Nematic order in iron superconductors - who is in the driver's seat?

Abstract

Although the existence of nematic order in iron-based superconductors is now a well-established experimental fact, its origin remains controversial. Nematic order breaks the discrete lattice rotational symmetry by making the $x$ and $y$ directions in the Fe plane non-equivalent. This can happen because of (i) a tetragonal to orthorhombic structural transition, (ii) a spontaneous breaking of an orbital symmetry, or (iii) a spontaneous development of an Ising-type spin-nematic order - a magnetic state that breaks rotational symmetry but preserves time-reversal symmetry. The Landau theory of phase transitions dictates that the development of one of these orders should immediately induce the other two, making the origin of nematicity a physics realization of a "chicken and egg problem". The three scenarios are, however, quite different from a microscopic perspective. While in the structural scenario lattice vibrations (phonons) play the dominant role, in the other two scenarios electronic correlations are responsible for the nematic order. In this review, we argue that experimental and theoretical evidence strongly points to the electronic rather than phononic mechanism, placing the nematic order in the class of correlation-driven electronic instabilities, like superconductivity and density-wave transitions. We discuss different microscopic models for nematicity in the iron pnictides, and link nematicity to other ordered states of the global phase diagram of these materials -- magnetism and superconductivity. In the magnetic model nematic order pre-empts stripe-type magnetic order, and the same interaction which favors nematicity also gives rise to an unconventional $s^{+-}$ superconductivity. In the charge/orbital model magnetism appears as a secondary effect of ferro-orbital order, and the interaction which favors nematicity gives rise to a conventional $s^{++}$ superconductivity.

10-page review article; a revised version has been accepted for publication in Nature Physics

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• Dimensionality crossover to 2D vestigial nematicity from 3D zigzag antiferromagnetism in an XY-type honeycomb van der Waals magnet
• Non-local $d_{xy}$ nematicity and the missing electron pocket in FeSe
• Evolution of the nematic susceptibility in LaFe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$AsO
• Electronic nematicity in FeSe: a first-principles perspective
• Enhanced hybridization sets the stage for electronic nematicity in CeRhIn5
• Electronic band structure of optimal superconductors: from cuprates to ferropnictides and back again
• Extended degeneracy and order by disorder in the square lattice J${}_1$-J${}_2$-J${}_3$ model
• Two types of superconducting domes in unconventional superconductors
• Enhanced superconducting pairing strength near a nonmagnetic nematic quantum critical point
• Rotational symmetry breaking at the incommensurate charge-density-wave transition in Ba(Ni,Co)${}_2$(As,P)${}_2$: Possible nematic phase induced by charge/orbital fluctuations
• Ultrafast nematic-orbital excitation in FeSe
• Double stage nematic bond-ordering above double stripe magnetism: application to BaTi${}_2$Sb${}_2$O
• Low-temperature ordered phases of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ XXZ chain system Cs${}_2$CoCl${}_4$
• Raman scattering as a probe of nematic correlations
• THz Field Control of In-Plane Orbital Order in La0.5Sr1.5MnO4
• The evolution of antiferromagnetic susceptibility to uniaxial pressure in Ba(Fe{1-x}Co{x})2As2
• Symmetry-unprotected nodes or gap minima in $s_{++}$ state of FeSe single crystal
• Phase transition preceding magnetic long-range order in the double perovskite Ba2NaOsO6
• Superconductivity Mediated by Nematic Fluctuations in Tetragonal $\text{Fe}{\text{Se}}_{1-x}{\text{S}}_x$
• Quantum Cluster Quasicrystals
• Distinct pressure evolution of coupled nematic and magnetic order in FeSe
• Close correlation between magnetic properties and the soft phonon mode of the structural transition in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ and SrFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Spin nematic fluctuations near a spin-density-wave phase
• Imaging Nematic Transitions in Iron-Pnictide Superconductors with a Quantum Gas
• Singular magnetic anisotropy in the nematic phase of FeSe
• Van-Hove annihilation and nematic instability on a Kagome lattice
• Superconductivity in Undoped BaFe2As2 by Tetrahedral Geometry Design
• Nematic correlation length in iron-based superconductors probed by inelastic x-ray scattering
• Ultra-High Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy of Low-Energy Spin Dynamics in UGe${}_2$
• Phase transition beneath the superconducting dome in BaFe${}_2$(As${}_{1-x}$P${}_x$)${}_2$
• Thermodynamic Anomaly Above the Superconducting Critical Temperature in the Quasi One-Dimensional Superconductor Ta${}_4$Pd${}_3$Te${}_{16}$
• Emerging symmetric strain response and weakening nematic fluctuations in strongly hole-doped iron-based superconductors
• Unconventional short-range structural fluctuations in cuprate high-$T_c$ superconductors
• Anomalous excitonic phase diagram in band-gap-tuned Ta2Ni(Se,S)5
• Photoinduced ultrafast dynamics of local nematicity and lattice distortions in FeSe crystals
• Thermoelectric anisotropy in Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 iron-based superconductor
• Magnetism and superconductivity in Fe${}_{1+y}$Te${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$
• Emergent superconductivity in single crystalline ${\mathrm{MgTi}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4$ films via structural engineering
• Strain-induced time reversal breaking and half quantum vortices near a putative superconducting tetra-critical point in Sr${}_2$RuO${}_4$
