Physical Properties of Wolf-Rayet Stars

Abstract

The striking broad emission line spectroscopic appearance of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars has long defied analysis, due to the extreme physical conditions within their line and continuum forming regions. Recently, model atmosphere studies have advanced sufficiently to enable the determination of stellar temperatures, luminosities, abundances, ionizing fluxes and wind properties. The observed distributions of nitrogen (WN) and carbon (WC) sequence WR stars in the Milky Way and in nearby star forming galaxies are discussed; these imply lower limits to progenitor masses of ~25, 40, 75 Msun for hydrogen-depleted (He-burning) WN, WC, and H-rich (H-burning) WN stars, respectively. WR stars in massive star binaries permit studies of wind-wind interactions and dust formation in WC systems. They also show that WR stars have typical masses of 10-25 Msun, extending up to 80 Msun for H-rich WN stars. Theoretical and observational evidence that WR winds depend on metallicity is presented, with implications for evolutionary models, ionizing fluxes, and the role of WR stars within the context of core-collapse supernovae and long-duration gamma ray bursts.

76 pages, 8 figures. Minor revision to "Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics" review article Volume 45 (2007) following editors comments. Version with full resolution figures is available from ftp://astro1.shef.ac.uk/pub/pac/AnnRev_revised.pdf

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• Stripped-envelope stars in different metallicity environments. II. Type I supernovae and compact remnants
• Do Wolf-Rayet stars have similar locations in hosts as type Ib/c supernovae and long gamma-ray bursts?
• On the nature of the prototype LBV AG Carinae II. Witnessing a massive star evolving close to the Eddington and bistability limits
• Physical Properties of II Zw 40's Super Star Cluster and Nebula: New Insights and Puzzles from UV Spectroscopy
• An updated stellar census of the Quintuplet cluster
• Star formation histories in mergers: The spatially resolved properties of the early-stage merger LIRGs IC 1623 and NGC 6090
• SN 2016coi (ASASSN-16fp): an energetic H-stripped core-collapse supernova from a massive stellar progenitor with large mass loss
• A local fading accelerator and the origin of TeV cosmic ray electrons
• The orbital motion of the Quintuplet cluster - a common origin for the Arches and Quintuplet clusters?
• The Formation of Rapidly Rotating Black Holes in High Mass X-ray Binaries
• Jets in Hydrogen-poor Super-luminous Supernovae: Constraints from a Comprehensive Analysis of Radio Observations
• Reddening, Distance, and Stellar Content of the Young Open Cluster Westerlund 2
• Compact Radio Sources within 30" of Sgr A*: Proper Motions, Stellar Winds and the Accretion Rate onto Sgr A*
• The final months of massive star evolution from the circumstellar environment around SN Ic 2020oi
• Nonconservative Mass Transfer in Massive Binaries and the Formation of Wolf-Rayet+O Binaries
• Stars and gas in the most metal-poor galaxies I: COS and MUSE observations of SBS 0335-052E
• Periodic signals from the Circinus region: two new cataclysmic variables and the ultraluminous X-ray source candidate GC X-1
• Optical Observations of the Type Ic Supernova 2007gr in NGC 1058 and Implications for the Properties of its Progenitor
• An environmental analysis of the Type Ib SN 2019yvr and the possible presence of an inflated binary companion
• Icy Exomoons Evidenced by Spallogenic Nuclides in Polluted White Dwarfs
• A Central Excess of Stripped-Envelope Supernovae within Disturbed Galaxies
• Nearby low-luminosity GRBs as the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays revisited
• Resolving Ionisation and Metallicity on Parsec Scales Across Mrk 71 with HST-WFC3
• Unlocking Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars with $\text{Gaia}$ DR2 II: Cluster and Association membership
• The red supergiants & Wolf-Rayet stars of NGC 604
• Astronomical Oxygen Isotopic Evidence for Supernova Enrichment of the Solar System Birth Environment by Propagating Star Formation
• Investigating the X-ray emission from the massive WR+O binary WR 22 using 3D hydrodynamical models
• Comparison of Theoretical Starburst Photoionisation Models for Optical Diagnostics
• Molecular gas at supernova local environments unveiled by EDGE
• Modelling Type Ic Supernovae with TARDIS: Hidden Helium in SN1994I?
