The Inner Structure of LambdaCDM Halos I: A Numerical Convergence Study

Abstract

We present a comprehensive set of convergence tests which explore the role of various numerical parameters on the equilibrium structure of a simulated dark matter halo. We report results obtained with two independent, state-of-the-art, multi-stepping, parallel N-body codes: PKDGRAV and GADGET. We find that convergent mass profiles can be obtained for suitable choices of the gravitational softening, timestep, force accuracy, initial redshift, and particle number. For softenings chosen so that particle discreteness effects are negligible, convergence in the circular velocity is obtained at radii where the following conditions are satisfied: (i) the timestep is much shorter than the local orbital timescale; (ii) accelerations do not exceed a characteristic acceleration imprinted by the gravitational softening; and (iii) enough particles are enclosed so that the collisional relaxation timescale is longer than the age of the universe. The most stringent requirement for convergence is typically that imposed on the particle number by the collisional relaxation criterion, which implies that in order to estimate accurate circular velocities at radii where the density contrast may reach $\sim 10^6$, the region must enclose of order 3000 particles (or more than a few times $10^6$ within the virial radius). Applying these criteria to a galaxy-sized $\Lambda$CDM halo, we find that the spherically-averaged density profile becomes progressively shallower from the virial radius inwards, reaching a logarithmic slope shallower than -1.2 at the innermost resolved point, $r\sim 0.005r_{200}$, with little evidence for convergence to a power-law behaviour in the inner regions.

23 pages, 15 figures. Published in MNRAS. Changes : (1) Addition of paragraph at end of Introduction, highlighting more technical sections of paper, (2) Revised summaries at end of major (sub)sections, (3) Modified caption to Figure 15

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• Formation of the largest galactic cores through binary scouring and gravitational wave recoil
• Dark Matter Halo Profiles in Scale-Free Cosmologies
• The nature of dark matter and the density profile and central behavior of relaxed halos
• Unveiling the Population of Wandering Black Holes via Electromagnetic Signatures
• Measuring bar pattern speeds from single simulation snapshots
• Warm FIRE: Simulating Galaxy Formation with Resonant Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. III: Cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-mass halo
• Accurate Realizations of the Ionized Gas in Galaxy Clusters: Calibrating Feedback
• Dynamical Evolution of Primordial Dark Matter Haloes through Mergers
• Optimal angular window for observing Dark Matter annihilation from the Galactic Center region: the case of gamma-ray lines
• The Q Continuum Simulation: Harnessing the Power of GPU Accelerated Supercomputers
• Secondary infall model and dark matter scaling relations in intermediate redshift early - type galaxies
• Phase-Space Structure of Dark-Matter Haloes: Scale-Invariant PDF Driven by Substructure
• The diversity of rotation curves of simulated galaxies with cusps and cores
• Velocity dispersion profile in dark matter halos
• Galactic Tides and the Shape and Orientation of Dwarf Galaxy Satellites
• The Dark Matter Distributions in Low-Mass Disk Galaxies. II. The Inner Density Profiles
• An imaging survey of a uniform sample of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light
• Cosmological Simulations of Multi-Component Cold Dark Matter
• Top-Down Fragmentation of a Warm Dark Matter Filament
• RC100: Rotation Curves of 100 Massive Star-Forming Galaxies at z=0.6-2.5 Reveal Little Dark Matter on Galactic Scales
• The star formation histories of dwarf galaxies in Local Group cosmological simulations
• Non--power law behavior of the radial profile of phase--space density of halos
• A study of AGN and supernova feedback in simulations of isolated and merging disc galaxies