• Nematicity and superconductivity: Competition versus cooperation
• Suppression of indirect exchange and symmetry breaking in antiferromagnetic metal with dynamic charge stripes
• High Tc superconductivity in CaKFe${}_4$As${}_4$ in absence of nematic fluctuations
• Phonon softening and slowing down of charge-density-wave fluctuations in BaNi${}_2$As${}_2$
• Polar State induced by Block-type Lattice Distortions in BaFe2Se3 with Quasi-One-Dimensional Ladder Structure
• Impact of Nematicity on the Relationship between Antiferromagnetic Fluctuations and Superconductivity in FeSe0.91S0.09 Under Pressure
• Evolution from $B_{2g}$ nematics to $B_{1g}$ nematics in heavily hole-doped iron-based superconductors
• Absence of $E_{2g}$ nematic instability and dominant $A_{1g}$ response in the kagome metal CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
• Short-range nematic fluctuations in Sr1-xNaxFe2As2 superconductors
• Impurity-induced bound states inside the superconducting gap of FeSe
• Bounds on Nanoscale Nematicity in Single-Layer FeSe/SrTiO${}_3$
• Of Substitution and Doping: Spatial and Electronic Structure in Fe Pnictides
• Itinerant G-type antiferromagnetic order in SrCr${}_2$As${}_2$
• Second order Zeeman interaction and ferroquadrupolar order in TmVO${}_4$
• Dynamical mean-field study of Vanadium diselenide monolayer ferromagnetism
• Effect of magnetism on lattice dynamics in SrFe${}_2$As${}_2$ as seen via high resolution inelastic x-ray scattering
• Widespread orthorhombic fluctuations in the (Sr,Na)Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ family of superconductors
• Single domain stripe order in a high-temperature superconductor
• Using Nonequilibrium Dynamics to Probe Competing Orders in a Mott-Peierls System
• Origin of structural and magnetic transitions in BaFe${}_{2-x}$Ru${}_x$As${}_2$ materials
• Frustrated structural instability in superconducting quasi-one-dimensional K${}_2$Cr${}_3$As${}_3$
• Mutual independence of critical temperature and superfluid density under pressure in optimally electron-doped superconducting LaFeAsO${}_{1-x}$F${}_x$
• Spin anisotropy due to spin-orbit coupling in optimally hole-doped Ba${}_{0.67}$K${}_{0.33}$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Lattice-Shifted Nematic Quantum Critical Point in FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$
• Charge and nematic orders in AFe${}_2$As${}_2$ (A= Rb,Cs) superconductors
• Enhanced superconducting transition temperature in hyper-interlayer-expanded FeSe despite the suppressed electronic nematic order and spin fluctuations
• NMR study of nematic spin fluctuations in a detwinned single crystal of underdoped Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Collective modes near a Pomeranchuk instability
• Machine Learning Microscopic Form of Nematic Order in twisted double-bilayer graphene
• Soft phonons reveal the nematic correlation length in Ba(Fe${}_{0.94}$Co${}_{0.06}$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Visualization of local magnetic moments emerging from impurities in the Hund's metal states of FeSe
• Displacement and annihilation of Dirac gap-nodes in d-wave iron-based superconductors
• Robust block magnetism in the spin ladder compound BaFe${}_2$Se${}_3$ under hydrostatic pressure
• Enhanced Grüneisen Parameter in Supercooled Water
• Superconducting properties and pseudogap from preformed Cooper pairs in the triclinic (CaFe${}_{1-x}$Pt${}_x$As)${}_{10}$Pt${}_3$As${}_8$
• Presence of magnetic excitations in SmFeAsO
• Thermal evolution of antiferromagnetic correlations and tetrahedral bond angles in superconducting FeTe${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$
• Spin excitations and the Fermi surface of superconducting FeS
• Experimental Evidences for Static Charge Density Waves in Iron Oxy-pnictides
• Magnetic phase diagram of the iron pnictides in the presence of spin-orbit coupling: Frustration between $C_2$ and $C_4$ magnetic phases
• Raman response in the nematic phase of FeSe
• Slow dynamics of disordered zigzag chain molecules in layered LiVS2 under electron irradiation
• Magnetic phase transitions in Eu(Co,Ni)2As2 single crystals
• Elastoresistance measurements on CaKFe${}_4$As${}_4$ and KCa${}_2$Fe${}_4$As${}_4$F${}_2$ with the Fe site of $C_{2v}$ symmetry
• Moving frames and compatibility conditions for three-dimensional director fields
• Order parameter fluctuation and ordering competition in $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{1-\mathrm{x}}{\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_2\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{s}}_2$
• Orbital-selective spin waves in detwinned NaFeAs
• In-plane uniaxial pressure-induced out-of-plane antiferromagnetic moment and critical fluctuations in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Correlated electronic structure, orbital-dependent correlations, and Lifshitz transition in tetragonal FeS
• Close correlation between superconducting transition temperatures and carrier densities in Te- and S-substituted FeSe thin films
• Intertwined spin-orbital coupled orders in the iron-based superconductors
• Spin and quadrupolar orders in the spin-1 bilinear-biquadratic model for iron-based superconductors
• Inter-orbital nematicity and the origin of a single electron Fermi pocket in FeSe
• Electronic Nematicity Revealed by Torque Magnetometry in Iron Arsenide EuFe${}_2$(As${}_{1-x}$P${}_x$)${}_2$
• Ingredients for Generalized Models of $\kappa$-Phase Organic Charge-Transfer Salts: A Review
• Synthesis, phase stability, structural and physical properties of 11-type iron chalcogenides
• Coexistence of Nematic Order and Superconductivity in the Hubbard Model
• Collective magnetic excitations of $C_4$ symmetric magnetic states in iron-based superconductors