• Evidence of Asymmetry in SN 2007rt, a Type IIn Supernova
• The evolution of the 3D shape of the broad-lined type Ic SN 2014ad
• New X-ray Detections of WNL Stars
• Disentangling the metallicity and star formation history of HII galaxies through tailor-made models
• The Shortest-period Wolf-Rayet binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Part of a high-order multiple system
• The planetary nebula Abell 48 and its [WN] nucleus
• Cosmic nucleosynthesis: a multi-messenger challenge
• Fundamental Parameters of four Massive Eclipsing Binaries in Westerlund 1
• OGLE-2014-SN-131: A long-rising Type Ibn supernova from a massive progenitor
• The Fundamental Parameters of Four Massive Eclipsing Binaries in Westerlund 1
• Dynamically inflated wind models of classical Wolf-Rayet stars
• Theoretical prediction of presupernova neutrinos and their detection
• Progenitors of Recombining Supernova Remnants
• No surviving stellar companion for Cassiopeia A
• A fast X-ray transient from a weak relativistic jet associated with a type Ic-BL supernova
• Line Luminosities of Galactic and Magellanic Cloud Wolf-Rayet stars
• Wolf-Rayet stars in M81: Detection and Characterization using GTC/OSIRIS spectra and HST/ACS images
• Stripped-Envelope Stars in Different Metallicity Environments I. Evolutionary Phases, Classification and Populations
• A UV census of the environments of stripped-envelope supernovae
• The broad-lined Type-Ic supernova SN 2022xxf with extraordinary two-humped light curves
• SN 2018gjx reveals that some SNe Ibn are SNe IIb exploding in dense circumstellar material
• Heating of blue compact dwarf galaxies: gas distribution and photoionization by stars in I Zw 18
• Long-term Evolution of Relativistic Unmagnetized Collisionless Shocks
• Identification of red supergiants in nearby galaxies with mid-IR photometry
• Spectrum and light curve of a supernova shock breakout through a thick Wolf-Rayet wind
• Imaging with HST the time evolution of Eta Carinae's colliding winds
• A Very Large Telescope imaging and spectroscopic survey of the Wolf-Rayet population in NGC 7793
• Radio synchrotron emission from secondary electrons in interaction-powered supernovae
• Supernovae and the Chirality of the Amino Acids
• Modelling the thermal X-ray emission around the Galactic Centre from colliding Wolf-Rayet winds
• Radiation-Hydrodynamics with MPI-AMRVAC: Flux-Limited Diffusion
• Convectively Driven Three Dimensional Turbulence in Massive Star Envelopes: I. A 1D Implementation of Diffusive Radiative Transport
• A hot and luminous source at the site of the fast transient AT2018cow at 2-3 years after its explosion
• Probing the circum-stellar medium 2.8 Gyr after the Big Bang: detection of Bowen fluorescence in the Sunburst arc
• On the optical counterpart of NGC300 X-1 and the global Wolf-Rayet content of NGC300
• Cluster and nebular properties of the central star-forming region of NGC 1140
• Near-infrared integral field spectroscopy of the Homunculus nebula around Eta Carinae using Gemini/CIRPASS
• An ALMA 3mm continuum census of Westerlund 1
• Further Results from the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey: Rapidly Rotating Late ON Giants
• Recovery and analysis of rest-frame UV emission lines in 2052 galaxies observed with MUSE at $1.5<z<6.4$
• Supernova explosions of massive stars and cosmic rays
• Stromlo Stellar Tracks: non-solar scaled abundances for massive stars
• On the origin of nitrogen at low metallicity
• Core-collapse supernova progenitor constraints using the spatial distributions of massive stars in local galaxies
• The interstellar medium and feedback in the progenitors of the compact passive galaxies at z~2
• SN 2005at - A neglected type Ic supernova at 10 Mpc
• Fermi-LAT upper limits on gamma-ray emission from colliding wind binaries
• Echo Emission From Dust Scattering and X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars: II. The northern WNE sequence
• XMM-Newton observations of a superbubble in N 158 in the LMC
• Two Wolf-Rayet stars at the heart of colliding-wind binary Apep
• Millisecond Magnetars
• The spectroscopic properties of the nebulae around seven Galactic and LMC Wolf-Rayet stars
• Inverse Compton Signatures of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
• CG X-1: an eclipsing Wolf-Rayet ULX in the Circinus galaxy
• Extreme isolation of WN3/O3 stars and implications for their evolutionary origin as the elusive stripped binaries
• Palomar/TripleSpec observations of {\it Spitzer}/MIPSGAL~24\mic\ circumstellar shells: unveiling the nature of their central sources
• ALMA Observations of Molecular Complexity in the Large Magellanic Cloud: The N105 Star-Forming Region
• Numerical simulations and infrared spectro-interferometry reveal the wind collision region in gamma2 Velorum
• Interaction between Cassiopeia A and Nearby Molecular Clouds
• The Vast Population of Wolf-Rayet and Red Supergiant Stars in M101: I. Motivation and First Results
• XMM-Newton view of the N 206 superbubble in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The dustiest Post-Main sequence stars in the Magellanic Clouds
• Discovery of a 6.4 h black hole binary in NGC 4490
• Collisionless Shocks and TeV Neutrinos before Supernova Shock Breakout from an Optically Thick Wind
• The Wolf-Rayet population of the nearby barred spiral galaxy NGC 5068 uncovered by VLT and Gemini
• LSQ13ddu: A rapidly-evolving stripped-envelope supernova with early circumstellar interaction signatures
• Massive Stars in the W33 Giant Molecular Complex
• Chandra Detects the Rare Oxygen-type Wolf-Rayet Star WR 142 and OB Stars in Berkeley 87
• Supernovae from massive stars
• Spectral softening in core-collapse supernova remnant expanding inside wind-blown bubble
• Cold Dust in Three Massive Evolved Stars in the LMC
• Scaling of the photon index vs mass accretion rate correlation and estimate of black hole mass in M101 ULX-1
• The aperiodic broad-band X-ray variability of Cygnus X-3
• NGC300 X-1 and IC10 X-1: a new breed of black hole binary?
