An Observational Determination of the Bolometric Quasar Luminosity Function

Abstract

We combine a large set of quasar luminosity function (QLF) measurements from the rest-frame optical, soft and hard X-ray, and near- and mid-infrared bands to determine the bolometric QLF in the redshift interval z=0-6. Accounting for the observed distributions of quasar column densities and variation of spectral energy distribution (SED) shapes, and their dependence on luminosity, makes it possible to integrate the observations in a reliable manner and provides a baseline in redshift and luminosity larger than that of any individual survey. We infer the QLF break luminosity and faint-end slope out to z~4.5 and confirm at high significance (>10sigma) previous claims of a flattening in both the faint- and bright-end slopes with redshift. With the best-fit estimates of the column density distribution and quasar SED, which both depend on luminosity, a single bolometric QLF self-consistently reproduces the observed QLFs in all bands and at all redshifts for which we compile measurements. Ignoring this luminosity dependence does not yield a self-consistent bolometric QLF and there is no evidence for any additional dependence on redshift. We calculate the expected relic black hole mass function and mass density, cosmic X-ray background, and ionization rate as a function of redshift and find they are consistent with existing measurements. The peak in the total quasar luminosity density is well-constrained at z=2.15+/-0.05. We provide a number of fitting functions to the bolometric QLF and its manifestations in various bands, and a script to return the QLF at arbitrary frequency and redshift from these fits, as the most simple inferences from the QLF measured in a single band can be misleading.

24 pages, 11 figures. Submitted to ApJ. A routine to return the QLF from the fits herein is available at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~phopkins/Site/qlf.html

References in corpus (11)

• Observational constraints on Cosmic Reionization
• The X-ray-to-Optical Properties of Optically-Selected Active Galaxies Over Wide Luminosity and Redshift Ranges
• X-ray spectral properties of AGN in the Chandra Deep Field South
• Fueling Low-Level AGN Activity Through the Stochastic Accretion of Cold Gas
• Signals from the Noise: Image Stacking for Quasars in the FIRST Survey
• Probing the Evolution of IR Properties of z~6 Quasars: Spitzer Observations
• Chandra Observations of the Highest Redshift Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• A Spectroscopic Survey of Faint Quasars in the SDSS Deep Stripe: I. Preliminary Results from the Co-added Catalog
• The Discovery of Three New z>5 Quasars in the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey
• Spectral Statistics and Local Luminosity Function of a Hard X-ray Complete Sample of Brightest AGNs
• On the fraction of X-ray obscured quasars in the local universe

Cited by in corpus (389)

• Cosmic Star Formation History
• A Cosmological Framework for the Co-Evolution of Quasars, Supermassive Black Holes, and Elliptical Galaxies: I. Galaxy Mergers & Quasar Activity
• The Co-Evolution of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Insights from Surveys of the Contemporary Universe
• A unified model for AGN feedback in cosmological simulations of structure formation
• A New Calculation of the Ionizing Background Spectrum and the Effects of HeII Reionization
• Active Galactic Nuclei: what's in a name?
• The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
• Can environmental effects spoil precision gravitational-wave astrophysics?
• Direct cosmological simulations of the growth of black holes and galaxies
• Biases in Virial Black Hole Masses: An SDSS Perspective
• Piecing Together the X-ray Background: Bolometric Corrections for Active Galactic Nuclei
• Multi-Wavelength Constraints on the Cosmic Star Formation History from Spectroscopy: the Rest-Frame UV, H-alpha, and Infrared Luminosity Functions at Redshifts 1.9<z<3.4
• A Cosmological Framework for the Co-Evolution of Quasars, Supermassive Black Holes, and Elliptical Galaxies: II. Formation of Red Ellipticals
• Candidate Electromagnetic Counterpart to the Binary Black Hole Merger Gravitational Wave Event S190521g
• Absorption Properties and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Rapidly-Evolving and Luminous Transients from Pan-STARRS1
• Multiwavelength study of massive galaxies at z~2. II. Widespread Compton thick AGN and the concurrent growth of black holes and bulges
• Cosmic X-ray Surveys of Distant Active Galaxies: The Demographics, Physics, and Ecology of Growing Supermassive Black Holes
• Conditions for Reionizing the Universe with A Low Galaxy Ionizing Photon Escape Fraction
• The evolution of massive black hole seeds
