprint for the Milky Way's Stellar Populations. IV. A String of Pearls $-$ the Galactic Starburst Sequence
• Europium enrichment and hierarchical formation of the Galactic halo
• How well can we unravel the accreted constituents of the Milky Way stellar halo? A test on cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
• Determining Satellite Infall Times Using Machine Learning
• Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers
• Machine Learning the 6th Dimension: Stellar Radial Velocities from 5D Phase-Space Correlations
• Peeking beneath the precision floor -- II. Probing the chemo-dynamical histories of the potential globular cluster siblings, NGC 288 and NGC 362
• Closing the stellar labels gap: Stellar label independent evidence for [$\alpha /M$] information in Gaia BP/RP spectra
• Chemical Abundances of the Typhon Stellar Stream
• The Influence of the Galactic Bar on the Dynamics of Globular Clusters
• The $Hubble$ Missing Globular Cluster Survey. I. Survey overview and the first precise age estimate for ESO452-11 and 2MASS-GC01
• High-Resolution Chemical Abundances of the Nyx Stream
• Chemodynamical Properties and Ages of Metal-Poor Stars in S-PLUS
• Kinematic complexity around NGC419: resolving the proper motion of the cluster, the Small Magellanic Cloud and the Magellanic Bridge
• Existence of the Metal-Rich Stellar Halo and High-velocity Thick Disk in the Galaxy
• L-GALAXIES 2020: The formation and chemical evolution of stellar haloes in Milky Way Analogues and galaxy clusters
• The Chemodynamics of the Stellar Populations in M31 from APOGEE Integrated Light Spectroscopy
• Element abundance analysis of the metal-rich stellar halo and high-velocitythick disk in the galaxy
• Searching Extra-tidal Features around the Globular Cluster Whiting 1
• The Photo-Astrometric Vertical Tracer Density of the Milky Way I: The Method
• Comparing Lensing and Stellar Orbital Models of a Nearby Massive Strong-Lens Galaxy
• A Very Metal-poor RR Lyrae Star with a Disk Orbit Found in the Solar Neighborhood
• Deciphering the Milky Way disc formation time encrypted in the bar chrono-kinematics
• Searching for Dwarf Galaxies in $Gaia$ DR2 Phase-Space Data Using Wavelet Transforms
• Rediscovering the Milky Way with orbit superposition approach and APOGEE data I. Method validation
• Rediscovering the Milky Way with orbit superposition approach and APOGEE data II. Chrono-chemo-kinematics of the disc
• Measuring the alpha-abundance of subsolar-metallicity stars in the Milky Way's central half-parsec: testing globular cluster and dwarf galaxy infall scenarios
• RR Lyrae stars as probes of the outer Galactic halo: Chemical and kinematic analysis of a pilot sample
• The role of accreted and in situ populations in shaping the stellar halos of low-mass galaxies
• The Multiple Extended Tidal Tails of NGC 288
• The missing radial velocities of Gaia: blind predictions for DR3
• The formation history of the Milky Way disc with high-resolution cosmological simulations
• Addressing via N-body simulations the distribution of the satellite tidal debris in the Milky Way environment
• Trojan globular clusters: radial migration via trapping in bar resonances
• Accelerated phase-mixing in the stellar halo due to a rotating bar
• On the chaos induced by the Galactic bar on the orbits of nearby halo stars
• Estimating the age-metallicity distribution of a stellar sample from the probability distributions of the individual stars