• Carbon Abundances in Starburst Galaxies of the Local Universe
• The spin rates and spin evolution of the O components in WR+O binaries
• The Asteroseismic Imprints of Mass Transfer: A Case Study of a Binary Mass Gainer in the SPB Instability Strip
• On the stellar content of the starburst galaxy IC10
• $\gamma$ Columbae: the recently stripped, pulsating core of a massive star
• Phase-resolved XMM-Newton and swift observations of WR 25
• On the Spin of the Black Hole in IC 10 X-1
• Models of bright nickel-free supernovae from stripped massive stars with circumstellar shells
• First survey of Wolf-Rayet star populations over the full extension of nearby galaxies observed with CALIFA
• Investigation of the stellar content in the western part of the Carina nebula
• RAVE spectroscopy of luminous blue variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• SN 2020bqj: a Type Ibn supernova with a long lasting peak plateau
• Revealing Efficient Dust-Formation at Low Metallicity in Extragalactic Carbon-Rich Wolf-Rayet Binaries
• Detection of He++ ion in the star-forming ring of the Cartwheel using MUSE data and ionizing mechanisms
• GRB 110715A: The peculiar multiwavelength evolution of the first afterglow detected by ALMA
• A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars. III. The northern late-type nitrogen-rich sample
• On the Launching and Structure of Radiatively Driven Winds in Wolf-Rayet Stars
• An infrared ring around the magnetar SGR 1900+14
• SN 2018hti: a nearby superluminous supernova discovered in a metal-poor galaxy
• Radio Analysis of SN 2004C Reveals an Unusual CSM Density Profile as a Harbinger of Core Collapse
• Hints of gamma-ray orbital variability from gamma^2 Velorum
• X-ray flares from dense shells formed in gamma-ray burst explosions
• Gas-phase Fe/O and Fe/N abundances in Star-Forming Regions. Relations between nucleosynthesis, metallicity and dust
• The extreme colliding-wind system Apep: resolved imagery of the central binary and dust plume in the infrared
• Interstellar Ti II in the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds
• SN 2018ijp: the explosion of a stripped-envelope star within a dense H-rich shell?
• High-Mass X-ray Binaries: progenitors of double compact objects
• Search for transient optical counterparts to high-energy IceCube neutrinos with Pan-STARRS1
• Optical and near-infrared IFU spectroscopy of the nuclear region of the AGN-starburst galaxy NGC 7582
• Spectroscopic observations of progenitor activity 100 days before a Type Ibn supernova
• Spatially-resolved chemodynamics of the starburst dwarf galaxy CGCG 007-025: Evidence for recent accretion of metal-poor gas
• Characterizing Wolf-Rayet Stars in the Near and Mid Infrared
• Wolf-Rayet galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA. I. Catalog construction and sample properties
• Long Gamma Ray Bursts from binary black holes
• The Wolf-Rayet + Black Hole Binary NGC 300 X-1: What is the Mass of the Black Hole?
