Spatially offset black holes in the Horizon-AGN simulation and comparison to observations

Abstract

We study the displacements between the centres of galaxies and their supermassive black holes (BHs) in the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation Horizon-AGN, and in a variety of observations from the literature. The BHs in Horizon-AGN feel a sub-grid dynamical friction force, sourced by the surrounding gas, which prevents recoiling BHs being ejected from the galaxy. We find that i) the fraction of spatially offset BHs increases with cosmic time, ii) BHs live on prograde orbits in the plane of the galaxy with an orbital radius that decays with time but stalls near $z=0$, and iii) the magnitudes of offsets from the galaxy centres are substantially larger in the simulation than in observations. We attribute the stalling of the infall and excessive offset magnitudes to the fact that dynamical friction from stars and dark matter is not modelled in the simulation, and hence provide a way to improve the black hole dynamics of future simulations.

arXiv comment19 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (93)

• Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Gaia mission
• The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centres
• A Relationship Between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion
• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• The Origin of the Mass--Metallicity Relation: Insights from 53,000 Star-Forming Galaxies in the SDSS
• The physical properties of star forming galaxies in the low redshift universe
• The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III
• Stellar Masses and Star Formation Histories for 10^5 Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Observational evidence for self-interacting cold dark matter
• Cosmological Hydrodynamics with Adaptive Mesh Refinement: a new high resolution code called RAMSES
• Gaia Data Release 2: The astrometric solution
• A Unified, Merger-Driven Model for the Origin of Starbursts, Quasars, the Cosmic X-Ray Background, Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxy Spheroids
• The Ninth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
• Simulating galaxy formation with black hole driven thermal and kinetic feedback
• A fundamental plane of black hole activity
• Simba: Cosmological Simulations with Black Hole Growth and Feedback
• The Inner Structure of LambdaCDM Halos I: A Numerical Convergence Study
• The Assembly and Merging History of Supermassive Black Holes in Hierarchical Models of Galaxy Formation
• A universal angular momentum profile for galactic halos
• Dancing in the dark: galactic properties trace spin swings along the cosmic web
• Cosmological simulations of the growth of supermassive black holes and feedback from active galactic nuclei: method and tests
• How supernova feedback turns dark matter cusps into cores
• The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
• Gaia Data Release 1: Astrometry - one billion positions, two million proper motions and parallaxes
• Dynamical Friction in a Gaseous Medium
• The Chandra Source Catalog
• Cosmological simulations of black hole growth: AGN luminosities and downsizing
• The Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey: I. Source selection and observations
• Self-regulated growth of supermassive black holes by a dual jet/heating AGN feedback mechanism: methods, tests and implications for cosmological simulations
• The MassiveBlack-II Simulation: The Evolution of Halos and Galaxies to z~0
• The origin and implications of dark matter anisotropic cosmic infall on ~L* haloes
• The Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey:II. Gravitational lens candidate selection and follow-up
• Low-frequency gravitational radiation from coalescing massive black hole binaries in hierarchical cosmologies
• On the onset of galactic winds in quiescent star forming galaxies
• The cosmic evolution of massive black holes in the Horizon-AGN simulation
• The evolution of massive black holes and their spins in their galactic hosts
• The History of the Baryon Budget: Cosmic Logistics in a Hierarchical Universe
• Building Merger Trees from Cosmological N-body Simulations
• Heating cooling flows with jets
• A New Sample of (Wandering) Massive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies from High Resolution Radio Observations
• Gaia Data Release 2: The Celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF2)
• The structure and evolution of weakly self-interacting cold dark matter halos
• Off the Beaten Path: A New Approach to Realistically Model The Orbital Decay of Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxy Formation Simulations