• The diverse physical origins of stars in the dynamically hot bulge: CALIFA vs. IllustrisTNG
• Resolved SPLASH Chemodynamics in Andromeda's PHAT Stellar Halo and Disk: On the Nature of the Inner Halo Along the Major Axis
• Euclid: Early Release Observations -- The surface brightness and colour profiles of the far outskirts of galaxies in the Perseus cluster
• Tidal disruption of stellar clusters and their remnants' spatial distribution near the galactic center
• Bar-spiral interaction produces radial migration and star formation bursts
• Globular cluster ages and their relation to high-redshift stellar cluster formation times from different globular cluster models
• Gusts in the Headwind: Uncertainties in Direct Dark Matter Detection
• No globular cluster progenitors in Milky Way satellite galaxies
• Young stars raining through the Galactic Halo: the nature and orbit of Price-Whelan 1
• On the manifest link between Terzan 5 and the Galactic bulge
• Deep learning inference with the Event Horizon Telescope III. Zingularity results from the 2017 observations and predictions for future array expansions
• Weakly-Supervised Anomaly Detection in the Milky Way
• Dynamically Produced Moving Groups in Interacting Simulations
• Exploring the ex-situ components within Gaia DR3
• Two substructures in the nearby stellar halo found in Gaia and RAVE
• Effects of secular growth and mergers on the evolution of metallicity gradients and azimuthal variations in a Milky Way-like galaxy
• Multiple Stellar Populations outside the tidal radius of NGC1851 through Gaia DR3 XP Spectra
• Chemodynamics of metal-poor wide binaries in the Galactic halo: Association with the Sequoia event
• Non-equilibrium in the Solar Neighbourhood using dynamical modelling with Gaia DR2
• Inflowing Gas in the Central Parsec of M81
• Spectroscopic Observations of Obscured Populations in the Inner Galaxy: 2MASS-GC02, Terzan 4, and the 200 km/s stellar peak
• SSSpaNG! Stellar Spectra as Sparse, data-driven, Non-Gaussian processes
• Mapping the Distant and Metal-Poor Milky Way with SDSS-V
• New Globular Cluster Candidates in the M81 group
• Probing the Galactic halo with RR Lyrae stars -- IV. On the Oosterhoff dichotomy of RR Lyrae stars
• A Comparative Study Between M30 and M92 : M92 Is A Merger Remnant With A Large Helium Enhancement
• Studying stellar populations in Omega Centauri with phylogenetics
• Substructure at High Speed I: Inferring the Escape Velocity in the Presence of Kinematic Substructure
• A Ghost in Boötes: The Least Luminous Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy
• HALO7D III: Chemical Abundances of Milky Way Halo Stars from Medium Resolution Spectra
• Constraining the Planet Occurrence Rate around Halo Stars of Potentially Extragalactic Origin
• Discovery of a pair of very metal-poor stars enriched in neutron-capture elements: The proto-disk r-II star BPS CS 29529-0089 and the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus r-I star TYC 9219-2422-1
• No Evolution in the Half-mass Radius of Milky Way-type Galaxies over the Last 10 Gyr
• Spatial Structures in the Globular Cluster Distribution of Fornax Cluster Galaxies
• Dynamical streams in the local stellar halo
• EDEN: Exploring Disks Embedded in N-body simulations of Milky-Way-mass halos from Symphony
• Substructure in the Globular Cluster Populations of the Virgo Cluster Elliptical Galaxies M84 and M86
• Cosmological Simulations of Stellar Halos with Gaia Sausage-Enceladus Analogues: Two Sausages, One Bun?