• The Wolf-Rayet binaries of the nitrogen sequence in the Large Magellanic Cloud: spectroscopy, orbital analysis, formation, and evolution
• The Prevalence and Impact of Wolf-Rayet Stars in Emerging Massive Star Clusters
• Steady-state nucleosynthesis throughout the Galaxy
• Search for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Outflows from Dust-Producing Wolf-Rayet Stars
• High Resolution LAsMA ${}^{12}$CO and ${}^{13}$CO Observation of the G305 Giant Molecular Cloud Complex : I. Feedback on the Molecular Gas
• The SPHERE view of Wolf-Rayet 104
• VLTI/AMBER unveils a possible dusty pinwheel nebula in WR118
• A radial velocity survey of the Carina Nebula's O-type stars
• Variable stars in young open star cluster NGC 7380
• On the ring nebulae around runaway Wolf-Rayet stars
• Toward a better understanding of supernova environments: a study of SNe 2004dg and 2012P in NGC 5806 with HST and MUSE
• Diffuse Thermal X-Ray Emission in the Core of the Young Massive Cluster Westerlund 1
• 3D Radiative Transfer in $\eta$ Carinae: Application of the SimpleX Algorithm to 3D SPH Simulations of Binary Colliding Winds
• The "Red Radio Ring": Ionised and Molecular Gas in a Starburst/Active Galactic Nucleus at $z\sim 2.55$
• AU-scale radio imaging of the wind collision region in the brightest and most luminous non-thermal colliding wind binary Apep
• On the bipolarity of Wolf-Rayet nebulae
• RINGO3 polarimetry of very young ZTF supernovae
• A cosmic formation site of silicon and sulphur revealed by a new type of supernova explosion
• Microphysics of Relativistic Collisionless Electron-ion-positron Shocks
• Helium and Nitrogen Enrichment in Massive Main Sequence Stars: Mechanisms and Implications for the Origin of WNL Stars
• Ultra-luminous X-ray sources as super-critical propellers
• Measuring Ambient Densities and Lorentz Factors of Gamma-Ray Bursts from GeV and Optical Observations
• An Emerging Wolf-Rayet Massive Star Cluster in NGC 4449
• On the Eddington limit and WR Stars
• Exploring the influence of different velocity fields on Wolf-Rayet star spectra
• Mapping Lyman Continuum escape in Tololo 1247-232
• Long-duration Gamma-ray Burst Progenitors and Magnetar Formation
• Near-Infrared Variability Study of the Central 2.3 arcmin x 2.3 arcmin of the Galactic Centre I. Catalog of Variable Sources
• Stellar populations and physical properties of starbursts in the Antennae galaxy from self-consistent modelling of MUSE spectra
• The Spatially Resolved Hα-Emitting Wind Structure of P Cygni
• Population I Wolf-Rayet Runaway Stars: the Case of WR124 and its Expanding Nebula M1-67
• Investigating episodic mass loss in evolved massive stars: I. Spectroscopy of dusty massive stars in ten southern galaxies
• On the existence of a luminosity threshold of GRB jets in massive stars
• Discovery of Twin Wolf-Rayet Stars Powering Double Ring Nebulae
• An XMM-Newton Study of the Bright, Nearby Supernova Remnant G296.1-0.5
• The rapid decay phase of the afterglow as the signature of the Blandford-Znajek mechanism
• A Metal-Free Galaxy at $z=3.19$? Evidence of Late Population III Star Formation at Cosmic Noon
• SN 2021adxl: A luminous nearby interacting supernova in an extremely low metallicity environment
• VALES VII: Molecular and ionized gas properties in pressure balanced interstellar medium of starburst galaxies at z ~ 0.15
• Leptonic non-thermal emission from supernova remnants evolving in the circumstellar magnetic field
• Chandra Observations of WR147 Reveal a Double X-ray Source
• The Inner 2 pc of Sagittarius A*: Simulations of the Circumnuclear Disk and Multiphase Gas Accretion in the Galactic Center
• Long uninterrupted photometric observations of the Wolf-Rayet star EZ CMa by the Toronto {\em{BRITE}} satellite reveal a very fast apsidal motion
• Exploring the Energy Sources Powering the Light Curve of the Type Ibn Supernova PS15dpn and the Mass-Loss History of the SN Progenitor
• The landscape of binary core-collapse supernova progenitors and the late emergence of Wolf-Rayet winds
• Investigating 39 Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars with VLTI/GRAVITY: Uncovering A Long Period Binary Desert
• Investigating the origin of the spectral line profiles of the Hot Wolf-Rayet Star WR2
• Mixing of materials in magnetised core-collapse supernova remnants
• Probing pre-supernova mass loss in double-peaked Type Ibc supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility
• The radial distribution of supernovae compared to star formation tracers
• A wind-blown bubble in the Central Molecular Zone cloud G0.253+0.016
• Mass and wind luminosity of young Galactic open clusters in Gaia DR2