• Enhanced nematic fluctuations near an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator and possible application to high-$T_c$ cuprates
• Nematic Ising superconductivity with hidden magnetism in few-layer 6R-TaS2
• Dominant in-plane symmetric elastoresistance in CsFe2As2
• Magnetic and nematic orders of the 2DEG at oxide (111) surfaces and interfaces
• Effect of weak disorder on the phase competition in iron pnictides
• Influence of disorder on the signature of pseudogap and multigap superconducting behavior in FeSe
• Energy scale of nematic ordering in the parent iron-based superconductor:BaFe2As2
• Hund's metal crossover and superconductivity in the 111 family of iron-based superconductors
• Muon spin rotation and infrared spectroscopy study of magnetism and superconductivity in Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Iron-based superconductors: tales from the nuclei
• Reemergeing electronic nematicity in heavily hole-doped Fe-based superconductors
• Competing spin density wave, collinear, and helical magnetism in Fe1+xTe
• High-pressure effects on isotropic superconductivity in the iron-free layered pnictide superconductor BaPd2As2
• FeSe and the missing electron pocket problem
• Anomalous Composition-Induced Crossover in the Magnetic Properties of the Itinerant-Electron Antiferromagnet Ca{1-x}Sr{x}Co{2-y}As{2}
• Spin fluctuation anisotropy as a probe of orbital-selective hole-electron quasiparticle excitations in detwinned Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2
• Failed excitonic quantum phase transition in Ta${}_2$Ni(Se${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$)${}_5$
• Twisted-bilayer FeSe and the Fe-based superlattices
• Origin of doping-induced suppression and reemergence of magnetism in LaFeAsO${}_{1-x}$H${}_x$
• Anisotropic nematic fluctuations above the ferroquadrupolar transition in TmVO${}_4$
• Restoration of tetragonal $C_4$ symmetry coexistent with filamentary superconductivity in the pressure induced intermediate phase in the iron-based superconductor Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Electronic structures of doped BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ materials: virtual crystal approximation versus super-cell approach
• Spin excitation anisotropy in optimal-isovalent-doped superconductor BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2
• Pressure induced Lifshitz transition in ThFeAsN
• Orientational order parameters for arbitrary quantum systems
• Intertwined magnetic and nematic orders in semiconducting KFe${}_{0.8}$Ag${}_{1.2}$Te${}_2$
• Electric field gradient wave (EFGW) in iron-based superconductor Ba(0.6)K(0.4)Fe2As2 studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy
• Band structure reconstruction across nematic order in high quality FeSe single crystal as revealed by optical spectroscopy study
• Competing Electronic Phases near the Onset of Superconductivity in Hole-doped SrFe2As2
• Frustrated Magnetism from Local Moments in FeSe
• Unconventional electronic order in a codoped high-Tc superconductor
• Momentum-resolved measurement of electronic nematic susceptibility in the FeSe${}_{0.9}$S${}_{0.1}$ superconductor
• Flatband-Induced Itinerant Ferromagnetism in RbCo${}_2$Se${}_2$
• Nematic Fluctuations and Phase Transitions in LaFeAsO: a Raman Scattering Study
• Pressure dependence of coherence-incoherence crossover behavior in KFe2As2 observed by resistivity and 75As-NMR/NQR
• A theory of criticality for quantum ferroelectric metals
• Orbital superconductivity, defects and pinned nematic fluctuations in the doped iron chalcogenide FeSe${}_{0.45}$Te${}_{0.55}$
• Dynamic spin-lattice coupling and nematic fluctuations in NaFeAs
• DC resistivity near a nematic quantum critical point: Effects of weak disorder and acoustic phonons
• Valley-polarized nematic order in twisted moiré systems: In-plane orbital magnetism and non-Fermi liquid to Fermi liquid crossover
• Hall effect and symmetry breaking in non-magnetic metal with dynamic charge stripes
• Towards exact solutions for the superconducting $T_c$ induced by electron-phonon interaction
• Diverging Nematic Susceptibility, Physical Meaning of T* scale, and Pseudogap in the Spin Fermion Model for Pnictides
• Ising-nematic order in the bilinear-biquadratic model for the iron pnictides
• Raman resonance in iron-based superconductors: The magnetic scenario
• Dynamical susceptibility of a near-critical non-conserved order parameter and B2g Raman response in Fe-based superconductors
• Disentangling superconducting and magnetic orders in NaFe_1-xNi_xAs using muon spin rotation
• Three superconducting phases with different categories of pairing in hole- and electron-doped LaFeAs${}_{1-x}$P${}_x$O
• Symmetry-mixed bound-state order: extended degeneracy of $(d+ig)$-superconductivity in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_2\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_4$
• Importance of Fermi Surface Topology for In-Plane Resistivity Anisotropy in Hole- and Electron-Doped Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$TM${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$ (TM=Cr, Mn and Co)
• Muon spin rotation and infrared spectroscopy study of $B{a}_{1-x}N{a}_{x}F{e}_{2}A{s}_2$
• Optical observation of spin-density-wave fluctuations in Ba122 iron-based superconductors
• Pressure-induced reconstitution of Fermi surfaces and spin fluctuations in S-substituted FeSe
• Controlling competing orders via non-equilibrium acoustic phonons: emergence of anisotropic electronic temperature
• ${}^{77}$Se-NMR Study under Pressure on 12%-S Doped FeSe
• Low frequency Raman response near Ising-nematic quantum critical point: a memory matrix approach
• Probing the direct factor for superconductivity in FeSe-Based Superconductors by Raman Scattering
• Prethermal nematic order and staircase heating in a driven frustrated Ising magnet with dipolar interactions