• The Population of Viscosity- and Gravitational Wave-Driven Supermassive Black Hole Binaries Among Luminous AGN
• A synthesis model for AGN evolution: supermassive black holes growth and feedback modes
• Formation of z ~ 6 quasars from hierarchical galaxy mergers
• The Evolution of Black Hole Mass and Spin in Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Luminosity Function of X-ray Selected Active Galactic Nuclei: Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes at High Redshift
• Evidence for Quasar Activity Triggered by Galaxy Mergers in HST Observations of Dust-reddened Quasars
• The first ultraviolet quasar stacked spectrum at z=2.4 from WFC3
• HeII Reionization and its Effect on the IGM
• Quasar Quartet Embedded in Giant Nebula Reveals Rare Massive Structure in Distant Universe
• Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: II. 'Cusp' Ellipticals
• Evolution of the Intergalactic Opacity: Implications for the Ionizing Background, Cosmic Star Formation, and Quasar Activity
• A Direct Precision Measurement of the Intergalactic Lyman-alpha Opacity at 2<z<4.2
• Measuring the kinetic power of AGN in the radio mode
• Think Outside the Color Box: Probabilistic Target Selection and the SDSS-XDQSO Quasar Targeting Catalog
• Growth and activity of black holes in galaxy mergers with varying mass ratios
• Submillimetre galaxies in a hierarchical universe: number counts, redshift distribution, and implications for the IMF
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Technical Overview
• The faint radio sky: radio astronomy becomes mainstream
• A Survey of z~6 Quasars in the SDSS Deep Stripe: I. a Flux-Limited Sample at z_{AB}<21
• A refined sub-grid model for black hole accretion and AGN feedback in large cosmological simulations
• The Evolution of the IR Luminosity Function and Dust-obscured Star Formation in the Last 13 Billion Years
• Cosmic Reionization On Computers I. Design and Calibration of Simulations
• A Theoretical Interpretation of the Black Hole Fundamental Plane
• High-redshift AGN in the Chandra Deep Fields: the obscured fraction and space density of the sub-$L_{\ast }$ population
• Quasars Are Not Light-Bulbs: Testing Models of Quasar Lifetimes with the Observed Eddington Ratio Distribution
• Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: I. Gas-Rich Merger Remnants
• Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: III. 'Core' Ellipticals and 'Missing' Light
• The VVDS type-1 AGN sample: The faint end of the luminosity function
• The ASTRID simulation: the evolution of Supermassive Black Holes
• Science with a lunar low-frequency array: from the dark ages of the Universe to nearby exoplanets
• On the variability of quasars: a link between Eddington ratio and optical variability?
• A large population of mid-infrared selected, obscured active galaxies in the Bootes field
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: Source catalogue and properties
• Modeling the cosmological co-evolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies: I. BH scaling relations and the AGN luminosity function
• How to distinguish starbursts and quiescently star-forming galaxies: The `bimodal' submillimetre galaxy population as a case study
• Should we believe the results of UV-mm galaxy SED modelling?
• Predicting the Cosmological Constant from the Causal Entropic Principle
• Optical variability of AGN in the PTF/iPTF survey
• The cosmic evolution of radio-AGN feedback to z=1
• Quasars Probing Quasars VII. The Pinnacle of the Cool Circumgalactic Medium Surrounds Massive z~2 Galaxies
• Quasar Proximity Zones and Patchy Reionization
• Detailed Shape and Evolutionary Behavior of the X-ray Luminosity Function of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Revisiting the relationship between 6 μm and 2-10 keV continuum luminosities of AGN
• The ultra-dense, interacting environment of a dual AGN at z $\sim$ 3.3 revealed by JWST/NIRSpec IFS
• The cosmic growth of the active black hole population at 1<z<2 in zCOSMOS, VVDS and SDSS
• An uncontaminated measurement of the escaping Lyman continuum at $z\sim 3$
• The Subaru high-z quasar survey: discovery of faint z~6 quasars
• The Co-Formation of Spheroids and Quasars Traced in their Clustering
• The Photon Underproduction Crisis
• New Insights on the QSO Radio-Loud/Radio-Quiet Dichotomy: SDSS Spectra in the Context of the 4D Eigenvector1 Parameter Space
• The cosmological properties of AGN in the XMM-Newton Hard Bright Survey
• The Complete Infrared View of Active Galactic Nuclei from the 70-month Swift/BAT Catalog
• VLT/ISAAC Spectra of the Hbeta Region in Intermediate-Redshift Quasars III. Hbeta Broad Line Profile Analysis and Inferences about BLR Structure
• The Chandra COSMOS legacy survey: Energy Spectrum of the Cosmic X-ray Background and constraints on undetected populations