• Revealing the nebular properties and Wolf-Rayet population of IC10 with Gemini/GMOS
• A Study of Wolf-Rayet stars Formed via Chemically Homogeneous Evolution
• The Wolf-Rayet Stellar Response To The Iron Opacity Bump: Envelope Inflation, Winds, and Microturbulence
• Are Wolf-Rayet stars able to pollute the interstellar medium of galaxies? Results from the integral field spectroscopy
• The Type Ibn Supernova 2019kbj -- Indications for Diversity in Type Ibn Supernova Progenitors
• Mechanical feedback from stellar winds with an application to galaxy formation at high redshift
• Accretion in a dynamical spacetime and spinning up of the black hole in the gamma ray burst central engine
• Characterizing the Rapid Hydrogen Disappearance in SN2022crv: Evidence of a Continuum between Type Ib and IIb Supernova Properties
• The hydrogen clock to infer the upper stellar mass
• The mass distribution of stars stripped in binaries: The effect of metallicity
• Revealing the Asymmetry of the Wind of the Variable Wolf-Rayet Star WR1 (HD4004) Through Spectropolarization
• The Exceptional X-ray Evolution of SN1996cr in High Resolution
• GalevNB: a conversion from N-BODY simulations to observations
• Extended supernova shock breakout signals from inflated stellar envelopes
• Wolf-Rayet galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA. II. Metallicity dependence of the high-mass slope of the stellar initial mass function
• Influence of Wolf-Rayet stars on surrounding star-forming molecular clouds
• SN 2019ewu: A Peculiar Supernova with Early Strong Carbon and Weak Oxygen Features from a New Sample of Young SN Ic Spectra
• High resolution LAsMA ${}^{12}$CO and ${}^{13}$CO observation of the G305 giant molecular cloud complex : II. Effect of feedback on clump properties
• Modeling the X-ray light curves of Cygnus X-3. Possible role of the jet
• Cold gas in hot star clusters: the wind from the red supergiant W26 in Westerlund 1
• Do Stellar Winds Prevent the Formation of Supermassive Stars by Accretion?
• Impact of stellar population synthesis choices on forward modelling-based redshift distribution estimates
• Spitzer/infrared spectrograph investigation of MIPSGAL 24 μm compact bubbles : Low resolution observations
• IRTF/TEXES Observations of the HII Regions H1 and H2 in the Galactic Centre
• Long-term soft and hard X-ray investigation of the colliding wind WN+O binary WR 25
• A Precursor Plateau and Pre-Maximum [O II] Emission in the Superluminous SN2019szu: A Pulsational Pair-Instability Candidate
• Galactic vs. Extragalactic Origin of the Peculiar Transient SCP 06F6
• A multi-wavelength search for intrinsic linear polarization in Wolf-Rayet winds
• Observational Constraints on Late-Time Radio Rebrightening of GRB-Supernovae
• The first transition Wolf-Rayet WN/C star in M31
• Herschel observations of the nebula M1-67 around the Wolf-Rayet star WR 124
• The Wolf-Rayet star population in the dwarf galaxy NGC 625
• Stagnant Shells in the Vicinity of the Dusty Wolf-Rayet-OB Binary WR 112
• The population synthesis of Wolf-Rayet stars involving binary merger channels
• An Apparent Precessing Helical Outflow from a Massive Evolved Star: Evidence for Binary Interaction
• Wolf-Rayet stars in the Antennae unveiled by MUSE
• The Signature of Refreshed Shocks in the of Afterglow of GRB030329
• New luminous blue variable candidates in the NGC 247 galaxy
• Applications of Machine-Learning Algorithms for Infrared Colour Selection of Galactic Wolf-Rayet Stars
• Do both black holes spin in merging binaries? Evidence from GWTC-4 and astrophysical implications
• New perspectives on the supernova remnant Puppis A based on a radio polarization study
• Herschel observations of dust around the high-mass X-ray binary GX 301-2
• Herschel-PACS Measurements of Nitrogen Enrichment in Nebulae around Wolf-Rayet Stars
• The radio and IR counterparts of the ring nebula around HD211564
• A Novel Model for the MeV Emission Line in GRB 221009A
• Onset of particle acceleration during the prompt phase in gamma-ray bursts as revealed by synchrotron emission in GRB160821A
• Exploring the Correlation between $\mathrm{H}\alpha$-to-UV Ratio and Burstiness for Typical Star-forming Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• From Dust to Nanodust: Resolving Circumstellar Dust from the Colliding-Wind Binary Wolf-Rayet (WR) 140
• Newly Discovered Wolf-Rayet Stars in M31
• Searching for Faint X-ray Emission from Galactic Stellar Wind Bow Shocks
• Contribution of young massive star clusters to Galactic diffuse $\gamma$-ray emission
• Megahertz emission of massive early-type stars in the Cygnus region