• Large nematic susceptibility in the double-Q $C_4$ magnetic phase of Ba${}_{1-x}$Na${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Origin of the DC and AC conductivity anisotropy in iron-based superconductors: scattering rate versus spectral weight effects
• Fluctuations and pairing in Fe-based superconductors: Light scattering experiments
• Nematic magnetoelastic effect contrasted between Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$ and FeSe
• Density Matrix Renormalization Group Study of Nematicity in Two Dimensions: Application to a Spin-$1$ Bilinear-Biquadratic Model on the Square Lattice
• Pure nematic state in iron-based superconductor
• Scanning tunneling spectroscopy as a probe of multi-Q magnetic states of itinerant magnets
• Spatial competition of the ground states in 1111 iron pnictides
• Jahn-Teller induced nematic orbital order in tetragonal Sr${}_2$VO${}_4$
• Structure of the pairing gap from orbital nematic fluctuations
• Structural-transition-induced quasi two-dimensional Fermi surface in FeSe
• Comprehensive study of out-of-plane transport properties in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$: Three-dimensional electronic state and effect of chemical substitution
• Evolution of Structure and Superconductivity in Ba(Ni${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Nematicity of correlated systems driven by anisotropic chemical phase separation
• Pressure-induced superconductivity in palladium sulfide
• Weak-coupling superconductivity in a strongly correlated iron pnictide
• Impact of ordering competition on the global phase diagram of iron pnictides
• Possible Bicollinear Nematic State with Monoclinic Lattice Distortions in Iron Telluride Compounds
• Simultaneous Vanishing of the Nematic Electronic State and the Structural Orthorhombicity in NaFe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$As Single Crystals
• Anomalous contribution to the nematic electronic states from the structural transition in FeSe revealed by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• High-energy magnetic excitations from heavy quasiparticles in CeCu${}_2$Si${}_2$
• Specific heat of CeRhIn${}_5$ in high magnetic fields: Magnetic phase diagram revisited
• Field-induced multiple metal-insulator crossovers of correlated Dirac electrons of perovskite CaIrO${}_3$
• Nematicity-enhanced superconductivity in systems with a non-Fermi liquid behavior
• Interplay between nematicity and Bardasis-Schrieffer modes in the short-time dynamics of unconventional superconductors
• Orbital loop currents in iron-based superconductors
• Orbital Nematic Order and Interplay with Magnetism in the Two-Orbital Hubbard Model
• Preferred magnetic excitations in Sr${}_{1-x}$Na${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Nematic state of the FeSe superconductor
• Antagonistic in-plane resistivity anisotropies from competing fluctuations in underdoped cuprates
• Unconventional localization of electrons inside of a nematic electronic phase
• Nematicity and magnetism in LaFeAsO single crystals probed by ${}^{75}$As nuclear magnetic resonance
• Thermodynamic electric quadrupole moments of nematic phases from first-principles calculation
• Relationships between Superconductivity and Nematicity in FeSe${}_{1-x}$Te${}_x$ ($x=0-0.5$) Films Studied by Complex Conductivity Measurements
• Anisotropic quasiparticle coherence in nematic BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ studied with strain-dependent ARPES
• Tomonaga Luttinger liquid in the topological edge channel of multilayer FeSe
• Strain-tuned quantum criticality in electronic Potts-nematic systems
• Imitation of spin density wave order in Cu${}_3$Nb${}_2$O${}_8$
• Classification of electronic nematicity in three-dimensional crystals and quasicrystals
• Slow magnetic fluctuations and superconductivity in fluorine-doped NdFeAsO
• Persistence of slow fluctuations in the overdoped regime of Ba(Fe1-xRhx)2As2 superconductors
• Possible quantum nematic in a colossal magnetoresistance material
• Observation of orbital ordering and origin of the nematic order in FeSe
• Infrared probe of the gap evolution across the phase diagram of Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Driving force of the orbital-relevant electronic nematicity in Fe-based superconductors
• Preliminary Tc calculations for iron-based superconductivity in NaFeAs, LiFeAs, FeSe and nanostructured FeSe/SrTiO3 Superconductors
• Charting the landscape of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superconductors in experimentally known compounds
• Nematic quantum liquid crystals of bosons in frustrated lattices
• Electronic structure, lattice dynamics and magnetism of new ThXAsN (X=Fe,Co,Ni) superconductors: A First Principles Study
• Theoretical insights into electronic nematic order, bond-charge orders, and plasmons in cuprate superconductors
• Competition of Pairing and Nematicity in the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
• Anomalous spectral weight transfer in the nematic state of iron-selenide superconductor
• Spin excitation anisotropy in the paramagnetic tetragonal phase of BaFe2 As2
• Tuning a random field mechanism in a frustrated magnet
• Local breaking of four-fold rotational symmetry by short-range magnetic order in heavily overdoped Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Cu${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Quadrupolar charge dynamics in the nonmagnetic FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$ superconductors
• Scaling of the Fano effect of the in-plane Fe-As phonon and the superconducting critical temperature in Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Discovery of Orbital Ordering in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
• Nematic spin correlations pervading the phase diagram of FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$