• The Radial Orbit Instability in Collisionless N-Body Simulations
• The edge of galaxy formation II: evolution of Milky Way satellite analogues after infall
• An optimum time-stepping scheme for N-body simulations
• Unraveling the origin of magnetic fields in galaxies
• Total density profile of massive early-type galaxies in Horizon-AGN simulation: impact of AGN feedback and comparison with observations
• NIHAO-XXIII: Dark Matter density shaped by Black Hole feedback
• Galaxy Satellites and the Weak Equivalence Principle
• Quantification of discreteness effects in cosmological N-body simulations: II. Evolution up to shell crossing
• Numerical Simulations of Hot Halo Gas in Galaxy Mergers
• Hydrostatic mass estimates of massive galaxy clusters: a study with varying hydrodynamics flavours and non-thermal pressure support
• Galactic Halos in MONDian Cosmological Simulations
• Precision Cosmology
• Adiabatic scaling relations of galaxy clusters
• The impact of magnetic fields on cosmological galaxy mergers. I: Reshaping gas and stellar discs
• The impact of halo shapes on the bispectrum in cosmology
• Dark matter halo cores and the tidal survival of Milky Way satellites
• Degeneracies Between Self-interacting Dark Matter and Supernova Feedback as cusp-core transformation mechanisms
• Mass Models for Spiral Galaxies from 2-D Velocity Maps
• Cosmology with Stacked Cluster Weak Lensing and Cluster-Galaxy Cross-Correlations
• Lyman-αabsorption beyond the disk of simulated spiral galaxies
• Strong gravitational lensing and galactic bulges
• The Cold Dark Matter crisis on galactic and subgalactic scales
• Theoretical dark matter halo density profile
• On Dark Matter Annihilation in the Local Group
• Formation and evolution of early-type galaxies. II. Models with quasi-cosmological initial conditions
• A numerical comparison of theories of violent relaxation
• Analysis of galactic tides and stars on CDM microhalos
• Phase-space structure of protohalos: Vlasov versus Particle-Mesh
• A Robust Measure of Cosmic Structure beyond the Power-Spectrum: Cosmic Filaments and the Temperature of Dark Matter
• EDGE: What shapes the relationship between HI and stellar observables in faint dwarf galaxies?
• Bar instability in cosmological halos
• Tidal Stripping in the Adiabatic Limit
• Scalelengths in Dark Matter Halos
• Compaction-Driven Black Hole Growth
• The DESI $N$-body Simulation Project I: Testing the Robustness of Simulations for the DESI Dark Time Survey
• Influence of baryons on the orbital structure of dark matter haloes
• Massive central galaxies of galaxy groups in the Romulus simulations: an overview of galaxy properties at z=0
• Population statistics of intermediate mass black holes in dwarf galaxies using the NewHorizon simulation
• Accelerated orbital decay of supermassive black hole binaries in merging nuclear star clusters
• Toward Understanding the origin of the Fundamental Plane for Early-Type Galaxies
• On the Origin of Dark Matter Cores in Dwarf Galaxies
• Accurate tracer particles of baryon dynamics in the adaptive mesh refinement code Ramses
• Simulating the Complexity of the Dark Matter Sheet I: Numerical Algorithms
• The dark matter component of the Gaia radially anisotropic substructure
• SMBH Seeds from Dissipative Dark Matter
• The impact of galactic feedback on the shapes of dark-matter haloes
• The scatter in the galaxy-halo connection: a machine learning analysis
• The Pandora project. I: the impact of radiation and cosmic rays on baryonic and dark matter properties of dwarf galaxies
• Non-universality of dark-matter halos: cusps, cores, and the central potential
• Rivers of Gas I.: Unveiling The Properties of High Redshift Filaments
• MaGICC-WDM: the effects of warm dark matter in hydrodynamical simulations of disc galaxy formation
• Adaptive gravitational softening in GADGET
• Gamma-Ray Constraints on Neutralino Dark Matter Clumps in the Galactic Halo
• The distinct stellar metallicity populations of simulated Local Group dwarfs
• How does gas cool in DM halos?