• Luminosity Function from dedicated SDSS-III and MMT data of quasars in 0.7<z<4.0 selected with a new approach
• An unbiased measurement of the UV background and its evolution via the proximity effect in quasar spectra
• Galaxy Evolution in the Radio Band: The Role of Starforming Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei
• The XMM-Newton Serendipitous Survey. VI. The X-ray Luminosity Function
• The low-end of the black hole mass function at cosmic dawn
• Observational Constraints on the Dependence of Radio-Quiet Quasar X-ray Emission on Black Hole Mass and Accretion Rate
• The MOSDEF survey: AGN multi-wavelength identification, selection biases and host galaxy properties
• Radio galaxies of the local universe: all-sky catalog, luminosity functions, and clustering
• The Role of Galactic Winds on Molecular Gas Emission from Galaxy Mergers
• Supermassive Black Holes in the Hierarchical Universe: A General Framework and Observational Tests
• High-resolution VLA Imaging of SDSS Stripe 82 at 1.4 GHz
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search. III. Constraints on Dark Energy from the Third Data Release Quasar Lens Catalog
• The History and Morphology of Helium Reionization
• Compton Thick AGN in the XMM-COSMOS survey
• Relative Role of Stars and Quasars in Cosmic Reionization
• The XMM-Newton Serendipitous Survey V. Optical identification of the XMM-Newton Medium sensitivity Survey (XMS)
• Black-Hole Growth is Mainly Linked to Host-Galaxy Stellar Mass rather than Star Formation Rate
• Black Hole -- Galaxy Correlations in Simba
• A Flat Photoionization Rate at 2<z<4.2: Evidence for a Stellar-Dominated UV Background and Against a Decline of Cosmic Star Formation Beyond z~3
• Is there an upper limit to black hole masses?
• X-ray bubbles in the circumgalactic medium of TNG50 Milky Way- and M31-like galaxies: signposts of supermassive black hole activity
• Sizes and Kinematics of Extended Narrow-Line Regions in Luminous Obscured AGN Selected by Broadband Images
• Triggering Active Galactic Nuclei in Hierarchical Galaxy Formation: Disk instability vs. Interactions
• Evolution in the Black Hole - Galaxy Scaling Relations and the Duty Cycle of Nuclear Activity in Star-Forming Galaxies
• Constraining the Solution to the Last Parsec Problem with Pulsar Timing
• Do LIGO/Virgo black hole mergers produce AGN flares? The case of GW190521 and prospects for reaching a confident association
• The Interaction of the Fermi Bubbles with the Milky Way's Hot Gas Halo
• Origins and Demographics of Wandering Black Holes
• Measuring the accretion rate and kinetic luminosity functions of supermassive black holes
• Massive black hole evolution models confronting the n-Hz amplitude of the stochastic gravitational wave background
• The deepest X-ray view of high-redshift galaxies: constraints on low-rate black-hole accretion
• The Spitzer mid-infrared AGN survey. II-the demographics and cosmic evolution of the AGN population
• Constraining the UV emissivity of AGN throughout cosmic time via X-ray surveys
• Long-Term X-ray Variability of Typical Active Galactic Nuclei in the Distant Universe
• Trinity I: Self-Consistently Modeling the Dark Matter Halo-Galaxy-Supermassive Black Hole Connection from $z=0-10$
• High Eccentricities and High Masses Characterize Gravitational-wave Captures in Galactic Nuclei as Seen by Earth-based Detectors
• AGN-driven outflows and the AGN feedback efficiency in young radio galaxies
• The quenching of galaxies, bulges, and disks since cosmic noon: A machine learning approach for identifying causality in astronomical data
• Scale-dependent bias in the BAO-scale intergalactic neutral hydrogen
• First CO(17-16) emission line detected in a z > 6 quasar
• The Angular Clustering of Infrared-Selected Obscured and Unobscured Quasars
• Supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations II: the AGN population and predictions for upcoming X-ray missions
• Modeling the Dust Properties of z ~ 6 Quasars with ART^2 -- All-wavelength Radiative Transfer with Adaptive Refinement Tree
• Evident black hole-bulge coevolution in the distant universe
• Low accretion rates at the AGN cosmic downsizing epoch
• Revealing the Accretion Physics of Supermassive Black Holes at Redshift z~7 with Chandra and Infrared Observations
• The radio afterglow of Swift J1644+57 reveals a powerful jet with fast core and slow sheath
• Fast and energetic AGN-driven outflows in simulated dwarf galaxies
• Multi-wavelength properties of Type 1 and Type 2 AGN Host Galaxies in the Chandra-COSMOS Legacy Survey
• [On the jet contribution to the AGN cosmic energy budget
• The physical origins and dominant emission mechanisms of Lyman-alpha halos: results from the TNG50 simulation in comparison to MUSE observations
• Outflow Bubbles from Compact Binary Mergers Embedded in Active Galactic Nuclei: Cavity Formation and the Impact on Electromagnetic Counterparts
