The PAndAS View of the Andromeda Satellite System. IV Global properties

Abstract

We build a statistical framework to infer the global properties of the satellite system of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) from the properties of individual dwarf galaxies located in the Pan-Andromeda Archaelogical Survey (PAndAS) and the previously determined completeness of the survey. Using forward modeling, we infer the slope of the luminosity function of the satellite system, the slope of its spatial density distribution, and the size-luminosity relation followed by the dwarf galaxies. We find that the slope of the luminosity function is $\beta =-1.5\pm 0.1$. Combined with the spatial density profile, it implies that, when accounting for survey incompleteness, M31 hosts $92_{-26}^{+19}$ dwarf galaxies with $M_{\text{V}}<-5.5$ and a sky-projected distance from M31 between 30 and 300kpc. We conclude that many faint or distant dwarf galaxies remain to be discovered around Andromeda, especially outside the PAndAS footprint. Finally, we use our model to test if the higher number of satellites situated in the hemisphere facing the Milky Way could be explained simply by the detection limits of dwarf galaxy searches. We rule this out at $>99.9\%$ confidence and conclude that this anisotropy is an intrinsic feature of the M31 satellite system. The statistical framework we present here is a powerful tool to robustly constrain the properties of a satellite system and compare those across hosts, especially considering the upcoming start of the Euclid or Rubin large photometric surveys that are expected to uncover a large number of dwarf galaxies in the Local Volume.

arXiv commentSubmitted to ApJ - 12 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables

References in corpus (85)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD
• Observational evidence for self-interacting cold dark matter
• The observed properties of dwarf galaxies in and around the Local Group
• The merger that led to the formation of the Milky Way's inner stellar halo and thick disk
• The size distribution of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Halo Formation in Warm Dark Matter Models
• The First Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Reionization and the abundance of galactic satellites
• The remnants of galaxy formation from a panoramic survey of the region around M31
• A Vast Thin Plane of Co-rotating Dwarf Galaxies Orbiting the Andromeda Galaxy
• Can Photoionization Squelching Resolve the Sub-structure Crisis?
• The Haunted Halos of Andromeda and Triangulum: A panorama of galaxy formation in action
• Hundreds of Milky Way Satellites? Luminosity Bias in the Satellite Luminosity Function
• The great disk of Milky-Way satellites and cosmological sub-structures
• Stellar Feedback in Dwarf Galaxy Formation
• The Luminosity Function of the Milky Way Satellites
• Not so lumpy after all: modeling the depletion of dark matter subhalos by Milky Way-like galaxies
• The Quenching of the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies in the Reionization Era
• Milky Way Satellite Census. III. Constraints on Dark Matter Properties from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• The large-scale structure of the halo of the Andromeda Galaxy Part I: global stellar density, morphology and metallicity properties
• The SAGA Survey: I. Satellite Galaxy Populations Around Eight Milky Way Analogs
• There is No Missing Satellites Problem
• A quantitative explanation of the observed population of Milky Way satellite galaxies
• The Local Group on FIRE: Dwarf galaxy populations across a suite of hydrodynamic simulations
• Substructure depletion in the Milky Way halo by the disk
• Milky Way Satellite Census. II. Galaxy--Halo Connection Constraints Including the Impact of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Discovery and analysis of three faint dwarf galaxies and a globular cluster in the outer halo of the Andromeda galaxy
• The spatial distribution of the Milky Way and Andromeda satellite galaxies
• The SAGA Survey. II. Building a Statistical Sample of Satellite Systems around Milky Way-like Galaxies
• A whirling plane of satellite galaxies around Centaurus A challenges cold dark matter cosmology
• Confirmation of Faint Dwarf Galaxies in the M81 Group
• PAndAS' progeny: extending the M31 dwarf galaxy cabal
• Robust Optical Richness Estimation with Reduced Scatter
• The Star Formation Histories of Local Group Dwarf Galaxies II. Searching For Signatures of Reionization
• The large-scale structure of the halo of the Andromeda galaxy II. Hierarchical structure in the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey
• Milky Way Satellite Census. I. The Observational Selection Function for Milky Way Satellites in DES Y3 and Pan-STARRS DR1
• A Bayesian Approach to Locating the Red Giant Branch Tip Magnitude (Part II); Distances to the Satellites of M31
• The upper bound on the lowest mass halo
• Sweating the small stuff: simulating dwarf galaxies, ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, and their own tiny satellites
• Andromeda IX: A New Dwarf Spheroidal Satellite of M31
• The Three-Dimensional Structure of the M31 Satellite System; Strong Evidence for an Inhomogeneous Distribution of Satellites
• The PAndAS view of the Andromeda satellite system - II. Detailed properties of 23 M31 dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• A trio of new Local Group galaxies with extreme properties
• Gaia early DR3 systemic motions of Local Group dwarf galaxies and orbital properties with a massive Large Magellanic Cloud
• PAndAS' cubs: discovery of two new dwarf galaxies in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies
• Discovery of New Dwarf Galaxies in the M81 Group
• The Planes of Satellite Galaxies Problem, Suggested Solutions, and Open Questions
• The total satellite population of the Milky Way
• The Andromeda galaxy's most important merger about 2 billion years ago as M32's likely progenitor
• An Automated Cluster Finder: the Adaptive Matched Filter
• Phat ELVIS: The inevitable effect of the Milky Way's disk on its dark matter subhaloes
• A profile in FIRE: resolving the radial distributions of satellite galaxies in the Local Group with simulations
• Shaken and Stirred: The Milky Way's Dark Substructures
• The outer halo globular cluster system of M31 - I. The final PAndAS catalogue
• The satellite distribution of M31
• The PAndAS view of the Andromeda satellite system - I. A Bayesian search for dwarf galaxies using spatial and color-magnitude information
• Andromeda X, A New Dwarf Spheroidal Satellite of M31: Photometry
• The faint end of the Centaurus A satellite luminosity function
• The M101 Satellite Luminosity Function and the Halo to Halo Scatter Among Local Volume Hosts
• Lacerta I and Cassiopeia III: Two luminous and distant Andromeda satellite dwarf galaxies found in the 3π Pan-STARRS1 survey
• Andromeda XVII: A New Low Luminosity Satellite of M31
• The Local Group as a time machine: studying the high-redshift Universe with nearby galaxies
• The Hubble Space Telescope Survey of M31 Satellite Galaxies I. RR Lyrae-based Distances and Refined 3D Geometric Structure
• Resolved Dwarf Galaxy Searches within ~5 Mpc with the Vera Rubin Observatory and Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam
• Andromeda XXVIII: A Dwarf Galaxy More Than 350 kpc from Andromeda
• What Sets the Sizes of the Faintest Galaxies?
• An observer's guide to the (Local Group) dwarf galaxies: predictions for their own dwarf satellite populations
• Local Group Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies in the Reionization Era
• A PAndAS view of M31 dwarf elliptical satellites: NGC147 and NGC185
• Stellar streams as gravitational experiments II. Asymmetric tails of globular cluster streams
• Perseus I: A distant satellite dwarf galaxy of Andromeda
• The outer halo globular cluster system of M31 - III. Relationship to the stellar halo
• Andromeda XXIX: A New Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy 200kpc from Andromeda
• Comparing the Quenching Times of Faint M31 and Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• The Lopsidedness of Satellite Galaxy Systems in $\Lambda$CDM simulations
• How Unusual is the Milky Way's Assembly History?
• Pegasus V -- a newly discovered ultra-faint dwarf galaxy on the outskirts of Andromeda
• Stellar population and structural properties of dwarf galaxies and young stellar systems in the M81 group
• A rogues gallery of Andromeda's dwarf galaxies I. A predominance of red horizontal branches
• The PAndAS View of the Andromeda Satellite System. III. Dwarf galaxy detection limits
• The Missing Satellite Problem Outside of the Local Group. II. Statistical Properties of Satellites of Milky Way-like Galaxies
• A Dwarf Disrupting -- Andromeda XXVII and the North West Stream
• On the origin of the asymmetric dwarf galaxy distribution around Andromeda

Cited by in corpus (7)

• The SAGA Survey. IV. The Star Formation Properties of 101 Satellite Systems around Milky Way-mass Galaxies
• Investigating the Dark Matter Halo of NGC 5128 using a Discrete Dynamical Model
• DELVE-DEEP Survey: The Faint Satellite System of NGC 55
• Andromeda's asymmetric satellite system as a challenge to cold dark matter cosmology
• Subhalos are Anisotropically Distributed and Aligned with the Smooth Matter Distribution of Their Host Halos
• DELVE Milky Way Satellite Galaxy Census I: Satellite Population and Survey Selection Function in DES, DELVE, and Pan-STARRS
• Environmental Invariance of the Galaxy Size-Mass Relation