Shape and evolution of wind-blown bubbles of massive stars: on the effect of the interstellar magnetic field

Abstract

The winds of massive stars create large (>10 pc) bubbles around their progenitors. As these bubbles expand they encounter the interstellar coherent magnetic field which, depending on its strength, can influence the shape of the bubble. We wish to investigate if, and how much, the interstellar magnetic field can contribute to the shape of an expanding circumstellar bubble around a massive star. We use the MPI-AMRVAC code to make magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of bubbles, using a single star model, combined with several different field strengths: B = 5, 10, and 20 muG for the interstellar magnetic field. This covers the typical field strengths of the interstellar magnetic fields found in the galactic disk and bulge. Furthermore, we present two simulations that include both a 5 muG interstellar magnetic field and a 10,000 K interstellar medium and two different ISM densities to demonstrate how the magnetic field can combine with other external factors to influence the morphology of the circumstellar bubbles. Our results show that low magnetic fields, as found in the galactic disk, inhibit the growth of the circumstellar bubbles in the direction perpendicular to the field. As a result, the bubbles become ovoid, rather than spherical. Strong interstellar fields, such as observed for the galactic bulge, can completely stop the expansion of the bubble in the direction perpendicular to the field, leading to the formation of a tube-like bubble. When combined with a warm, high-density ISM the bubble is greatly reduced in size, causing a dramatic change in the evolution of temporary features inside the bubble. The magnetic field of the interstellar medium can affect the shape of circumstellar bubbles. This effect may have consequences for the shape and evolution of circumstellar nebulae and supernova remnants, which are formed within the main wind-blown bubble.

Proposed for acceptance for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. The published version will contain animations of each simulation

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• On the bipolarity of Wolf-Rayet nebulae
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• Mixing of materials in magnetised core-collapse supernova remnants
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• Towards an understanding of long gamma-ray burst environments through circumstellar medium population synthesis predictions
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• How does the stellar wind influence the radio morphology of a supernova remnant?
• Dust Grain Growth & Dusty Supernovae in Low-Metallicity Molecular Clouds
• Simulations of Magnetised Stellar-Wind Bubbles
• X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Emission from Middle-aged Supernova Remnants in Cavities. I. Spherical Symmetry
• Magnetic field strength in an intermediate-velocity ionized filament in the First Galactic Quadrant
• Evolutionary models for the Very Massive Stars in the R136 cluster of 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Discovery of an optical cocoon tail behind the runaway HD 185806
• Three generations of stars: a possible case of triggered star formation