• Origin of highly $r$-process-enhanced stars in a cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy
• Revisiting dynamical friction: the role of global modes and local wakes
• Sowing black hole seeds: Direct collapse black hole formation with realistic Lyman-Werner radiation in cosmological simulations
• Constraining the inner density slope of massive galaxy clusters
• Galactic seismology: joint evolution of impact-triggered stellar and gaseous disc corrugations
• The Asymptotic Form of Cosmic Structure: Small Scale Power and Accretion History
• Degenerate sterile neutrino dark matter in the cores of galaxies
• Free streaming in mixed dark matter
• The many reasons that the rotation curves of low-mass galaxies can fail as tracers of their matter distributions
• Weak lensing in the Horizon-AGN simulation lightcone. Small scale baryonic effects
• A dynamics-based density profile for dark haloes -- II. Fitting function
• Tidal Torquing of Elliptical Galaxies in Cluster Environments
• The response of dark matter haloes to elliptical galaxy formation: a new test for quenching scenarios
• Statistical properties of the dark matter haloes of dwarf galaxies and correlations with the environment
• Dark-ages Reionization & Galaxy Formation Simulation II: Spin and concentration parameters for dark matter haloes during the Epoch of Reionization
• On the equilibrium morphology of systems drawn from spherical collapse experiments
• The formation of entropy cores in non-radiative galaxy cluster simulations: SPH versus AMR
• How cosmological merger histories shape the diversity of stellar haloes
• VINTERGATAN-GM: The cosmological imprints of early mergers on Milky-Way-mass galaxies
• The impact of the Large Magellanic Cloud on dark matter direct detection signals
• The optimal gravitational softening length for cosmological N-body simulations
• Scale Radii and Aggregation Histories of Dark Haloes
• Measuring the vertical response of the Galactic disc to an infalling satellite
• Non-universality of halo profiles and implications for dark matter experiments
• Constraints on the Shape of the Milky Way Dark Matter Halo from Jeans Equations Applied to SDSS Data
• Simulations of core formation for frequent dark matter self-interactions
• Spurious Small-Scale Structure & Discreteness-Driven Relaxation in Cosmological Simulations
• The imprint of dark matter haloes on the size and velocity dispersion evolution of early-type galaxies
• Bars in dark matter-dominated dwarf galaxy discs
• Sensitivity of dark matter haloes to their accretion histories
• Structure, Kinematics, and Observability of the Large Magellanic Cloud's Dynamical Friction Wake in Cold vs. Fuzzy Dark Matter
• Dynamical flows through Dark Matter Haloes: Inner perturbative dynamics, secular evolution, and applications
• The Lives of High Redshift Mergers
• The velocity anisotropy - density slope relation
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. IX. Estimating the Efficiency of Galaxy Formation on the Lowest-Mass Scales
• The nature of damped HI absorbers probed by cosmological simulations: satellite accretion and outflows
• Effects of the halo concentration distribution on strong-lensing optical depth and X-ray emission
• The flat density profiles of massive, and relaxed galaxy clusters
• Tidal Mass Loss from Collisionless Systems
• Baryons Shaping Dark Matter Haloes
• The effect of tides on the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy
• A wavelet add-on code for new-generation N-body simulations and data de-noising (JOFILUREN)
• Detection of universality of dark matter profile from Subaru weak lensing measurements of 50 massive clusters
• KETJU -- resolving small-scale supermassive black hole dynamics in GADGET-4
• Quantifying resolution in cosmological N-body simulations using self-similarity
• A New Discrete Dynamical Friction Estimator Based on $N$-body Simulations
• Gravitational lensing magnification without multiple imaging
• The global mass - to - light ratio of SLACS lenses
• On the Cosmic Web Elongation in Fuzzy Dark Matter Cosmologies: Effects on Density Profiles, Shapes and Alignments of Halos
• The impact of inelastic self-interacting dark matter on the dark matter structure of a Milky Way halo
• Predicting the dark matter velocity distribution in galactic structures: tests against hydrodynamic cosmological simulations
• The orbital phase space of contracted dark matter halos
• Weak-lensing mass bias in merging galaxy clusters
• Velocity-dependent J-factors for annihilation radiation from cosmological simulations
• Dynamical friction and scratches of orbiting satellite galaxies on host systems
• Gamma rays from the neutralino dark matter annihilations in the Milky Way substructures
• Illuminating Dark Matter Halo Density Profiles Without Subhaloes
• The Dark Matter Haloes of Chandra X-ray Galaxy Clusters and Baryons Effect
• Constraining interacting dark energy models with the halo concentration-mass relation
• Galaxy Flybys: Evolution of the Bulge, Disk, and Spiral Arms
• A hidden population of massive black holes in simulated dwarf galaxies
• Constraining the cross-section of dark matter with giant radial arcs in galaxy clusters
• The VLT LBG Redshift Survey - IV. Gas and galaxies at z ~ 3 in observations and simulations
• Vlasov versus N-body: the Hénon sphere
• Dark matter density profiles: A comparison of nonextensive theory with N-body simulations
• Galaxies at Redshift ~0.5 Around Three Closely Spaced Quasar Sightlines
• Modelling the accretion and feedback of supermassive black hole binaries in gas-rich galaxy mergers
• The haloes of merger remnants
• Testing Hydrodynamics Schemes in Galaxy Disc Simulations
• Sersic Properties of Disc Galaxy Mergers
• Figure rotation of dark halos in CDM simulations
• The nature of core formation in dark matter haloes: adiabatic or impulsive?
