Measuring bar pattern speeds from single simulation snapshots

Abstract

We describe methods to measure simultaneously the orientation angle $\psi$ and pattern speed $\Omega$ from single snapshots of simulated barred galaxies. Unlike previous attempts, our approach is unbiased, precise, and consistent in the sense that $\psi =\int \Omega \mathrm{d}t$. It can be extended to obtain the rate and axis of rotation, i.e. the vector $\mathbf{\Omega }$. We provide computer code implementing our method.

arXiv comment7 pages, accepted at MNRAS; v2: clarified discussion of previous work

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