• First measurement of the triaxiality of the inner dark matter halo of the Milky Way
• The global structure of the Milky Way's stellar halo based on the orbits of local metal-poor stars
• A Galactic Self-Portrait: Density Structure and Integrated Properties of the Milky Way Disk
• Chronology of our Galaxy from Gaia colour-magnitude diagram fitting (ChronoGal) -- III. Age and metallicity distribution of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus stars near the Sun
• The Radcliffe Wave as traced by young open clusters: Stellar parameters, activity indicators, and abundances of solar-type members of eight young clusters
• APOGEE-2S Mg-Al anti-correlation of the Metal-Poor Globular Cluster NGC 2298
• Black Hole Scaling Relations in the Dwarf-galaxy Regime with $Gaia$-Sausage/Enceladus and $\omega$Centauri
• A New Cold Stream near the Southern Galactic Pole
• Detection of the actinide Th in an r-process-enhanced star with accretion origin
• Chemodynamical Ages of Small-Scale Kinematic Structures of the Galactic Disc in the Solar Neighborhood from ~250,000 K and M Dwarfs
• Detecting weak beryllium lines with CUBES
• The imprint of dark matter on the Galactic acceleration field
• Nearby stellar substructures in the Galactic halo from DESI Milky Way Survey Year 1 Data Release
• Halo-independent bounds on Inelastic Dark Matter
• Chemodynamically Characterizing the Jhelum Stellar Stream with APOGEE-2
• The Pristine Survey -- XXVII. Journey to the Galactic outskirts -- Mapping the outer halo red giant stars down to the very metal-poor end
• Revealing the Milky Way's Most Recent Major Merger with a Gaia EDR3 Catalog of Machine-Learned Line-of-Sight Velocities
• J-PLUS: Detecting and studying extragalactic globular clusters -- the case of NGC 1023
• Dark Matter Velocity Distributions for Direct Detection: Astrophysical Uncertainties are Smaller Than They Appear
• Magnesium isotope ratios in Milky Way and dwarf galaxy stars
• Determination of Sodium Abundance Ratio from Low-Resolution Stellar Spectra and Its Applications
• The formation and disruption of globular cluster populations in simulations of present-day $L^{\ast }$ galaxies with controlled assembly histories
• MINCE III. Detailed chemical analysis of the UVES sample
• The missing radial velocities of Gaia: a catalogue of Bayesian estimates for DR3
• From order to chaos: the blurred out metallicity gradient of the Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage progenitor
• AuriDESI: Mock Catalogues for the DESI Milky Way Survey
• Combining Astrometry and Elemental Abundances: The Case of the Candidate Pre-Gaia Halo Moving Groups G03-37, G18-39, and G21-22
• A revised view of the Canis Major stellar overdensity with DECam and Gaia: new evidence of a stellar warp of blue stars
• Milliarcsecond X-ray astrometry to resolve inner regions of AGN at $z>1$ using gravitational lensing
• Dynamical mirages: how bar-induced resonant trapping can mimic substructure clustering in dynamical parameter spaces
• Mapping the Milky Way in 5-D with 170 Million Stars
• Probing the origins. I. Generalised Additive Model inference of birth radii for Milky Way stars in the solar vicinity
• The influence of dark matter halo on the stellar stream asymmetry via dynamical friction
• The bi-modal ${}^7$Li distribution of the Milky Way's thin-disk dwarf stars: The role of Galactic-scale events and stellar evolution
• Pushing the boundaries of asteroseismic individual frequency modelling: unveiling two evolved very-low metallicity red giants
• Observing EAGLE galaxies with JWST: predictions for Milky Way progenitors and their building blocks
• On the Origin of the Globular Cluster FSR 1758
• Destruction of the central black hole gas reservoir through head-on galaxy collisions
• Globular clusters in \textsc{OrbIT}: complete dynamical characterisation of the globular cluster population of the Milky Way through updated orbital reconstruction
• Kinematic origin of white dwarfs in the solar neighborhood
• The Milky Way in context: The formation of galactic discs and chemical sequences from a cosmological perspective
• Reconstructing the Milky Way chemical map with Galactic Chemical Evolution tool OMEGA+ from SDSS-MWM
• CoSHA: Code for Stellar properties Heuristic Assignment -- for the MaStar stellar library
• The neutron-capture and alpha-elements abundance ratios scatter in old stellar populations. Cosmological simulations of the stellar halo
• Discovery of the Polar Ring Galaxies with deep learning
• Survivors and Zombies: The Quenching and Disruption of Satellites around Milky Way Analogs
• The Milky Way satellite galaxy Leo T: A perturbed cored dwarf
• Applying machine learning to Galactic Archaeology: how well can we recover the origin of stars in Milky Way-like galaxies?