• The Failure of Self-Interacting Dark Matter to solve the Overabundance of Dark Satellites and the Soft Core Question
• The Response of Dark Matter Haloes to Gas Ejection: CuspCore II
• Introducing the AIDA-TNG project: galaxy formation in alternative dark matter models
• Novel Adaptive softening for collisionless N-body simulations: Eliminating spurious halos
• EDGE: The emergence of dwarf galaxy scaling relations from cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulations
• Exploring extensions to the standard cosmological model and the impact of baryons on small scales
• Kinematics beats dust: unveiling nested substructure in the perturbed outer disc of the Milky Way
• The Effect of Thermal Velocities on Structure Formation in N-body Simulations of Warm Dark Matter
• Galaxy-lens determination of $H_0$: constraining density slope in the context of the mass sheet degeneracy
• The cusp-core problem in gas-poor dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Probing chiral and flavored $Z^{\prime }$ from cosmic bursts through neutrino interactions
• Seeking Observable Imprints of Small-Scale Structure on the Properties of Dark Matter Haloes
• Dark Matter Response to Galaxy Assembly History
• A high-resolution cosmological simulation of a strong gravitational lens
• A Stable Finite-Volume Method for Scalar-Field Dark Matter
• The BAHAMAS project: Effects of dynamical dark energy on large-scale structure
• On the Onset of Stochasticity in $\Lambda$CDM Cosmological Simulations
• Numerical Challenges in Modeling Gravothermal Collapse in Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos
• Informing dark matter direct detection limits with the ARTEMIS simulations
• The real and apparent convergence of N-body simulations of the dark matter structures: is the Navarro-Frenk-White profile real?
• Tidally induced bars in gas-rich dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way
• Stellar angular momentum can be controlled from cosmological initial conditions
• The baryon cycle of Seven Dwarfs with superbubble feedback
• Triaxial vs. Spherical Dark Matter Halo Profiles
• SN-driven mechanism of cusp-core transformation: an appraisal
• Time Delays for the Giant Quadruple Lensed Quasar SDSS J1004+4112: Prospects for Determining the Density Profile of the Lensing Cluster
• Photometric Properties of the Most Massive High-Redshift Galaxies
• Evolution of isolated overdensities as a control on cosmological N body simulations
• Tidal features of classical Milky Way satellites in a $\Lambda$CDM universe
• The present-day gas content of simulated field dwarf galaxies
• Spatially offset black holes in the Horizon-AGN simulation and comparison to observations
• Gaussian random field power spectrum and the Sérsic law
• EDGE: Dark matter core creation depends on the timing of star formation
• The Borg Cube Simulation: Cosmological Hydrodynamics with CRK-SPH
• The influence of numerical parameters on tidally triggered bar formation
• A general-purpose timestep criterion for simulations with gravity
• Dynamics of Stellar Disk Tilting from Satellite Mergers
• Shedding light on low-mass subhalo survival and annihilation luminosity with numerical simulations
• Internal dark matter structure of the most massive galaxy clusters
• Isolated and non-isolated dark matter halos and the NFW profile
• Warm Dark Haloes Accretion Histories and their Gravitational Signatures
• Exponents of non-linear clustering in scale-free one dimensional cosmological simulations
• Halo concentrations from extended Press-Schechter merger histories
• The BAHAMAS project: Effects of a running scalar spectral index on large-scale structure
• Dynamical friction and evolution of black holes in cosmological simulations: a new implementation in OpenGadget3
• Coarse Graining the Distribution Function of Cold Dark Matter
• Testable predictions of outside-in age gradients in dwarf galaxies of all types
• Micro galaxies in LCDM
• The Hateful Eight: Connecting Massive Substructures in Galaxy Clusters like Abell 2744 to their Dynamical Assembly State using the Magneticum Simulations
• Constraining the Milky Way Dark Matter Density Profile with Gamma-Rays with Fermi-LAT
• Optimal Softening for N-Body Halo Simulations
• X-ray morphology of cluster-mass haloes in self-interacting dark matter
• Good and Proper: Self-similarity of N-body Simulations with Proper Force Softening
• The alignment is in their stars: on the spin-alignment of stars in star clusters
• Cosmic evolution of black hole-spin and galaxy orientations: clues from the NewHorizon and Galactica simulations
• Pressure from dark matter annihilation and the rotation curve of spiral galaxies
• Surface mass density of the Einasto family of dark matter haloes: Are they Sersic-like?