• Identifying Decaying Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from their Variable Electromagnetic Emission
• Mass without radiation: heavily obscured AGN, the X-ray Background and the Black Hole Mass Density
• Characterising and Identifying Galaxy Protoclusters
• Blazar candidates beyond redshift 4 observed by Swift
• The contribution from stars stripped in binaries to cosmic reionization of hydrogen and helium
• The Quasar Feedback Survey: Discovering hidden Radio-AGN and their connection to the host galaxy ionised gas
• Discovery of a close-separation binary quasar at the heart of a z~0.2 merging galaxy and its implications for low-frequency gravitational waves
• Photo-heating and the fate of hard photons during the reionisation of HeII by quasars
• Clustering properties of moderate luminosity X-ray selected Type 1 and Type 2 AGN at z~3
• Seeding Black Holes in Cosmological Simulations
• BASS XXXVII: The role of radiative feedback in the growth and obscuration properties of nearby supermassive black holes
• Heating the IGM by X-rays from Population III Binaries in High Redshift Galaxies
• Exploring SMBH Assembly with Semi-analytic Modelling
• The merger-driven evolution of warm infrared luminous galaxies
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of an Ultra Massive and Compact Galaxy at z=3.35: A Detailed Look at an Early Progenitor of Local Most Massive Ellipticals
• A Flexible Method of Estimating Luminosity Functions
• Lyman continuum galaxies and the escape fraction of Lyman break galaxies
• Quasar UV luminosity function evolution up to z=8
• Properties of simulated galaxies and supermassive black holes in cosmic voids
• AGN-driven outflows and the formation of Ly$\alpha$ nebulae around high-z quasars
• Ultra-Short-Period Massive Black Hole Binary Candidates in LSST as LISA "Verification Binaries"
• Survival of the obscuring torus in the most powerful active galactic nuclei
• Exploring AGN and Star Formation Activity of Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS): Identification of AGN through SED Fitting and the Evolution of the Bolometric AGN Luminosity Function
• No redshift evolution of non-repeating fast radio-burst rates
• Supersonic Relative Velocity between Dark Matter and Baryons: A Review
• Nature and evolution of powerful radio galaxies and their link with the quasar luminosity function
• Properties of QSO Metal Line Absorption Systems at High Redshifts: Nature and Evolution of the Absorbers and New Evidence on Escape of Ionizing Radiation from Galaxies
• The Dark Matter Halos of Moderate Luminosity X-ray AGN as Determined from Weak Gravitational Lensing and Host Stellar Masses
• Separating Accretion and Mergers in the Cosmic Growth of Black Holes with X-ray and Gravitational Wave Observations
• The kinetic luminosity function and the jet production efficiency of growing black holes
• The hidden quasar nucleus of a WISE-selected, hyperluminous, dust-obscured galaxy at z ~ 2.3
• Semi-analytic forecasts for JWST -- V. AGN luminosity functions and helium reionization at z = 2-7
• Color Distributions, Number and Mass Densities of Massive Galaxies at 1.5 < z < 3: Comparing Observations with Merger Simulations
• A Deep Narrowband Imaging Search for CIV and He II Emission from Ly$\alpha$ Blobs
• Inhomogeneous Helium Reionization and the Equation of State of the Intergalactic Medium
• Weighing obscured and unobscured quasar hosts with the CMB
• Black hole obscuration and duty cycles mediated by AGN feedback in high redshift galaxies
• Probing black hole accretion tracks, scaling relations and radiative efficiencies from stacked X-ray active galactic nuclei
• ALMA Twenty-six arcmin${}^2$ Survey of GOODS-S at One-millimeter (ASAGAO): X-ray AGN Properties of Millimeter-Selected Galaxies
• Super Star Clusters in the Central Starburst of NGC 4945
• Dust Reverberation Mapping in Distant Quasars from Optical and Mid-Infrared Imaging Surveys
• The Nature of CO Emission From z~6 Quasars
• Jet enhanced accretion growth of supermassive black holes
• An Evolutionary Model For Submillimeter Galaxies
• Impact of X-rays on CO emission from high-z galaxies
• Missing black holes in brightest cluster galaxies as evidence for the occurrence of superkicks in nature
• The AGN-Star Formation Connection: Future Prospects with JWST
• X-shooter Spectroscopy and HST Imaging of 15 Ultra Massive Quiescent Galaxies at $z\gtrsim 2$
• The Line-of-Sight Proximity Effect and the Mass of Quasar Host Halos
• Seeking the growth of the first black hole seeds with JWST
• Unveiling the Population of Wandering Black Holes via Electromagnetic Signatures
• $f(R)$ gravity theories in the Palatini Formalism constrained from strong lensing
• Infrared emission of $z\sim 6$ galaxies: AGN imprints
• Are There Enough Ionizing Photons to Reionize the Universe by z=6?