• Fundamental limits to orbit reconstruction due to non-conservation of stellar actions in a Milky Way-like simulation
• Kinematics of metallicity populations in Omega Centauri using Gaia Focused Product Release and Hubble Space Telescope
• Discovery of the shell structure via break radii in the outer halo of the Milky Way
• Constraining gas metal mixing strength in simulations using observations of the Milky Way's disc
• The secular evolution of a uniform density star cluster immersed in a compressible galactic tidal field
• Different Sodium enhancements among multiple populations of Milky Way globular clusters
• A Dwarf Galaxy Debris Stream Associated with Palomar 1 and the Anticenter Stream
• Two-point correlation function studies for the Milky Way: discovery of spatial clustering from disk excitations and substructure
• Robust machine learning model of inferring the ex-situ stellar fraction of galaxies from photometric data
• Characterizing the Evolved Stellar Population in the Galactic Foreground I: Bolometric Magnitudes, Spatial Distribution and P-L Relations
• The Chemodynamical Nature of the Triangulum-Andromeda Overdensity
• The effect of environment on the mass assembly history of the Milky Way and M31
• A correlation between accreted stellar kinematics and dark matter halo spin in the ARTEMIS simulations
• The building blocks of the Milky Way halo using APOGEE and Gaia -- or -- Is the Galaxy a typical galaxy?
• The Dark Universe is not invisible
• First resolved stellar halo kinematics of a MW-mass galaxy outside the Local Group: A flat counter-rotating halo in NGC 4945
• Mapping Milky Way Halo Substructure using Stars in the Extended Blue Tail of the Horizontal Branch
• Deciphering the Kinematic Substructure of Local Dark Matter with LAMOST K Giants
• Kinematic-Chemical analysis and Time tagging for the Diagonal Ridge Structure of the Galactic Outer Disk with LAMOST Red Giant Branch Stars
• A Vertically Orientated Dark Matter Halo Marks a Flip of the Galactic Disk
• J01020100-7122208: an accreted evolved blue straggler that wasn't ejected from a supermassive black hole
• Globular cluster candidates in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
• A New Tidal Stream Discovered in Gaia DR3
• Photometric calibration in u-band using blue halo stars
• How do the dynamics of the Milky Way -- Large Magellanic Cloud system affect gamma-ray constraints on particle dark matter?
• A path towards constraining the evolution of the interstellar medium and outflows in the Milky Way using APOGEE
• Elliptical (E) and ellicular (ES) galaxies in the M_bh-M_*,sph diagram, and a merger-driven explanation for the origin of ES galaxies, anti-truncated stellar discs in lenticular galaxies, and the Sersicification of E galaxy light profiles
• A slow spin to win -- the gradual evolution of the proto-Galaxy to the old disc
• The weak connection between the stellar haloes and merger histories of Milky Way-mass galaxies
• Chemical tagging with APOGEE, MUSE, and HST: constraints on the formation of $\omega$ Centauri
• Spectral Evidence of Solar Neighborhood Analogs in CALIFA Galaxies
• Tomography of stellar halos: what does anisotropy in a stellar halo tell us?
• Very metal-poor stars in the solar vicinity: kinematics and abundance analysis
• Asteroseismically Inferred Ages of 132,000 Red Giants with TESS
• Revisited parameters for the twin bulge globular clusters NGC 6528 and NGC 6553
• Unevolved Li-rich stars at low metallicity: a possible formation pathway through novae
• Inconsistency of Chemical Properties of Stellar Populations in the Thick Disk Subsystem of Our Galaxy
• Auriga Streams II: orbital properties of tidally disrupting satellites of Milky Way-mass galaxies
• Chemo-dynamical substructure in the M31 inner halo globular clusters: Further evidence for a recent accretion event
• Search for the metal-weak thick disk from the LAMOST DR5
• Role of host galaxy in the formation of multiple stellar populations: Analysis of NGC 1786 and NGC 1898