• Structural phase diagram of LaO1-xFxBiSSe: suppression of the structural phase transition by partial F substitutions
• Nematic Fluctuations in an Orbital Selective Superconductor Fe${}_{1+y}$Te${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$
• Strain-derivative of thermoelectric properties: a sensitive probe for nematicity
• Two-dimensional Fermi liquid dynamics with density and quadrupolar interactions
• Disentangling charge and structural contributions during coherent atomic motions studied by ultrafast resonant x-ray diffraction
• Checkerboard order state in superconducting FeSe/SrTiO3(001) monolayer
• Interrelationships between nematicity, antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and superconductivity: Role of hotspots in FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$ revealed by high pressure ${}^{77}$Se NMR study
• Anomalous magneto-elastic coupling in Au-doped BaFe2As2
• Soft elastic constants from phonon spectroscopy in hole-doped Ba${}_{1-x}$(K,Na)${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ and Sr${}_{1-x}Na$_x$Fe$_2$As$_2$
• Inhomogeneous superconductivity in LuxZr1-xB12 dodecaborides with dynamic charge stripes
• Orbital-selective coherence-incoherence crossover and metal-insulator transition in Cu-doped NaFeAs
• Superconductivity and fluctuation in Ba${}_{1-p}$K${}_p$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ and Ba(Fe${}_{1-n}$Co${}_n$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• A unified phase diagram of F-doped LaFeAsO by means of NMR and NQR parameters
• Role of Sn impurity on electronic topological transitions in 122 Fe-based superconductors
• Elementary excitation in the spin-stripe phase in quantum chains
• Fermi surface, pressure-induced antiferromagnetic order, and superconductivity in FeSe
• Superconductivity and multiple pressure-induced phases in BaPt${}_2$As${}_2$
• Isotropic Quenched Disorder Triggers a Robust Nematic State in Electron-Doped Pnictides
• Evidence for Quantum Stripe Ordering in a Triangular Optical Lattice
• Nodal superconductivity coexists with low-moment static magnetism in single-crystalline tetragonal FeS: A muon spin relaxation and rotation study
• Nature of the Antiferromagnetic and Nematic Transitions in Sr${}_{1-x}$Ba${}_x$Fe${}_{1.97}$Ni${}_{0.03}$As${}_2$
• Potential Lifshitz transition at optimal substitution in nematic pnictide Ba${}_{1-x}$Sr${}_x$Ni${}_2$As${}_2$
• Tuning the magnetic and structural phase transitions of PrFeAsO via Fe/Ru spin dilution
• Electronic nematic phase transition in the presence of anisotropy
• Applications for ultimate spatial resolution in LASER based $\mu$-ARPES: A FeSe case study
• Smeared nematic quantum phase transitions due to rare-region effects in inhomogeneous systems
• Correlation-driven electronic nematicity in the Dirac semimetal BaNiS2
• Role of Fermi surface for the pressure-tuned nematic transition in the BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ family
• Strong enhancement of magnetic order from bulk to stretched monolayer FeSe as Hund's metals
• Isostructural spin-density-wave and superconducting gap anisotropies in iron-arsenide superconductors
• Suppression of Superconductivity and Nematic Order in Fe${}_{1-y}$Se${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$ (0$\le$$x$$\le$1, $y$$\le$0.1) Crystals by Anion Height Disorder
• Nematic state stabilized by off-site Coulomb interaction in iron-based superconductors
• Quasi-one Dimensional Nanostructures as Sign of Nematicity in Iron Pnictides and Chalcogenides
• Spectroscopic evidence of nematic fluctuations in LiFeAs
• Tuning the interplay between nematicity and spin fluctuations in Na${}_{1-x}$Li${}_x$FeAs superconductors
• Raman scattering study of tetragonal magnetic phase in Sr${}_{1-x}$Na${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$: structural symmetry and electronic gap
• Revisiting the phase diagram of LaFe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$AsO on single crystals by thermodynamic methods
• Cooper quartets in interacting hybrid superconducting systems
• Colossal transverse magnetoresistance due to nematic superconducting phase fluctuations in a copper oxide
• Study of antiferromagnetic and nematic phase transitions in $BaF{e}_2(A{s}_{1-x}{P}_x{)}_2$ by AC micro-calorimetry and SQUID magnetometry
• Suppression of superconductivity by spin fluctuations in iron-based superconductors
• Nonlinear uniaxial pressure dependence of $T_c$ in iron-based superconductors
• Quasiparticle scattering interference in iron pnictides: A probe of the origin of nematicity
• Multi-band effects in in-plane resistivity anisotropy of strain-detwinned disordered Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Ru${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Abundant quadrupolar or nematic phases driven by the Heisenberg interactions in a spin-1 dimer system forming a bilayer
• Orbital Selective Directional Conductor in the Two Orbital Hubbard Model
• Nematicity, magnetic fluctuation and ferro-spin-orbital ordering in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ family
• Real-space Observation of Unidirectional Charge Density Wave and Complex Structural Modulation in the Pnictide Superconductor Ba${}_{1-x}$Sr${}_x$Ni${}_2$As${}_2$
• Local Structure of Mott Insulating Iron Oxychalcogenides La${}_2$O${}_2$Fe${}_2$O$M$${}_2$ ($M$ = S, Se)
• Emergent ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry near a CDW multicritical point
• Direct observation of spin excitation anisotropy in the paramagnetic orthorhombic state of BaFe${}_{2-x}$Ni${}_x$As${}_2$
• Electronic origin of structural transition in 122 Fe based superconductors
• Nematicity in LaFeAsO${}_{1-x}$F${}_x$