• AGN and their host galaxies in the local Universe: two mass independent Eddington ratio distribution functions characterize black hole growth
• A quasar-based supermassive black hole binary population model: implications for the gravitational-wave background
• The first Super Massive Black Holes: indications from models for future observations
• Type 2 AGN host galaxies in the Chandra-COSMOS Legacy Survey: No Evidence of AGN-driven Quenching
• Constraints on light bending and reflection from the hard X-ray background
• The space density of z>4 blazars
• X-ray bolometric corrections for Compton-thick active galactic nuclei
• The evolution of the helium-ionizing background at z ~ 2-3
• A growth-rate indicator for Compton-thick active galactic nuclei
• Fluctuations in the Ionizing Background During and After Helium Reionization
• Radio-AGN Feedback: When the Little Ones were Monsters
• Eddington ratios of faint AGN at intermediate redshift: Evidence for a population of half-starved black holes
• AGN Selection Methods Have Profound Impacts on the Distributions of Host Galaxy Properties
• Linking the fate of massive black hole binaries to the active galactic nuclei luminosity function
• A significant excess in major merger rate for AGNs with the highest Eddington ratios at z<0.2
• A Global Inventory of Feedback
• High redshift AGNs and HI reionisation: limits from the unresolved X-ray background
• Dust-Enshrouded AGN can Dominate Host-Galaxy-Scale Cold-Dust Emission
• Dark Matter Accretion into Supermassive Black Holes
• A Spectroscopic Survey of WISE-selected Obscured Quasars with the Southern African Large Telescope
• Panchromatic Spectral Energy Distributions of Dusty Galaxies with RADISHE. I. Predictions for Herschel: Correlating Colors with Galactic Energy Sources
• Population statistics of intermediate mass black holes in dwarf galaxies using the NewHorizon simulation
• A Catalog of Host Galaxies for WISE-Selected AGN: Connecting Host Properties with Nuclear Activity and Identifying Contaminants
• Anisotropic AGN Outflows and Enrichment of the Intergalactic Medium
• Black hole clustering and duty cycles in the Illustris simulation
• Extragalactic gamma-ray background from AGN winds and star-forming galaxies in cosmological galaxy formation models
• The LSST era of supermassive black holes accretion-disk reverberation mapping
• The Past and Future of Mid-Infrared Studies of AGN
• A self-consistent 3D model of fluctuations in the helium-ionizing background
• Optical colours of AGN in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Obscured black holes in early type galaxies
• The most luminous AGN do not produce the majority of the detected stellar-mass black hole binary mergers in the local Universe
• Constraining the quasar population with the broad-line width distribution
• XXL-HSC: The link between AGN activity and star formation in the Early Universe ($z⩾3.5$)
• MaNGIA: 10,000 mock galaxies for stellar population analysis
• The Variable Sky of Deep Synoptic Surveys
• Modelling a bright z = 6 galaxy at the faint end of the AGN luminosity function
• First HETDEX Spectroscopic Determinations of Ly$\alpha$ and UV Luminosity Functions at $z=2-3$: Bridging a Gap Between Faint AGN and Bright Galaxies
• Cosmic evolution of radio-AGN feedback: confronting models with data
• Quasar-driven outflows account for the missing extragalactic gamma-ray background
• X-ray spectroscopy of the z=6.4 quasar J1148+5251
• The Luminosity Function of bright QSOs at z~4 and implications for the cosmic ionizing background
• The evolution of the heaviest super-massive black-holes in jetted AGNs
• On Constraining the Growth History of Massive Black Holes via Their Distribution on the Spin-Mass Plane
• The Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey: Clustering of X-ray selected AGN at 2.9<z<5.5 using photometric redshift Probability Distribution Functions
• The Role of Star-Formation and AGN in Dust Heating of z=0.3-2.8 Galaxies - II. Informing IR AGN fraction estimates through simulations
• Spectral Energy Distribution of Hyper-Luminous Infrared Galaxies
• Testing Models of Radio Galaxy Evolution and the Cosmological Impact of FR II Radio Galaxies
• The Type II AGN-host galaxy connection: insights from the VVDS and VIPERS surveys
• IGM Transmission Bias for $z$ $\ge$ 2.9 Lyman Continuum Detected Galaxies
• High-density disc reflection spectroscopy of low-mass active galactic nuclei
• Constraints on the Local Sources of Ultra High-Energy Cosmic Rays
• Recurring tidal disruption events a decade apart in IRAS F01004-2237
• Relation Between Globular Clusters and Supermassive Black Holes in Ellipticals as a Manifestation of the Black Hole Fundamental Plane
• Origin and evolution of dust-obscured galaxies in galaxy mergers
• X-ray properties of dust-obscured galaxies with broad optical/UV emission lines
• Can the 21 cm signal probe Population III and II star formation?