• Internal Cluster Structure
• The impact of baryons on the internal structure of dark matter haloes from dwarf galaxies to superclusters in the redshift range 0<z<7
• Building the molecular cloud population: the role of cloud mergers
• Constrained cosmological simulations of the Local Group using Bayesian hierarchical field-level inference
• Fuzzy Aquarius: evolution of a Milky-way like system in the Fuzzy Dark Matter scenario
• The impact of magnetic fields on cosmological galaxy mergers -- II. Modified angular momentum transport and feedback
• From the Tully-Fisher relation to the Fundamental Plane through Mergers
• Accurate mass estimates from the proper motions of dispersion-supported galaxies
• Evolution of Dark Matter Phase-Space Density Distributions in Equal-Mass Halo Mergers
• Gamma rays from Dark Matter Annihilation in the Central Region of the Galaxy
• Self-Interacting Dark Matter and the Delay of Super-Massive Black Hole Growth
• Probing galaxy density profiles with future supernova surveys
• Shaping the Milky Way: The interplay of mergers and cosmic filaments
• SIEGE IV: compact star clusters in cosmological simulations with high star formation efficiency and sub-parsec resolution
• The cosmology dependence of the concentration-mass-redshift relation
• Novel Conservative Methods for Adaptive Force Softening in Collisionless and Multi-Species N-Body Simulations
• $\gamma$-ray flux from Dark Matter Annihilation in Galactic Caustics
• Phase-Space Density Profiles in Scale-Free Cosmologies
• Matching the mass function of Milky Way satellites in competing dark matter models
• Improved analytical modeling of the non-linear power spectrum in modified gravity cosmologies
• nIFTy Galaxy Cluster simulations VI: The dynamical imprint of substructure on gaseous cluster outskirts
• Efficient and accurate force replay in cosmological-baryonic simulations
• Sloshing of Galaxy Cluster Core Plasma in the Presence of Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Dark matter cores in massive high-$z$ galaxies formed by baryonic clumps
• Precise Measurements of the LMC Bar's Geometry With Gaia DR3 and a Novel Solution to Crowding Induced Incompleteness in Star Counting
• Numerical simulations of dark matter haloes produce polytropic central cores when reaching thermodynamic equilibrium
• Precision cosmology with baryons: non-radiative hydrodynamics of galaxy groups
• LMC-driven anisotropic boosts in stream--subhalo interactions
• Dancing in the void: hydrodynamical N-body simulations of the extremely metal poor galaxy DDO 68
• Angular momentum evolution of bulge stars in disc galaxies in NIHAO
• A spherical scalar-tensor galaxy model
• Uncovering substructure with wavelets: proof of concept using Abell 2744
• Particle linear theory on a self-gravitating perturbed cubic Bravais lattice
• An Enhanced Massive Black Hole Occupation Fraction Predicted in Cluster Dwarf Galaxies
• Cusps in the center of galaxies: a real conflict with observations or a numerical artefact of cosmological simulations?
• Velocity Structure of Self-Similar Spherically Collapsed Halos
• Gravitational lensing in WDM cosmologies: The cross section for giant arcs
• Can Stellar Discs in a Cosmological Setting Avoid Forming Strong Bars?