• Impact of the first order antiferromagnetic phase transition on the paramagnetic spin excitations and nematic phase of SrFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• The Hidden Nematic Fluctuations in the Triclinic (Ca0.85La0.15)10(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5 Superconductor Revealed by Ultrafast Optical Spectroscopy
• Disorder-Induced Electronic Nematicity
• Itinerant scenario for Fe-pnictides: comparison with quantum Monte Carlo
• Laser-induced coherent control of an electronic nematic quantum phase transition
• Spin correlation in trigonal EuMn${}_2$As${}_2$
• Anisotropy of the DC conductivity due to orbital-selective spin fluctuations in the nematic phase of iron superconductors
• Structural Phase Transition, Antiferromagnetism and Two Superconducting Domes in LaFeAsO${}_{1-x}$F${}_x$ (0 $<x\le$ 0.75)
• Random-strain-induced correlations in materials with intertwined nematic and magnetic orders
• Unexpected Enhancement of Three-Dimensional Low-Energy Spin Correlations in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Fe${}_{1+y}$Te${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$ System at High Temperature
• Identifying the dominant pairing interaction in high-$T_c$ FeSe superconductors through Leggett modes
• Resurgence of superconductivity and the role of $d_{xy}$ hole band in FeSe${}_{1-x}$Te${}_x$
• Ubiquitous stripe phase and enhanced electron pairing in interfacial high-Tc superconductor FeSe/BaTiO${}_3$
• Vibrational anomalies in AFe${}_2$As${}_2$ (A$=$Ca, Sr, and Ba) single crystals
• FeAs${}_2$ formation and electronic nematic ordering: Analysis in terms of structural transformations
• Observation of a C-type short range antiferromagnetic order in expanded FeS
• Pairing gaps near ferromagnetic quantum critical points
• Magneto-elastic coupling in Fe-based superconductors
• Putative hybridization gap in CaMn${}_2$Bi${}_2$ under applied pressure
• Revealing the hidden order in BaTi2As2O via nuclear magnetic resonance
• Unconventional non-Fermi liquid state caused by nematic criticality in cuprates
• Nematic spectral signatures of the Hund's metal
• Interplay between Magnetic and Vestigial Nematic Orders in the Layered $J_1$-$J_2$ Classical Heisenberg Model
• Stronger quantum fluctuation with larger spins: Emergent magnetism in the pressurized high-temperature superconductor FeSe
• Emergence of Elastic Softening Featuring Ultra-Slow Dynamics Around Magnetic Critical Endpoint in UCoAl
• Superconductivity on the verge of electronic topological transition in Fe based superconductors
• Electron pairing with gapless excitations in mixed double layers
• Probing Fermi liquid exceptional points through AC conductivity
• Variation of shear moduli across superconducting phase transitions
• Common ($\pi$,$\pi$) Band Folding and Surface Reconstruction in FeAs-Based Superconductors
• Nematic response revealed by coherent phonon oscillations in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Theories for charge-driven nematicity in kagome metals
• Stability of the coexistent superconducting-nematic phase under the presence of intersite interactions
• Specific heat in strongly hole-doped Iron-based superconductors
• Anomalous coupling between magnetic and nematic orders in quantum Hall systems
• Nematic fluctuations in the non-superconducting iron pnictide BaFe${}_{1.9-x}$Ni${}_{0.1}$Cr${}_x$As${}_2$
• Transfer learning from Hermitian to non-Hermitian quantum many-body physics
• Defect-induced electronic smectic state at the surface of nematic materials
• Manipulating the nematic director by magnetic fields in the spin-triplet superconducting state of CuxBi2Se3
• Charge-density-wave quantum critical point under pressure in 2$H$-TaSe${}_2$
• Orbital order in a bosonic $p$-band triangular lattice
• Stripe order, impurities, and symmetry breaking in a diluted frustrated magnet
• Incommensurate magnetic states induced by ordering competition in $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{1-\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_2\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{s}}_2$
• A critical nematic phase with pseudogap-like behavior in twisted bilayers
• Measurements of elastoresistance under pressure by combining in-situ tunable quasi-uniaxial stress with hydrostatic pressure
• Superconductivity by transition metal doping in Ca${}_{10}$(Fe${}_{1-x}$M${}_x$As)${}_{10}$(Pt${}_3$As${}_8$) (M = Co, Ni, Cu)
• Anomalous magneto-elastic and charge doping effects in thallium-doped BaFe2As2
• High-order van Hove singularities and nematic instability in the kagome superconductor CsTi${}_3$Bi${}_5$
• Superconducting gap and nematic resonance at the quantum critical point observed by Raman scattering in $\mathrm{BaF}{\mathrm{e}}_2({\mathrm{As}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{P}}_x{)}_2$
• Orbital order from the on-site orbital attraction
• Long-range Ising spins models emerging from frustrated Josephson junctions arrays with topological constraints
• Spin-state smectics in spin crossover materials
• Thermoelectric signature of the nematic phase in iron-based superconductor
• Possible coexistence of double-Q magnetic order and chequerboard charge order in the re-entrant tetragonal phase of Ba0.76K0.24Fe2As2
• Combined resistivity and Hall effect study on NaFe${}_{1-x}$Rh${}_x$As single crystals
• Structural investigation of the Sm(Fe1-xRux)As(O0.85F0.15) system: a synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study
• Nematic order on the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator
• Magnetic-field-tuned randomness in inhomogeneous altermagnets
• Elastoresistivity of heavily hole doped 122 iron pnictides superconductors
• Interplay between Multipolar Order and Multipole-Induced Superconductivity in PrTi${}_2$Al${}_{20}$
• Strain tuning and anisotropic spin correlations in iron-based systems
• Elastic Quantum Criticality in Nematics and Altermagnets via the Elasto-Caloric Effect