• A Southern Photometric Quasar Catalog from the Dark Energy Survey Data Release 2
• Lyman Continuum Galaxy Candidates in COSMOS
• Analysis of Spitzer-IRS spectra of hyperluminous infrared galaxies
• A Multiwavelength Study of ELAN Environments (AMUSE${}^2$): Detection of a dusty star-forming galaxy within the enormous Lyman $\alpha$ nebula at $z=2.3$ sheds light on its origin
• Observational Evidence for Enhanced Black Hole Accretion in Giant Elliptical Galaxies
• AGN X-ray luminosity function and absorption function in the Early Universe ($3\le z\le 6$)
• Cumulative neutrino background from quasar-driven outflows
• AGN Feedback in Groups and Clusters of Galaxies
• The influence of metagalactic ultra-violet background fluctuations on the high-redshift Ly$\alpha$ forest
• Fossil Ionized Bubbles Around Dead Quasars During Reionization
• The cosmic web in Lyman-alpha emission
• A possible sub-kiloparsec dual AGN buried behind the galaxy curtain
• Constraining Star Formation and AGN in z~2 Massive Galaxies using High Resolution MERLIN Radio Observations
• The Connection between Mergers and AGN Activity in Simulated and Observed Massive Galaxies
• A Cigale module tailored (not only) for Low-Luminosity AGN
• Accretion History of AGN III: Radiative Efficiency and AGN Contribution to Reionization
• On the Search for Quasar Light Echoes
• The Black Hole Mass Function Across Cosmic Times II. Heavy Seeds and (Super)Massive Black Holes
• First study of reionization in tilted flat and untilted non-flat dynamical dark energy inflation models
• Rapid formation of black holes in galaxies: a self-limiting growth mechanism
• Characterization of Optical Light Curves of Extreme Variability Quasars Over a ~16-yr Baseline
• Reliable Identification of Binary Supermassive Black Holes from Rubin Observatory Time-Domain Monitoring
• Big and young supermassive black holes in the early Universe
• Constraining the origin of stellar binary black hole mergers by detections of their lensed host galaxies and gravitational wave signals
• Unveiling the hosts of parsec-scale massive black hole binaries: morphology and electromagnetic signatures
• The XXL Survey XIX. A realistic population of simulated X-ray AGN: Comparison of models with observations
• Impact of gas based seeding on supermassive black hole populations at $z\ge 7$
• Pure Density Evolution of the Ultraviolet Quasar Luminosity Function at $2\lesssim z\lesssim 6$
• Tracing the evolution of dust obscured star-formation and accretion back to the reionisation epoch with SPICA
• On possible proxies of AGN light curves cadence selection in future time domain surveys
• Ultra high energy cosmic rays from non-relativistic quasar outflows
• Physical properties of AGN host galaxies as a probe of SMBH feeding mechanisms
• Measuring the luminosity and virial black hole mass dependence of quasar-galaxy clustering at z ~ 0.8
• Improving the Cosmological Constraints by Inferring the Formation Channel of Extreme-mass-ratio Inspirals
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: The Incidence of Major Mergers in type I and II AGN Host Galaxies in the DR15 sample
• The link between star-formation and supermassive black hole properties
• GalICS 2.1: a new semianalytic model for cold accretion, cooling, feedback and their roles in galaxy formation
• The impact of temperature fluctuations on the large-scale clustering of the Ly$\alpha$ forest
• Effect of primordial non-Gaussianities on the far-UV luminosity function of high-redshift galaxies: implications for cosmic reionization
• Extremely Massive Quasars are not Good Proxies for Dense Environments Compared to Massive Galaxies: Environments of Extremely Massive Quasars and Galaxies
• A low-luminosity type-1 QSO sample: II. Tracing circumnuclear star formation in HE 1029-1831 with SINFONI
• Searching for gravitational waves via Doppler tracking by future missions to Uranus and Neptune
• Infrared Imaging of SDSS Quasars: Implications for the Quasar K correction
• Proof of CMB-driven X-ray brightening of high-z radio galaxies
• Constraining the AGN formation channel for detected black hole binary mergers up to z=1.5 with the Quaia catalogue
• The incidence of AGN in galaxies with different stellar population ages
• Quasar UV Luminosity Function at $3.5<z<5.0$ from SDSS Deep Imaging Data
• Do current X-ray observations capture most of the black-hole accretion at high redshifts?
• Episodic activities of supermassive black holes at redshift $z\le 2$: driven by mergers?