• Investigating the vertical distribution of the disk as a function of radial action
• The dawn is quiet here: Rise in [$\alpha$/Fe] is a signature of massive gas accretion that fueled proto-Milky Way
• Radial Dependence of the Proto-Globular Cluster Contribution to the Milky Way Formation
• Rediscovering the Milky Way with orbit superposition approach and APOGEE data III. Panoramic view of the bulge
• Resolving local and global kinematic signatures of satellite mergers with billion particle simulations
• The Nephele ecosystem: stars, globular clusters, and stellar streams associated with the progenitor galaxy of $\omega$ Centauri
• Reconsidering The Bailey Diagrams of ab-type RR Lyrae Stars, Metallicity-Mediated Evolution as the Direct Cause of the Oosterhoff Phenomenon
• Deciphering the Milky Way's star formation at cosmic noon with high proper-motion stars: A precursor to the merger-driven starburst
• Main-sequence Turnoff Stars as Probes of the Ancient Galactic Relic: Chemo-dynamical Analysis of a Pilot Sample
• Unveiling Galactic substructures with M Giant stars: A kinematic and chemical study based on LAMOST DR9, Gaia DR3 and APOGEE DR17
• Stellar substructures in the Galactic disc and halo: Properties, origins, and evolution
• A Recent Supermassive Black Hole Binary in the Galactic Center Unveiled by the Hypervelocity Stars
• Identifying substructure associations in the Milky Way halo using chemo-kinematic tagging
• The Spheroidal Bulge of the Milky Way: Chemodynamically Distinct from the Inner-Thick Disc and Bar
• The accreted Galaxy: An overview of TESS metal-poor accreted stars candidates
• Milky Way's Metal-Poor Stars display Chemical Transition near the Solar Radius
• Disentanglement of the chemodynamical assembly: mapping the Milky Way disks
• Bulgeless Evolution And the Rise of Discs (BEARD) II. The role of mergers in shaping the Milky Way analogues in TNG50
• Chronos --- Taking the pulse of our Galactic neighbourhood (ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper)
• Chemical abundances of field halo stars -- Implications for the building blocks of the Milky Way
• Metallicity and absolute magnitude calibrations for F-G type main-sequence stars in the Gaia era
• Tidally-induced radial migration waves in LMC-like galaxies
• Discovery of Galactic center ejected star in DESI DR1
• Ages and metallicities of stellar clusters using S-PLUS narrow-band integrated photometry: the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Dissecting stellar populations with manifold learning I. Validation of the method on a synthetic Milky Way-like galaxy
• Numerical effects on the stripping of dark matter and stars in IllustrisTNG galaxy groups and clusters
• Accreted stars and stellar haloes of simulated galaxies in TNG50
• Stellar halo striations from assumptions of axisymmetry
• A Hint of Three-section Halo as Seen from the APOGEE DR14
• Build-up and survival of the disc: From numerical models of galaxy formation to the Milky Way
• Modelling the chemical evolution of the Milky Way
• Partitioning the Galactic Halo with Gaussian Mixture Models
• The metal-poorest tail of the Galactic halo: hypothesis on its origin from precise spectral analysis
• The SAMI Survey: Evidence for dynamical coupling of ionised gas and young stellar populations
• 3D non-LTE Ca II line formation in metal-poor FGK stars. I. Abundance corrections, radial velocity corrections, and synthetic spectra
• Stirring Things Up: Bar-induced substructures in the stellar halo of a cosmological Milky Way analogue
• The progenitor galaxies of stellar haloes as "failed" Milky Ways
• Physical and Chemical Properties of Galactic Global Clusters with Various Origins Identified from the Gaia DR2 Data
• High reddening patches in Gaia DR2. Possible artifacts or indication of star formation at the edge of the Galactic disk
• The Milky Way and M31 Orbital History: Did the Local Group evolve in isolation?