• Effects of $c/a$ Anisotropy and Local Crystal Structure on Superconductivity in $A\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_2({\mathrm{As}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{P}}_x{)}_2$ ($A$=Ba${}_{1-y}$Sr${}_y$, Sr${}_{1-y}$Ca${}_y$ and Eu)
• Surface Nematic Order in Iron Pnictides
• Landau theory for magnetic and structural transitions in CeCo${}_{0.85}$Fe${}_{0.15}$Si
• Nematic phase in a two-dimensional Hubbard model at weak coupling and finite temperature
• Superconductivity and phonon self-energy effects in Fe${}_{1+y}$Te${}_{0.6}$Se${}_{0.4}$
• Superconductivity with Tc=7 K under pressure for Cu-, and Au-doped BaFe2As2
• In the Pursuit of Majorana Modes in Iron-based High-$T_c$ Superconductors
• Mössbauer studies of spin- and charge-modulations in BaFe2(As1-xPx)2
• Nematic phases and elastoresistivity from a multiorbital non-Fermi liquid
• Influence of orbital nematic order on spin responses in Fe-based superconductors
• Strong electron-phonon coupling in Ba${}_{1-x}$Sr${}_x$Ni${}_2$As${}_2$
• c-axis pressure induced antiferromagnetic order in optimally P-doped BaFe2(As0.70P0.30)2 superconductor
• Tracking the nematicity in cuprate superconductors: a resistivity study under uniaxial pressure
• Mapping out the spin fluctuations in Co-doped LaFeAsO single crystals by NMR
• The driving mechanism of the d-wave orbital order in the iron-based superconductors
• Transient gap generation in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ driven by coherent lattice vibrations
• Phases of frustrated quantum antiferromagnets on the square and triangular lattices
• Phenomenological theory of the superconducting state inside the hidden-order phase of URu${}_2$Si${}_2$
• Nematic Fluctuations in Iron-Oxychalcogenide Mott Insulators
• Nematic single-component superconductivity and loop-current order from pair-density wave instability
• Itinerant fermions on a triangular lattice: unconventional magnetism and other ordered states
• Electronic structure of the quadrupolar ordered heavy-fermion compound YbRu2Ge2 measured by angle-resolved photoemission
• Metallicity of Ca2Cu6P5 with Single and Double Copper-Pnictide Layers
• Persistent Magnetism in Silver-doped BaFe2As2 Crystals
• Intertwined superconductivity and orbital selectivity in a three-orbital Hubbard model for the iron pnictides
• Mn-induced magnetic symmetry breaking and its correlation with the metal-insulator transition in bilayered Sr3(Ru1-xMnx)2O7
• Tuning the structural and antiferromagnetic phase transitions in UCr${}_2$Si${}_2$: hydrostatic pressure and chemical substitution
• Interplay between nematic fluctuation and superconductivity in the two-orbital Hubbard model: A quantum Monte Carlo study
• The Hund's Superconductor Li(Fe,Co)As
• Coherence Length of Electronic Nematicity in Iron-Based Superconductors
• Microscopic origin of the nemato-elastic coupling and dynamics of hybridized collective nematic-phonon excitations
• Inverse melting and intertwined orders in PrCuSb${}_2$
• Absence of precursor incommensurate charge order in electronic nematic Ba0.35Sr0.65Ni2As2
• The antiferromagnetic and phonon-mediated model of the NaFeAs, LiFeAs and FeSe superconductors
• Multi-orbital quantum antiferromagnetism in iron pnictides --- effective spin couplings and quantum corrections to sublattice magnetization
• Charge Order Evolution of Superconducting BaNi2As2 Under High Pressure
• Studies of superconductivity of Fe chalcogenides in films grown by PLD technique
• Laser induced $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetry breaking in the fluctuations of electronic fluids
• Absence of nematic ordering transition in a diamond lattice: Application to $FeS{c}_2{S}_4$
• Magnetic field-induced momentum-dependent symmetry breaking in a kagome superconductor
• Absence of nematic instability in LiFeAs
• Strain-activated structural anisotropy in BaFe2As2
• Phase transition in CaFeAsH: bridging 1111 and 122 iron-based superconductors
• Nematic fluctuations mediated superconductivity revealed by anisotropic strain in Ba(Fe${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$)${}_2$As${}_2$
• Multiband effect in elastoresistance of Fe(Se,Te)
• Elasto-Raman scattering: arsenic optical phonon as a probe of nematicity in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Evidence of unconventional pairing in the quasi two-dimensional CuIr${}_2$Te${}_4$ superconductor
• Superconducting order parameter structure in the nematic phase of iron-based materials
• Superconductivity near a nematoelastic quantum critical point
• Quantitative relationship between structural orthorhombicity, shear modulus and heat capacity anomaly of the nematic transition in iron-based superconductors
• Nanoscale strain manipulation of smectic susceptibility in kagome superconductors
• Suppression of nematicity by tensile strain in multilayer FeSe/SrTiO${}_3$ films
• In-plane electronic anisotropy revealed by interlayer resistivity measurements on the iron-based superconductor parent compound CaFeAsF
• The influence of the structural transition on magnetic fluctuations in NaFeAs
• Electronic Phase Propagation Speed in BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$ Revealed by Dilatometry
• Magnetic form factor analysis on detwinned single crystal of BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Resonant x-ray scattering study of charge-density wave correlations in YBa${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{6+x}$ under uniaxial stress
• Strong correlation between $H$-linear magnetoresistance and strange metal in FeSe superconductor
• Edwards-Anderson parameter and local Ising-nematicity in FeSe revealed via NMR spectral broadening
• The influence of magnetic order on the magnetoresistance anisotropy of Fe${}_{1+\delta -x}$Cu${}_x$Te
• Origin of the Electronic Structure in Single-Layer FeSe/SrTiO3 Films