• Determination of supermassive black hole spins in local active galactic nuclei
• Running Late: Testing Delayed Supermassive Black Hole Growth Models Against the Quasar Luminosity Function
• The Impact of the CMB on the Evolution of high-z Blazars
• The Highest-Energy Cosmic Rays Cannot be Dominantly Protons from Steady Sources
• The Mid-Infrared Luminosity Evolution and Luminosity Function of Quasars with SDSS and WISE
• Bringing faint active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to light: a view from large-scale cosmological simulations
• A Mid-infrared Flare in the Active Galaxy MCG-02-04-026: Dust Echo of a Nuclear Transient Event
• No black holes from light
• Resolving the nano-Hz gravitational wave sky: the detectability of eccentric binaries with PTA experiments
• Constraints on the X-ray Luminosity Function of AGN at z=5.7-6.4 with the Extragalactic Serendipitous Swift Survey
• On the Evolution of High-Redshift Active Galactic Nuclei
• AGN and Star Formation at Cosmic Noon: Comparison of Data to Theoretical Models
• CDFS-6664: A candidate of Lyman-continuum Emission at z~3.8 detected by HDUV
• The Evolution of the Low-Frequency Radio AGN Population to $z\simeq 1.5$ in the ELAIS N1 Field
• Non-parametric Reconstruction of Photon Escape Fraction from Reionization
• The Star Formation and AGN luminosity relation: Predictions from a semi-analytical model
• Constraining the contribution of Seyfert galaxies to the diffuse neutrino flux in light of point source observations
• The role of SPICA-like missions and the Origins Space Telescope in the quest for heavily obscured AGN and synergies with Athena
• Dark matter halos and the M-σrelation for supermassive black holes
• The Circumgalactic Medium of Submillimeter Galaxies. II. Unobscured QSOs within Dusty Starbursts and QSO Sightlines with Impact Parameters below 100 Kiloparsec
• Unveiling the 100 pc scale nuclear radio structure of NGC 6217 with e-MERLIN and the VLA
• Optical Selection of Faint AGN in the COSMOS Field
• On the Mean Radiative Efficiency of Accreting Massive Black Holes in AGNs And QSOs
• Sub-Eddington super-massive black hole activity in Fornax early type galaxies
• Finding of a population of active galactic nuclei showing a significant luminosity decline in the past $\sim 10^{3-4}$ yrs
• Spatial Correlations in the Helium-Ionizing Background
• Accretion History of AGN: Estimating the Host Galaxy Properties in X-ray Luminous AGN from z=0-3
• COSMOS2020: Investigating the AGN-obscured accretion phase at $z\sim 1$ via [NeV] selection
• The ASTRID Simulation at z=0: From Massive Black Holes to Large-scale Structure
• Evidence of a fraction of LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA events coming from active galactic nuclei
• Distinguishing AGN Feedback Models with the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
• Probing the roles of orientation and multi-scale gas distributions in shaping the obscuration of Active Galactic Nuclei through cosmic time
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Geometric Distances of Quasars Measured by Spectroastrometry and Reverberation Mapping:Monte Carlo Simulations
• Disentangling the co-evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes with PRIMA
• A Sample Bias in Quasar Variability Studies
• Unveiling the solution to the final-parsec problem by combining milli-Hertz gravitational-wave observation and AGN survey
• Unresolved z~8 point sources and their impact on the bright end of the galaxy luminosity function
• The Active Galactic Nuclei in the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment Survey (HETDEX) II. Luminosity Function
• Rapidly spinning massive black holes in active galactic nuclei: evidence from the black hole mass function
• Euclid preparation. Observational expectations for redshift z<7 active galactic nuclei in the Euclid Wide and Deep surveys
• Structure of the super-Eddington outflow and itsimpact on the cosmological scale
• AGN lifetimes in UV-selected galaxies: a clue to supermassive black hole-host galaxy coevolution
• Observations of Ly$\alpha$ Emitters at High Redshift
• Molecular Gas Heating and Modified Dust Properties in Active Galaxies: Growing Black Holes or Tidal Shocks?