• A deeper look into the structure of ΛCDM haloes: correlations between halo parameters from Einasto fits
• Drivers of disc tilting I: Correlations and possible drivers for Milky Way analogues
• Density Profile Asymptotes at the Centre of Dark Matter Halos
• Setting the Stage: Structures from Gaussian Random Fields
• Testing the galaxy collision induced formation scenario for the trail of dark matter deficient galaxies with the susceptibility of globular clusters to the tidal force
• EDGE: the puzzling ellipticity of Eridanus II's star cluster and its implications for dark matter at the heart of an ultra-faint dwarf
• Relaxation of dark matter halos: how to match observational data?
• The local dark matter distribution in self-interacting dark matter halos
• Mesh-free hydrodynamics in PKDGRAV3 for galaxy formation simulations
• An off-centred bulge or a satellite? Hydrodynamical $N$-body simulations of the disc galaxy NGC 5474
• Identifying supermassive black hole recoil in elliptical galaxies
• Velocity-dependent annihilation radiation from dark matter subhalos in cosmological simulations
• Particle number dependence in the non-linear evolution of N-body self-gravitating systems
• Galaxy shapes in Magneticum. I. Connecting stellar and dark matter shapes to dynamical and morphological galaxy properties and the large-scale structure
• Mass Limits on Neutralino Dark Matter
• Large scale anisotropies on halo infall
• Satellite survival in cold dark matter cosmology
• Some astrophysical implications of dark matter and gas profiles in a new galaxy clusters model
• Comparing Galaxy Clustering in Horizon-AGN Simulated Lightcone Mocks and VIDEO Observations
• The effect of softening on dynamical simulations of galaxies
• Resolution criteria to avoid artificial clumping in Lagrangian hydrodynamic simulations with a multi-phase interstellar medium
• Velocity Distributions from Nonextensive Thermodynamics
• Matter in the beam: Weak lensing, substructures and the temperature of dark matter
• Diverse dark matter profiles in FIRE dwarfs: black holes, cosmic rays and the cusp-core enigma
• Measuring the mass and concentration of dark matter halos from the velocity dispersion profile of their stars
• Conservation of radial actions in time-dependent spherical potentials
• The Effects of Linear Matter Power Spectrum Enhancement on Dark Matter Substructure
• An efficient and robust method to estimate halo concentration
• Response of the LMC's Bar to a Recent SMC Collision and Implications for the SMC's Dark Matter Profile
• Extended Stellar Components of Galaxies & the Nature of Dark Matter
• NIHAO XXVIII: Collateral effects of AGN on dark matter concentration and stellar kinematics
• Dark Matter Annihilation Feedback in cosmological simulations I: Code convergence and idealised halos
• Kinematic signatures of impulsive supernova feedback in dwarf galaxies
• Hydrodynamic Approach to the Evolution of Cosmic Structures II: Study of N-body Simulations at z=0
• Gravitationally Focused Dark Matter Around Compact Stars
• The velocity function of dark matter halos at r=20 kpc: Remarkably little evolution since z ~ 4
• A toy model to test the accuracy of cosmological N-body simulations
• Smooth halos in the cosmic web
• A Novel Scheme for Dark Matter Annihilation Feedback in Cosmological Simulations
• Accelerating self-gravitating hydrodynamics simulations with adaptive force updates
• Can tides explain the low dark matter density in Fornax?