• BAT99 126: A multiple Wolf-Rayet system in the Large Magellanic Cloud with a massive near-contact binary
• Velocity evolution of broad-lined type-Ic supernovae with and without gamma-ray bursts
• Evidence for non-thermal X-ray emission from the double WR colliding-wind binary Apep
• Compact Objects in close orbits as Gravitational Wave Sources: Formation Scenarios and Properties
• Dynamics of Astrophysical Bubbles and Bubble-Driven Shocks: Basic Theory, Analytical Solutions and Observational Signatures
• Radio modelling of the brightest and most luminous non-thermal colliding-wind binary Apep
• A Mid-life crisis? Sudden Changes in Radio and X-Ray Emission from Supernova 1970G
• X-rays from wind-blown bubbles: an XMM-Newton detection of NGC 2359
• Metallicity Estimation of Core-Collapse Supernova HII Regions in Galaxies within 30 Mpc
• Quest for the upcoming periastron passage of an episodic dust maker and particle accelerating colliding wind binary: WR 125
• The formation and stability of a cold disc made out of stellar winds in the Galactic Centre
• Unveiling the nitrogen-rich massive star in the metal-poor galaxy NGC 4068
• Unveiling the molecular environment of the ring nebula RCW 78
• Ionizing stellar population in the disc of NGC 3310 - II. The Wolf-Rayet population
• A New Transition Wolf-Rayet WN/C Star in the Milky Way
• Investigation of the WR 11 field at decimeter wavelengths
• Hints about the multiplicity of WR 133 based on multiepoch radio observations
• HII Region Metallicity Constraints Near the Site of the Strongly Lensed Supernova "SN Refsdal" at Redshift 1.49
• A massive nebula around the Luminous Blue Variable star RMC143 revealed by ALMA
• X-ray emission of massive stars and their winds
• Stellar transits in active galactic nuclei
• Outflow-Driven Transients from the Birth of Binary Black Holes I: Tidally-Locked Secondary Supernovae
• Supernovae from rotating stars
• HSC16aayt: Slowly evolving interacting transient rising for more than 100 days
• A Sparkler in the Fireworks Galaxy: Discovery of an Ultraluminous X-ray Transient with a Strong Oxygen Line in NGC 6946
• The contribution by luminous blue variable stars to the dust content of the Magellanic Clouds
• On the Anti-Correlation between Duration and Redshift in Gamma-ray Bursts
• The carbon-rich type Ic supernova 2016adj in the iconic dust lane of Centaurus A: signatures of interaction with circumstellar hydrogen?
• Surface chemical composition of single WNh stars
• Two new Wolf-Rayet stars in the LMC
• Chandra X-ray Measurement of Gas-phase Heavy Element Abundances in the Central Parsec of the Galaxy
• Investigating the observational properties of Type Ib supernova SN 2017iro
• Progenitors of Long-Duration Gamma-ray Bursts
• Resolved galactic superwinds reconstructed around their host galaxies at z>3
• SCG0018-4854: a young and dynamic compact group I. Kinematical analysis
• Optical Synchrotron Precursors of Radio Hypernovae
• Nucleosynthesis from massive stars 50 years after B2FH
• Probing the rotational velocity of Galactic WO stars with spectropolarimetry
• A Speckle-Imaging Search for Close and Very Faint Companions to the Nearest and Brightest Wolf-Rayet Stars
• Dust Emission from Evolved and Unevolved HII Regions in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• An extensive spectroscopic time series of three Wolf-Rayet stars -- II. A search for wind asymmetries in the dust-forming WC7 binary WR137
• Probing gamma-ray bursts observed at very high energies through their afterglow
• X-rays from the colliding wind binary WR 146
• Mass loss and magnetospheres of massive stars
• Outflow-Driven Transients from the Birth of Binary Black Holes II: Primary-Induced Accretion Transients
• Long Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies and their Environments
• Monitoring broad emission-line components in spectra of the two low-metallicity dwarf compact star-forming galaxies SBS 1420+540 and J1444+4840
• Ultraviolet extinction properties of the 30 Dor Nebula and interpreting observations of starburst clusters
• GS100-02-41: a new large HI shell in the outer part of the Galaxy
• Surface abundances of OC supergiants
• Close binary evolution based on Gaia DR2: the origin of late WC-type Wolf-Rayet stars with low luminosity
• He II Emission from Wolf-Rayet Stars as a Tool for Measuring Dust Reddening
• UM462, a local green pea galaxy analogue under the MUSE magnifying glass
• Decade-long time-monitoring of candidate Luminous Blue Variable Stars in the two very metal-deficient compact dwarf galaxies DDO 68 and PHL 293B
• Dust in RCW 58: clues to common envelope channel formation?