• Realistic consecutive galaxy mergers form eccentric PTA sources
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Prospects for detecting cosmic filaments in Lyman-alpha emission across redshifts $z=2-5$
• Estimating black hole masses in young radio sources using CFHT spectroscopy
• Accretion mediated spin-eccentricity correlations in LISA massive black hole binaries
• Modelling radio luminosity functions of radio-loud AGN by the cosmological evolution of supermassive black holes
• Detecting quasars at very high redshift with next generation X-ray telescopes
• The Complex X-ray Obscuration Environment in the Radio Loud Type 2 Quasar 3C 223
• HeII Ly$\alpha$ Transmission Spikes and Absorption Troughs in Eight High-resolution Spectra Probing the End of HeII Reionization
• Detection of eccentric close-binary supermassive black holes with incomplete interferometric data
• CGM cloud sizes from refractive FRB scattering
• The PAU Survey: The quasar UV and Ly$\alpha$ luminosity functions at $2.7<z<5.3$
• X-ray absorption in Compton-thin AGN: the predictions of a model revisited
• A Complete 16 micron-Selected Galaxy Sample at $z\sim 1$: Mid-infrared Spectral Energy Distributions
• The luminosity function of TDEs from fallback-powered emission: implications for the black hole mass function
• Ultraviolet background fluctuations with clustered sources
• Introducing cosmosTNG: simulating galaxy formation with constrained realizations of the COSMOS field
• Reconciling PTA and JWST and preparing for LISA with POMPOCO: a Parametrisation Of the Massive black hole POpulation for Comparison to Observations
• Modeling submillimeter galaxies in cosmological simulations: Contribution to the cosmic star formation density and predictions for future surveys
• Using Machine Learning to Determine Morphologies of $z<1$ AGN Host Galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Wide Survey
• pop-cosmos: Insights from generative modeling of a deep, infrared-selected galaxy population
• Rest-Frame Ultraviolet to Near Infrared Observations of an Interacting Lyman Break Galaxy at z = 4.42
• Constraining blazar heating with the 2<z<3 Lyman-$\alpha$ forest
• Seeking Neutrino Emission from AGN through Temporal and Spatial Cross Correlation
• Early Growth of Massive Black Holes in Quasars
• Constraining black hole-galaxy scaling relations from the large-scale clustering of Active Galactic Nuclei and implied mean radiative efficiency
• Scattering of emission lines in galaxy cluster cores: measuring electron temperature
• Newly born extragalactic millisecond pulsars as efficient emitters of PeV neutrinos
• Estimate of SMBH Spin for Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• Probing AGN with spectropolarimetry: accretion disk and SMBH parameters
• Automatic Machine Learning Framework to Study Morphological Parameters of AGN Host Galaxies within $z<1.4$ in the Hyper Supreme-Cam Wide Survey
• Measuring photo-ionization rate and mean free path of HeII ionizing photons at $2.5\le z\le 3.6$: Evidence for late and rapid HeII reionization Part-II
• The distant red galaxy neighbour population of 1 < z < 2 QSOs and optically obscured sources
• Identifying massive black hole binaries via light curve variability in optical time-domain surveys
• Constraining $z\lesssim 2$ ultraviolet emission with the upcoming ULTRASAT satellite
• Determination of the Physical Parameters of AGNs in Seyfert 1 Galaxies LEDA 3095839 and VII Zw 244 Based on Spectropolarimetric Observations
• Multi-wavelength properties of $z\gtrsim 6$ LISA detectable events
• Overmassive and Undermassive Massive Black Holes: The Role of Environment and Gravitational-Wave Recoils
• Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Astrophysical Sources: Theory, Detection, and Applications
• Tidal disruption event rates across cosmic time: forecasts for LSST, Roman, and JWST and their constraints on the supermassive black hole mass function
• X-ray luminosity functions of different morphological and X-ray type AGN populations
• Early Stages of Dusty Tori: The First Infrared Spectra from a Highly Multiscale Quasar Simulation
• AGN variability in the age of VRO
• The implications of overmassive black holes at $z>5$ for quasar and black hole growth
• Spins of SMBHs in distant low luminosity AGNs
• PHL 6625: A Minor Merger-Associated QSO Behind NGC 247
• Diffuse flux of PeV neutrinos from centrifugally accelerated protons in active galactic nuclei
• Exploiting the IRT-THESEUS capability to observe lensed Quasars
• Detectability of a spatial correlation between stellar-mass black hole mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei in the Local Universe
• BASS XXX: Distribution Functions of DR2 Eddington-ratios, Black Hole Masses, and X-ray Luminosities
• Ultra-luminous high-redshift quasars from SkyMapper -- II. New quasars and the bright end of the luminosity function
• Revisiting Disk Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei as an Origin of Cosmic Gamma-ray and Neutrino Backgrounds
• Identification of high-redshift X-ray active galactic nuclei in the 4XMM-DR11 serendipitous catalogue using DES data: Comparative analysis with optically-selected QSOs
• Fast and optimal nonparametric sequential design for astronomical observations
• The Drivers of the Decline in Supermassive Black Hole Growth at $z<2$
• The black hole population in low-mass galaxies in large-scale cosmological simulations
• Estimating the spins of supermassive black holes in distant ultraluminous quasars
• Solving the multi-messenger puzzle of the AGN-starburst composite galaxy NGC 1068