• Analyzing Planar Galactic Halo Distributions with Fuzzy/Cold Dark Matter Models
• Sensitivity of Halo Shape Measurements
• Cosmological simulations of the same spiral galaxy: connecting the dark matter distribution of the host halo with the subgrid baryonic physics
• Evaluating the variance of individual halo properties in constrained cosmological simulations
• HELLO project: High-$z$ Evolution of Large and Luminous Objects
• Inner structure of dark matter halos at high $z$ in cosmological models with non-power-law primordial spectra
• EDEN: Exploring Disks Embedded in N-body simulations of Milky-Way-mass halos from Symphony
• A MARVEL-ous study of how well galaxy shapes reflect Dark Matter halo shapes in Cold Dark Matter Simulations
• Trial by FIRE: Probing the dark matter density profile of dwarf galaxies with GraphNPE
• Predictions for Detecting a Turndown in the Baryonic Tully Fisher Relation
• NOEMA${}^{3D}$: A first kpc resolution study of a $z\sim 1.5$ main sequence barred galaxy channeling gas into a growing bulge
• Exploring the Dark Matter Disc Model in Dwarf Galaxies: Insights from the LITTLE THINGS Sample
• Numerical Discreteness Errors in Multi-Species Cosmological N-body Simulations
• Disc-Halo Interactions in ΛCDM
• Made-To-Measure Models of Self-Similar Triaxial Halos with Steep Inner Density Gradients
• Dynamical and gravitational lensing properties of a new phenomenological model of elliptical galaxies
• Detecting the dark matter annihilation at the ground EAS detectors
• The Growth of Baryonic Structure in the Presence of Cosmological Magnetic Pressure
• Constraining supersymmetry from the satellite experiments
• A Stringent Upper Limit on Dark Matter Self-Interaction Cross Section from Cluster Strong Lensing
• Calibrating galaxy formation effects in galactic tests of fundamental physics
• The Hierarchical Structure of Galactic Haloes: Classification and characterisation with Halo-OPTICS
• Flattening of dark matter cusps during mergers: model of M31
• Why does Einasto profile index $n\sim 6$ occur so frequently?
• Premature supermassive black hole mergers in cosmological simulations of structure formation
• Gravitational Collapse in an Expanding Universe: Scaling Relations for Two-Dimensional Collapse Revisited
• Central densities of dark matter halos in FIRE-2 simulations of low-mass galaxies with cold dark matter and self-interacting dark matter
• The imprint of dark matter on the Galactic acceleration field
• Degeneracies between Modified Gravity and Baryonic Physics
• A Galactic Transformation -- Understanding the SMC's Structural and Kinematic Disequilibrium
• Nuclear star clusters as probes of dark matter halos: the case of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
• Tidal mass loss in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy through N-body simulations with Gaia DR3-based orbits
• The Impact of Classical Bulges on Stellar Bars and Box-Peanut-X-Features in Disk Galaxies
• The Three Hundred: $M_{sub}-V_{circ}$ relation
• CHEX-MATE: Multi-probe analysis of Abell 1689
• Improved Halo Model Calibrations for Mixed Dark Matter Models of Ultralight Axions
• How to simulate the Universe in a Computer
• The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. VIII: Disk Formation and Evolution of Simulated Milky Way Mass Galaxy Progenitors at $1<z<5$
• The influence of baryons on low-mass haloes
• The galaxy halo formation in the absence of violent relaxation and a universal density profile of the halo center
• Cosmological Zoom-In Simulations of Milky Way Host Mass Dark Matter Halos with a Blue-Tilted Primordial Power Spectrum
• Dark Matter Annihilation Feedback in Cosmological Simulations II: The Influence on Gas and Halo Structure
• On the probabilistic approach to the N-body problem
• Core to Cosmic Edge: SIMBA-C's New Take on Abundance Profiles in the Intragroup Medium at z = 0
• Vlasov limit and discreteness effects in cosmological N-body simulations
• Bulgeless Evolution And the Rise of Discs (BEARD) I. Physical drivers of the mass-size relation for Milky Way-like galaxies
• The Three Hundred Project: deducing the stellar splashback structure of galaxy clusters from their orbiting profiles
• FLAMINGO: Galaxy formation and feedback effects on the gas density and velocity fields
• On the behaviour of streams in angle and frequency spaces in different potentials
• The connection between halo concentrations and assembly histories: a probe of gravity?