• Escape of cosmic rays from perpendicular shocks in the circumstellar magnetic field
• The infrared and molecular environment surrounding the Wolf-Rayet star WR130
• Black hole mass function shift in proto-stellar-clusters driven by gas accretion
• The JWST-NIRCam View of Sagittarius C. II. Evidence for Magnetically Dominated HII Regions in the CMZ
• Candidate Young Stellar Objects in the S-cluster: The Kinematic Analysis of a Sub-population of the Low-mass G-objects close to Sgr A*
• Properties of massive stars in four clusters of the VVV survey
• 3D mapping of the Wolf-Rayet nebula M1-67: clues for post-common envelope evolution in massive stars
• Helium-Star Models with Optically Thick Winds: Implications for the Internal Structures and Mass-Loss Rates of Wolf-Rayet Stars
• Hydrogen-free Wolf-Rayet stars: Helium stars with envelope-inflation structure and rotation
• The Physical Properties of Red Supergiants: Comparing Theory and Observations
• Massive stars in the young cluster VVV CL074
• Diffusive photospheres in gamma-ray bursts
• Infrared Observations of the Quintuplet Proper Members using SOFIA/FORCAST and Gemini/TReCS
• The nebular phase of SN 2024ggi: a low-mass progenitor with no signs of interaction
• Infrared Excess of a Large OB Star Sample
• X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive Stars at Low Metallicity X. Physical Parameters and Feedback of Massive Stars in the LMC N11 B Star-Forming Region
• Progenitor constraints for core-collapse supernovae from Chandra X-ray observations
• Multiple variability time-scales of the early nitrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet star WR7
• A Radio Pinwheel Emanating from WR147
• The Multiband Emission of the two-component Gamma-Ray Burst jet influenced by progenitor winds within the Accretion Disk of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Core-collapse Supernovae and Gamma-ray Bursts in TMT Era
• Asymmetrical nebula of the M33 variable GR290 (WR/LBV)
• Carbon monoxide in the environs of the star WR 16
• Exploring GRBs and supernovae connection: does a superluminous hypernova population exist?
• Gravo-thermal catastrophe in gravitational collapse and energy progenitor of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• X-rays from the oxygen-type Wolf-Rayet binary WR30a
• Looking for nebular He II emission south of the multiple-massive star system, HD 5980
• The non-thermal emission from the colliding-wind binary Apep
• Unraveling the nature of a deeply embedded Wolf-Rayet star WR 121a
• The Emission and Suppression of Line Features in Luminous Transients
• Probing Massive Stars Around Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitors
• Wolf-Rayet -- compact object binaries as progenitors of binary compact objects
• Addressing the [O III]/H\b{eta} Offset of Dwarf Galaxies in the RESOLVE Survey
• Mass loss of massive helium star supernova progenitors shortly before explosion constrained by supernova radio properties
• Discovery of a Wolf-Rayet Star Through Detection of its Photometric Variability
• Constraints on Clumps in the Representative Wind of the WN8 Wolf-Rayet star HD96548 = WR40 with Simultaneous Broadband Light and Linear-Polarisation Variability
• A Physical Model of Delayed Rebrightenings in Shock-interacting Supernovae without Narrow Line Emission
• X-ray observations of eight young open star clusters : I. Membership and X-ray Luminosity
• New insights into the WR nebula M1-67 with SITELLE
• A meeting at z~3: Young massive galaxies and an AGN within 30kpc of the luminous QSO LBQS0302-0019
• Search for new Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars using Gaia DR3. I. Candidate selection and the follow-up of the bright sample
• NANTEN 12CO (J=1-0) observations around the star WR 55
• Chandra X-ray Measurement of Heavy Element Abundances of Wolf-Rayet Stars in the Galactic Center
• A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18
• GSH 91.5+2-114: A large HI shell in the outer part of the Galaxy
• Chemical Evolution in Nuclear Stellar Discs
• Evolutionary Map of the Universe: Detection and Analysis of the Shell Surrounding the Runaway Wolf-Rayet Star WR16
• Evolution of stars with 60 and 200 Msun: predictions for WNh stars in the Milky Way
• Investigation of [KSF2015] 1381-19L, a WC9-type star in the high extinction Galactic region
• Accreting Black Holes Skewing and Bending the Optical Emission from Massive Wolf-Rayet Companions -- A Case Study of IC10 X-1
• Stellar spots cause measurable variations in atmospheric metallicity
• Dynamically consistent analysis of Galactic WN4b stars
• The hydrogen-free circumstellar interaction in the Type Ib supernova 2021efd: A clue to the mechanism of the helium-layer stripping
• Type Ib/c Supernovae with and without Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Structure formation in O-type stars and Wolf-Rayet stars