• The Galactic potential and dark matter density from angular stellar accelerations
• New families in our Solar neighborhood: applying Gaussian Mixture models for objective classification of structures in the Milky Way and in simulations
• Towards Understanding the Milky Way's Typicality: Assessing the Chemodynamics of M31's Bulge & Bar, Thick & Thin Discs
• A Sequoia stellar candidate with very high 7Li and 9Be
• Identification of a dwarf galaxy stream in Gaia, and its possible association with the VPOS structure
• Timing Mass of the Local Group
• The mass and redshift dependence of halo star clustering
• Modelling the Milky Way's exoplanet population based on cosmological galaxy simulations
• Solar twins in Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec II. Age distribution and its implications for the Sun's migration
• Using two point correlation functions to understand the assembly histories of Milky Way-like galaxies
• Chemo-dynamical reconstruction of Milky Way globular cluster progenitors: Age-metallicity relations and the universality of multiple stellar populations
• Searching for stars ejected from the Galactic Centre in DESI
• GSE vs. LMC: reshaping of radially biased stellar haloes by satellites
• Two faces of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus: Mining the chemical abundance space with graph attention networks
• Exploring faint white dwarfs and the luminosity function with Subaru HSC and SDSS in Stripe 82
• Azimuthal Misalignments in Stellar Warp Structure as Dynamical Tracers of Mergers in Milky Way-like Galaxies
• HR-GO II: chemical abundances of low-$E$ retrograde dynamically-tagged-groups: Revealing Thamnos as a very metal-poor substructure
• HE0144-4657: A Carbon-Enhanced Ultra Metal-Poor Star ([Fe/H] ~ -4.1) from the Helmi Stream Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy
• Disentangling Milky Way halo populations at low metallicities using [Al/Fe]
• Revisiting the Radial Metallicity Gradient-Age Relation in the Milky Way's Thin and Thick Disks
• On the connection between nitrogen-enhanced field stars and the Galactic globular clusters
• Rise of the forsaken relics: connecting present-day stellar streams and phase-mixed galaxies to the Epoch of Reionization
• Milky Way globular cluster dynamics: are they preferentially co-rotating?
• The chemical DNA of the Magellanic Clouds VI. Origin and evolution of neutron-capture elements in the SMC
• Neutron-capture elements record the ordered chemical evolution of the disc over time
• Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus: Lithium evolution from early red-giant-branch and main-sequence stars
• Machine Learning for Galactic Archaeology: A chemistry-based neural network method for identification of accreted disc stars
• walter: A Tool for Predicting Resolved Stellar Population Observations with Applications to the Roman Space Telescope
• A new method to retrieve the star formation history from white dwarf luminosity functions -- an application to the Gaia catalogue of nearby stars
• The GALAH Survey: Neutron-Capture Elemental Abundances for 350,000 Gaia-RVS spectra and the Chemodynamics of Accreted Structures
• Epicyclic Density Variations in the Indus Stellar Stream
• A Tilt in the Dark Matter Halo of the Galaxy
• Stellar halos of bright central galaxies II: Scaling relations, colors and metallicity evolution with redshift
• J-PLUS Reconstructing the Milky Way Disc's star formation history with twelve-filter photometry
• The chemodynamical memory of a major merger in a NIHAO-UHD Milky Way analogue -- I. A golden thread through time and space
• Photo-chemo-dynamical analysis and the origin of the bulge globular cluster Palomar 6
• The R-Process Alliance: A Nearly Complete R-Process Abundance Template Derived from Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the R-Process-Enhanced Metal-Poor Star HD 222925
• How to Build an Empirical Speed Distribution for Dark Matter in the Solar Neighborhood
• Globular clusters of the Gaia Enceladus/Sausage -- I. Orbital and dynamical evolution on cosmological timescales
• Detailed Abundance Determination of Metal-Poor Stars with X-Shooter I. Unusual Chemistry in Halo Stars
• Milky Way Satellite Census. IV. Constraints on Decaying Dark Matter from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• APOGEE chemical abundances of stars in the MW satellites Fornax, Sextans, Draco and Carina
• Anisotropy of Halo Main Sequence Turnoff Stars Measured with New MMT Radial Velocities and Gaia Proper Motions
• Impact of merger histories on the timing argument estimate of the Local Group mass
• Using Gaia for studying Milky Way star clusters
• An ancient system hidden in the Galactic plane?
• The morphological stability of open clusters: a new 2D perspective
• Dwarf stellar haloes: a powerful probe of small-scale galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter
• Searching for and characterizing halo substructures with the GALAH DR4 survey
• Probing the Milky Way Halo with RR Lyrae Stars from Gaia Data Release 3
• Evolution of action-space coherence in a Milky Way-like simulation
• A new member of the Milky Way's family tree: Characterizing the Pontus merger of our Galaxy
• A search for stellar structures around nine outer halo globular clusters in the Milky Way
• The intermediate age population of the Galactic halo