• Improved and Quality-assessed Emission and Absorption Line measurements in Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies
• Recoiling Black Holes in Merging Galaxies: Relationship to AGN Lifetimes, Starbursts, and the M-sigma Relation
• Hydrodynamics of galaxy mergers with supermassive black holes: is there a last parsec problem ?
• The erratic dynamical life of black hole seeds in high-redshift galaxies
• A Runaway Black Hole in COSMOS: Gravitational Wave or Slingshot Recoil?
• The Growth of Black Holes from Population III Remnants in the Renaissance Simulations
• VLBI-Gaia offsets favor parsec-scale jet direction in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Gaia Data Release 1: The reference frame and the optical properties of ICRF sources
• Wandering Supermassive Black Holes in Milky Way Mass Halos
• A Displaced Supermassive Black Hole in M87
• Galaxy-halo alignments in the Horizon-AGN cosmological hydrodynamical simulation
• The black hole fundamental plane from a uniform sample of radio and X-ray emitting broad line AGNs
• Varstrometry for Off-nucleus and Dual sub-Kpc AGN (VODKA): Methodology and Initial Results with Gaia DR2
• Varstrometry for Off-nucleus and Dual sub-Kpc AGN (VODKA): How Well-centered Are Low-z AGN?
• Statistical studies of Spinning Black-Hole Binaries
• mJIVE-20: a survey for compact mJy radio objects with the Very Long Baseline Array
• Seeding Black Holes in Cosmological Simulations
• An Offset Seyfert 2 Nucleus in the Minor Merger System NGC 3341
• Chandra High resolution Observations of CID-42, a candidate recoiling SMBH
• Recoiling Supermassive Black Holes: a search in the Nearby Universe
• Normal black holes in bulge-less galaxies: the largely quiescent, merger-free growth of black holes over cosmic time
• The birth of a supermassive black hole binary
• A bright off-nuclear X-ray source: A bright off-nuclear X-ray source: a type IIn supernova, a bright ULX or a recoiling super-massive black hole in CXO J122518.6+144545
• Observational consequences of optical band milliarcsecond-scale structure in active galactic nuclei discovered by Gaia
• The host galaxy/AGN connection in nearby early-type galaxies. Sample selection and hosts brightness profiles
• Spatially Offset Active Galactic Nuclei I: Selection and Spectroscopic Properties
• A Catalog of Hyper-luminous X-ray Sources and Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Candidates out to High Redshifts
• A rumble in the dark: signatures of self-interacting dark matter in Super-Massive Black Hole dynamics and galaxy density profiles
• Bondi or not Bondi: the impact of resolution on accretion and drag force modelling for Supermassive Black Holes
• Optical-radio positional offsets for active galactic nuclei
• Constraints on the Nature of CID-42: Recoil Kick or Supermassive Black Hole Pair?
• An off-centered active galactic nucleus in NGC 3115
• Spatially-Offset AGN Candidates in the CLASS Survey
• The Ubiquity of Supermassive Black Holes in the Hubble Sequence
• A Potential Recoiling Supermassive Black Hole CXO J101527.2+625911
• Radio-Optical Reference Frame Link Using the US Naval Observatory Astrograph and Deep CCD Imaging
• New insights from deep VLA data on the potentially recoiling black hole CID-42 in the COSMOS field
• The NGC 3341 minor merger: a panchromatic view of the active galactic nucleus in a dwarf companion
• Subhalo sinking and off-center massive black holes in dwarf galaxies
• The off-centered Seyfert-like compact emission in the nuclear region of NGC 3621
• A Nearly Naked Supermassive Black Hole
• Kinematically Identified Recoiling Supermassive Black Hole Candidates in SDSS QSOs with z $<$ 0.25
• Constraints on Two Active Galactic Nuclei in the Merger Remnant COSMOS J100043.15+020637.2
• Self-Interacting Dark Matter and the Delay of Super-Massive Black Hole Growth
• Constraining VLBI-optical offsets in high redshift galaxies using strong gravitational lensing

Cited by in corpus (10)

• Kiloparsec-scale ALMA Imaging of [CII] and Dust Continuum Emission of 27 Quasar Host Galaxies at z~6
• Origins and Demographics of Wandering Black Holes
• The importance of black hole repositioning for galaxy formation simulations
• Unveiling the Population of Wandering Black Holes via Electromagnetic Signatures
• The scatter in the galaxy-halo connection: a machine learning analysis
• Morphological evolution of supermassive black hole merger hosts and multimessenger signatures
• A Massive, Clumpy Molecular Gas Distribution and Displaced AGN in Zw 3146
• Dynamical friction of a massive black hole in a turbulent gaseous medium
• Milliarcsecond X-ray astrometry to resolve inner regions of AGN at $z>1$ using gravitational lensing
• Calibrating galaxy formation effects in galactic tests of fundamental physics