• DARKSKIES: A suite of super-sampled zoom-in simulations of galaxy clusters with self-interacting dark matter
• Evidence for axion miniclusters with an increased central density
• The imprint of dark subhaloes on the circumgalactic medium
• Limits on Early Matter Domination from the Isotropic Gamma-Ray Background
• Simulating realistic self-interacting dark matter models including small and large-angle scattering
• From particles to orbits: precise dark matter density profiles using dynamical information
• New insights on low-mass dark matter subhalo tidal tracks via numerical simulations
• Boltzmann-Poisson-like approach to simulating the galactic halo response to satellite accretion Dependence on the halo density profile
• The Effect of Corner Modes in the Initial Conditions of Cosmological Simulations
• Gas flows, star formation and galaxy evolution
• The dynamical evolution of the stellar clumps in the Sparkler galaxy
• Dark-Matter-Deficient Galaxies from Collisions: A New Probe of Bursty Feedback and Dark Matter Physics
• Numerical effects on the stripping of dark matter and stars in IllustrisTNG galaxy groups and clusters
• Dynamical disequilibrium in dwarf galaxies: rethinking gas dynamics, rotation curves, and dark matter inference
• Head-on collisions of fuzzy/cold dark matter subhalos
• Metamorphosis of dwarf halo density profile under dark matter decays
• Triaxiality Inhibitors in N-Body Simulations
• Unequal-mass mergers of dark matter haloes with rare and frequent self-interactions
• Recoiling supermassive black holes in analytical and numerical galaxy potential
• Mapping the Distorted Dark Matter Distribution of the LMC-SMC System Prior to Milky Way Infall with Basis Function Expansions
• Comparing Extended System Interactions with Motions in Softened Potentials
• On the universality of the halo mass function beyond $\Lambda$CDM cosmology
• The PARADIGM project II: The lifetimes and quenching of satellites in Milky Way-mass haloes
• Systematics in ETG Mass Profile Modelling: Strong Lensing & Stellar Dynamics
• Baryon-driven decontraction in Milky Way mass haloes
• ngravs: Distinct gravitational interactions in GADGET-2
• The NewHorizon Simulation -- To Bar Or Not To Bar
• Dynamical friction and massive black hole orbits: analytical predictions and numerical solutions
• Cusped Mass Density Profiles and Magnification Ratios of Double Image Gravitational Lenses
• Self-Interacting Dark Matter with Mass Segregation: A Unified Explanation of Dwarf Cores and Small-Scale Lenses
• Stellar Cores Live Long and Prosper in Cuspy Dark Matter Halos
• CROCODILE-DWARF: Assembly and Kinematics of Field Dwarf Galaxies with GADGET4-OSAKA
• Gravitational Waves from Hyperbolic Encounters of Primordial Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies
• Entropy Production in Collisionless Systems. III. Results from Simulations
• How to simulate the Universe in a box? Testing modified gravity with a N-body simulation code
• Physically motivated fit to mass surface density profiles observed in galaxies
• Gravitational Softening and Adaptive Mass Resolution
• Excess of substructure due to primordial black holes
• LYRA II: Cosmological dwarf galaxy formation with inhomogeneous Population III enrichment
• Towards convergence of turbulent dynamo amplification in cosmological simulations of galaxies
• Towards a universal model for the density profiles of dark matter haloes
• Tidal adaptive softening and artificial fragmentation in cosmological simulations
• Galaxy mergers can initiate quenching by unlocking an AGN-driven transformation of the baryon cycle
• Universal Fitting Formulae for the Peak Concentration of Dark Matter Halos
• Signatures of Extended Dark Energy Parametrisations in Structure Formation under Background Constraints
• No Stream Left Unscathed: The imprint of a host galaxy
• Numerical approaches to star formation and SuperNovae energy feedback in simulations of galaxy clusters
• Cold vs. Hot Gas Accretion and Angular Momentum in FIRE Simulations: From Halo to Galaxy Scales
• On the scale-height of the molecular gas disc in Milky Way-like galaxies
• Forged by Feedback: Stellar Properties of Brightest Group Galaxies in Cosmological Simulations
• A dynamics-based density profile for dark haloes. I. Algorithm and basic results
• On the Tidal Formation of Dark Matter Deficient Galaxies
• Internal dark matter structure of the most massive galaxy clusters since redshift 1
• Bulge formation from SSCs in a responding cuspy dark matter halo
• Detecting a physical difference between the CDM halos in simulation and in nature
• Rapid sinking and efficient mergers of supermassive black holes in compact high-redshift galaxies
• The frame-dragging vector potential on galaxy scales from Dark-Matter-only Newtonian $N$-body simulations