Spectral softening in core-collapse supernova remnant expanding inside wind-blown bubble

Abstract

Context. Galactic cosmic rays are widely assumed to arise from diffusive shock acceleration, specifically at shocks in supernova remnants (SNRs). These shocks expand in a complex environment, particularly in the core-collapse scenario as these SNRs evolve inside the wind-blown bubbles created by their progenitor stars. The cosmic rays (CRs) at core-collapse SNRs may carry spectral signatures of that complexity. Aims. We study particle acceleration in the core-collapse SNR of a progenitor with initial mass 60 $M_{\odot }$ and realistic stellar evolution. The SNR shock interacts with discontinuities inside the wind-blown bubble and generates several transmitted and reflected shocks. We analyse their impact on particle spectra and the resulting emission from the remnant. Methods. The hydrodynamic equations for the evolution of SNR inside the pre-supernova circumstellar medium have been solved simultaneously with the transport equation for cosmic rays in test-particle approximation and with the induction equation for the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in 1-D spherical symmetry. Results. The evolution of core-collapse SNRs inside complex wind-blown bubbles modifies the spectra of both the particles and their emission. We have found softer particle spectra with spectral indices close to 2.5 during shock propagation inside the shocked wind, and this softness persists at later evolutionary stages. Further, our calculated total production spectrum released into the interstellar medium demonstrates spectral consistency at high energy with the galactic CRs injection spectrum, required in propagation models. The magnetic field structure effectively influences the emission morphology of SNR as it governs the transportation of particles and the synchrotron emissivity.

arXiv comment14 pages, 13 figures, Accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics

References in corpus (56)

• PLUTO: a Numerical Code for Computational Astrophysics
• Cosmic-ray propagation and interactions in the Galaxy
• Physical Properties of Wolf-Rayet Stars
• Diffuse continuum gamma rays from the Galaxy
• The Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays
• Primary particle acceleration above 100 TeV in the shell-type Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946 with deep H.E.S.S. observations
• Galactic Cosmic Rays from Supernova Remnants: II Shock Acceleration of Gas and Dust
• On the spectrum of high-energy cosmic rays produced by supernova remnants in the presence of strong cosmic-ray streaming instability and wave dissipation
• On the role of injection in kinetic approaches to nonlinear particle acceleration at non-relativistic shock waves
• Discovery of TeV Gamma Ray Emission from Tycho's Supernova Remnant
• Limits on diffusive shock acceleration in supernova remnants in the presence of cosmic-ray streaming instability and wave dissipation
• Fermi-LAT discovery of GeV gamma-ray emission from the young supernova remnant Cassiopeia A
• First detection of VHE gamma-rays from SN 1006 by H.E.S.S
• The Evolution of Supernovae in Circumstellar Wind-Blown Bubbles I. Introduction and One-Dimensional Calculations
• The evolution of massive stars and their spectra I. A non-rotating 60 Msun star from the zero-age main sequence to the pre-supernova stage
• Observation of Extended VHE Emission from the Supernova Remnant IC 443 with VERITAS
• The role of cosmic ray pressure in accelerating galactic outflows
• The Evolution of Supernovae in Circumstellar Wind Bubbles II: Case of a Wolf-Rayet star
• A Particle Module for the PLUTO code: II - Hybrid Framework for Modeling Non-thermal emission from Relativistic Magnetized flows
• Mechanism for spectral break in cosmic ray proton spectrum from Supernova remnant W44
• Kinetic Simulations of Cosmic-Ray-Modified Shocks II: Particle Spectra
• Nonlinear Particle Acceleration at Reverse Shocks in Supernova Remnants
• Exploring particle escape in supernova remnants through gamma rays
• The Supernova Progenitor Mass Distributions of M31 and M33: Further Evidence for an Upper Mass Limit
• The Supernova Remnant W44: confirmations and challenges for cosmic-ray acceleration
• Particle Spectra from Acceleration at Forward and Reverse Shocks of Young Type Ia Supernova Remnants
• Plasma instabilities as a result of charge exchange in the downstream region of supernova remnant shocks
• Shape and evolution of wind-blown bubbles of massive stars: on the effect of the interstellar magnetic field
• The supernova remnant W44: a case of cosmic-Ray reacceleration
• Diffusive Shock Acceleration in Test-Particle Regime
• On the radio spectra of supernova remnants
• Simulation of the growth of the 3D Rayleigh-Taylor instability in Supernova Remnants using an expanding reference frame
• Time-Dependent Escape of Cosmic Rays from Supernova Remnants, and their Interaction with Dense Media
• Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from post-adiabatic Supernova remnants
• Nonthermal radiation of young supernova remnants: the case of Cas A
• Acceleration of cosmic rays by young core-collapse supernova remnants
• "Ears" formation in Supernova Remnants: Overhearing an interaction history with bipolar circumstellar structures
• Time-dependent particle acceleration in supernova remnants in different environments
• Effects of Neutral Particles on Modified Shocks at Supernova Remnants
• Transport of magnetic turbulence in Supernova remnants
• Wind nebulae and supernova remnants of very massive stars
• Large-Scale Periodic Variability of the Wind of the Wolf-Rayet Star WR1 (HD 4004)
• Direct Numerical Simulations of Cosmic-ray Acceleration at Dense Circumstellar Medium: Magnetic Field Amplification by Bell Instability and Maximum Energy
• Reacceleration of electrons in supernova remnants
• Non-thermal radio supernova remnants of exiled Wolf-Rayet stars
• Analysis of GeV-band gamma-ray emission from SNR RX J1713.7-3946
• Modeling of the spatially resolved non-thermal emission from the Vela Jr. supernova remnant
• Excess GeV radiation and cosmic ray origin
• High-energy gamma-ray study of the dynamically young SNR G150.3+4.5
• Particle acceleration at colliding shock waves
• SNR G39.2-0.3, an Hadronic Cosmic Rays Accelerator
• Mapping the spectral index of Cas A: evidence for flattening from radio to infrared
• The origin of non-thermal X-ray filaments and TeV emission in young SNRs
• Production of secondary particles in heavy nuclei interactions in supernova remnants
• Stochastic re-acceleration and magnetic-field damping in Tycho's supernova remnant
• Simulations of Magnetised Stellar-Wind Bubbles

Cited by in corpus (13)

• Massive star cluster origin for the galactic cosmic ray population at very-high energies
• Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to spectral signatures of hadronic PeVatrons with application to Galactic Supernova Remnants
• The sculpting of rectangular and jet-like morphologies in supernova remnants by anisotropic equatorially-confined progenitor stellar winds
• Rectangular core-collapse supernova remnants: application to Puppis A
• Mixing of materials in magnetised core-collapse supernova remnants
• SRG/eROSITA and XMM-Newton observations of Vela Jr
• Core-collapse supernova inside the core of a young massive star cluster: 3D MHD simulations
• Particle acceleration, escape and non-thermal emission from core-collapse supernovae inside non-identical wind-blown bubbles
• Long-term evolution of non-thermal emission from Type Ia and core-collapse supernova remnants in a diversified circumstellar medium
• ATCA Study of Small Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant 1E 0102.2-7219
• The population of Galactic supernova remnants in the TeV range
• Limits on compression of cosmic rays in supernova remnants
• Supernova remnants in super bubbles as cosmic ray accelerators