• Fragility of Topology under Electronic Correlations in Iron Chalcogenides
• Compatible Instability: Gauge Constraints of Elasticity Inherited by Electronic Nematic Criticality
• Effective field theory of an anomalous Hall metal from interband quantum fluctuations
• Atomic-scale imaging of electronic nematicity in ferropnictides
• Charge density waves and soft phonon evolution in the superconductor BaNi${}_2$(As${}_{1-x}$P${}_x$)${}_2$
• Development of microwave surface elastoresistivity measurement technique under tunable strain
• Magnetic excitations in the normal and nematic phases of iron pnictides
• Coarsening dynamics of Ising-nematic order in a frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet
• Quantum dynamics of frustrated Josephson junction arrays embedded in a transmission line: an effective XX spin chain with long-range interaction
• Theory of Quantum Phase Transition in Iron-based Superconductors with Half-Dirac Nodal Electron Fermi Surface
• Interplay of stripe and double-Q magnetism with superconductivity in ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{K}}_x{\mathrm{Fe}}_2{\mathrm{As}}_2$ under the influence of magnetic fields
• Interrupted orbital motion in density-wave systems
• Decoupling of Lattice and Orbital Degrees of Freedom in an Iron-Pnictide Superconductor
• The interactions between antiferromagnetism, tetrahedral sites and electron-phonon coupling in FeSe1-xTex and FeSe/SrTiO3
• Disordered non-Fermi liquid fixed point for two-dimensional metals at Ising-nematic quantum critical points
• Orbital selective order and ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ Potts nematicity from a non-Fermi liquid
• Investigation of in-plane anisotropy of c-axis magnetoresistance for BiCh2-based layered superconductor NdO0.7F0.3BiS2
• The Ba${}_{0.6}$K${}_{0.4}$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$ superconducting four-gap temperature evolution: a multi-band Chebyshev-BdG approach
• Acoustic lattice instabilities at the magneto-structural transition in Fe${}_{1.057(7)}$Te
• Measurements of nematic susceptibility with phase sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance in pulsed strain fields
• Effect of controlled point-like disorder induced by 2.5 MeV electron irradiation on nematic resistivity anisotropy of hole-doped (Ba,K)Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Magnetically-induced local lattice anomalies and low-frequency nematic fluctuations in the Mott insulator La${}_2$O${}_3$Fe${}_2$Se${}_2$
• Nodal superconducting gap in LiFeP revealed by NMR: contrast with LiFeAs
• Evolution of charge dynamics in FeSe${}_{1-x}$Te${}_x$: Effects of electronic correlations and nematicity
• Terahertz pulse-driven collective mode in the nematic superconducting state of Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Spin-dependent conductivity of iron-based superconductors in a magnetic field
• Anisotropic Electronic Mobilities in the Nematic State of the Parent Phase NaFeAs
• Probing superconductivity and pairing symmetry by coherent phonons in multiorbital superconductors
• Ubiquity of rotational symmetry breaking in superconducting films, from Fe(Te,Se)/Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$ to Nb, and the effect of measurement geometry
• Antiferromagnetic order and its interplay with superconductivity in CaK(Fe${}_{1-x}$Mn${}_x$)${}_4$As${}_4$
• A Convenient Sealing Method Using Boron Nitride Capping for Reactive Reactions
• The thermoelectric conversion efficiency problem: Insights from the electron gas thermodynamics close to a phase transition
• Magneto-orbital coupling in iron pnictides
• Piezostrain-induced in-plane anisotropy of superconducting transition temperature for FeSe0.5Te0.5 thin films
• Hund's coupling and electronic anisotropy in the spin-density wave state of iron pnictides
• Merohedral disorder and impurity impacts on superconductivity of fullerenes
• Resistivity anisotropy from the multiorbital Boltzmann equation in nematic FeSe
• Inverse Melting of an Electronic Liquid Crystal
• Evidence of diamagnetic fluctuations above Tc in BaFe2-xCoxAs2 single crystals
• Fate of a multiple-band Fermi liquid that is coupled with critical ${\varphi }^4$ bosons
• Emergent Ising degrees of freedom above double-stripe magnetism
• Plaquette-centered rotation symmetry and octet-nodal superconductivity in ${\text{KFe}}_2{\text{As}}_2$
• Feedback of non-local $d_{xy}$ nematicity on the magnetic anisotropy in FeSe
• Stripe Antiferromagnetic Ground-State Configuration of FeSe Revealed by Density Functional Theory
• Superconductivity near an Ising nematic quantum critical point in two dimensions
• Structural, Elastic, Electronic, Thermodynamic, and Optical Properties of Layered BaPd2As2 Pnictide Superconductor: a First Principles Investigation
• Vortices in a Ginzburg Landau Theory of Superconductors with Nematic Order
• Sub-spin-flop switching of a fully compensated antiferromagnet by magnetic field
• Fragile pressure-induced magnetism in FeSe superconductors with a thickness reduction
• Topological Semimetal KAlGe with Novel Electronic Instability
• Nesting instability of gapless U(1) spin liquids with spinon Fermi pockets in two dimensions
• Evolution from three-dimensional charge density wave to one-dimensional stripe order in CsV${}_{3-x}$Ti${}_x$Sb${}_5$
• Coexistence of stripe order and superconductivity in NaAlSi
• Current-induced superconducting anisotropy of Sr${}_2$RuO${}_4$
• Orbital-lattice coupling and orbital ordering instability in iron pnictides
• Reaching Quantum Critical Point by Adding Non-magnetic Disorder in Single Crystals of Superconductor $({\text{Ca}}_x{\text{Sr}}_{1-x}{)}_3{\text{Rh}}_4{\text{Sn}}_{13}$
• Nematicity in LaFeAsO single crystals studied by elastoresistance, high-resolution thermal expansion and shear-modulus measurements