• Near-Eddington mass loss of hydrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet stars
• MARTA: The connection between chemical enrichment, feedback, and dust in a Wolf-Rayet galaxy at z$\sim$2
• Compact stellar systems hosting an intermediate mass black hole: magnetohydrodynamic study of inflow-outflow dynamics
• Radio study of the colliding wind binary HD93129A near periastron and its surroundings
• The emission-line regions in the nucleus of NGC 1313 probed with GMOS-IFU: a supergiant/hypergiant candidate and a kinematically cold nucleus
• Chemical enrichment by collapsars as the origin of the unusually high [Ba/Fe] in a massive star cluster of the dwarf galaxy NGC 1569
• Massive Star Clusters as sources of high-energy gamma radiation
• The significant contribution of supersoft X-ray Sources to the nebular HeII line emission
• Discovery of a 310-day Period from the Enshrouded Massive System NaSt1 (WR 122)
• SN 2024abvb: A Type Icn Supernova in the Outskirts of its Host Galaxy
• Three-dimensional GRMHD simulations of jet formation and propagation in self-gravitating collapsing stars
• Dense gas linked to star-forming regions photoionised by embedded gamma-ray bursts
• Adiabatic Mass Loss In Binary Stars. VI. Massive Helium Binary Stars
• On the orbital variability of gamma-ray emission in ${\gamma }^2$ Velorum
• The feedback of massive stars on interstellar astrochemical processes
• A study on late time UV-emission in core collapse supernovae and the implications for the peculiar transient AT2018cow
• The Stripped-Star Ultraviolet Magellanic Cloud Survey (SUMS): The UV Photometric Catalog and Stripped Star Candidate Selection
• Limits on the non-thermal emission of the WR-WR system Apep
• Tidal phenomena in the Galactic Center: The curious case of X7
• Revisiting the orbital motion of WR 138
• WR 63: A multiple system (O+O)+WR ?
• Decoupled Sectors and Wolf-Rayet Galaxies
• Planetary nebulae with Wolf-Rayet-type central stars -- III. A detailed view of NGC 6905 and its central star
• The detectability of Wolf-Rayet Stars in M33-ike spirals up to 30 Mpc
• GRB160203A: an exploration of lumpy space
• Massive stars in the nuclei and arms of spirals
• Testing Evolutionary Models with Red Supergiant and Wolf-Rayet Populations
• Massive Stars as Cosmic Engines through the Ages
• Tentative insight into the multiplicity of the persistent dust maker WR106 from X-ray observations
• Environments of massive stars and the upper mass limit
• The heart of NGC 5253 as seen with MUSE-NFM: nitrogen enrichment through stellar chemical feedback at parsec scales
• Tracing nitrogen enrichment across cosmic time with JWST
• The Properties of Early-type Stars in the Magellanic Clouds
• Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and TARDIS Models of the Broad-lined Type-Ic Supernova 2014ad
• New mass estimates for massive binary systems: a probabilistic approach using polarimetric radiative transfer
• Godzilla, a monster lurks in the Sunburst galaxy
• Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients and Type Ibn/Icn SNe from Wolf-Rayet/Black Hole Mergers
• Kinematics and Feedback in H II regions in the Dwarf Starburst Galaxy IC 10
• Accretion in massive colliding wind binaries and the effect of wind momentum ratio
• Mixing of CNO-cycled matter in massive stars
• Multiwavelength view of massive binaries
• Stellar associations powering HII regions $\unicode{x2013}$ II. Escape fraction of ionizing photons
• The peculiar nebula Simeis 57: II. Distance, nature and excitation
• Searching for Wolf-Rayet Stars in M101
• Revisiting the Evolutionary Status of Massive Stars at the central parsec of the Milky Way
• The locations of SNe Ib/c and their comparison to those of WR stars and GRBs
• Constraining properties of dust formed in Wolf-Rayet binary WR 112 using mid-infrared and millimeter observations
• Radio Supernovae
• Evolution of Massive Main-sequence Stars in Rapid Population Synthesis. I. Framework and Implementation
• Formation of black holes from He stars
• Late-time evolution of the interacting stripped-envelope supernova 2017dio
• Direct Detection of Type II-P Supernova Progenitors with the $\text{Euclid}$ and CSST Surveys
• The effect of near-core mixing on rejuvenation and the asteroseismic properties of massive accretors
• Quantifying Systematic Age Discrepancies in Very Young Star Clusters
• Declining metallicity and extended HeII in the outflow of an epoch of reionization analogue galaxy
• Modelling the thermal X-ray emission around the Galactic centre from colliding Wolf-Rayet winds
• A Survey for hot Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae I. Methods and First Results
• LAMOST J040901.83+329355.6 -- a new Galactic star with Wolf--Rayet characteristics on a post-AGB to CSPN transitional stage
• GRBs as Probes of Massive Stars Near and Far
• Evolution and chemical and dynamical effects of high-mass stars
• Nebular abundance gradient in the Cartwheel galaxy using MUSE data