Interferometer design of the KAGRA gravitational wave detector

Abstract

KAGRA is a cryogenic interferometric gravitational wave detector being constructed at the underground site of Kamioka mine in Gifu prefecture, Japan. We performed an optimization of the interferomter design, to achieve the best sensitivity and a stable operation, with boundary conditions of classical noises and under various practical constraints, such as the size of the tunnel or the mirror cooling capacity. Length and alignment sensing schemes for the robust control of the interferometer are developed. In this paper, we describe the detailed design of the KAGRA interferometer as well as the reasoning behind design choices.

16 pages, 18 figures, 8 tables

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• Mergers of Maximally Charged Primordial Black Holes
• Search for Long-duration Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Magnetar Giant Flares
• Using supervised learning algorithms as a follow-up method in the search of gravitational waves from core-collapse supernovae
• Rates of Short-GRB afterglows in association with Binary Neutron Star mergers
• Prospects of joint detections of neutron star mergers and short-GRBs with Gaussian structured jets
• Consistent eccentricities for gravitational wave astronomy: Resolving discrepancies between astrophysical simulations and waveform models
• The three body first post-Newtonian effects on the secular dynamics of a compact binary near a spinning supermassive black hole
• Gravitational-wave follow-up with CTA after the detection of GRBs in the TeV energy domain
• Enhancing the sensitivity of transient gravitational wave searches with Gaussian Mixture Models
• GWSim: Python package for creating mock GW samples for different astrophysical populations and cosmological models of binary black holes
• Strategies for the Follow-up of Gravitational Wave Transients with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Modeling Mergers of Known Galactic Systems of Binary Neutron Stars
• Targeted search for the stochastic gravitational-wave background from the galactic millisecond pulsar population
• A geometric template bank for the detection of spinning low-mass compact binaries with moderate orbital eccentricity
• Multi-messenger astronomy of gravitational-wave sources with flexible wide-area radio transient surveys
• Applying the Viterbi Algorithm to Planetary-Mass Black Hole Searches
• Linear vs. nonlinear modeling of black hole ringdowns
• Improved early warning of compact binary mergers using higher modes of gravitational radiation: A population study
• Assessing gravitational-wave binary black hole candidates with Bayesian odds
• Calibrating the cosmic distance ladder using gravitational-wave observations
• Effect of double spin-precession and higher harmonics on spin-induced quadrupole moment measurements
• Neutron stars formation and Core Collapse Supernovae
• LION :Laser Interferometer On the mooN
• Application of the independent component analysis to the iKAGRA data
• Template Lattices for a Cross-Correlation Search for Gravitational Waves from Scorpius X-1
• Heavy-tailed likelihoods for robustness against data outliers: Applications to the analysis of gravitational wave data
• Observing the dark sector
• Decoding the final state in binary black hole mergers
• Self-Gravity Effects of Ultralight Boson Clouds Formed by Black Hole Superradiance
• Detection of Low Tension Cosmic Superstrings
• Searching for MHz Gravitational Waves from Harmonic Sources
• How would GW150914 look with future GW detector networks?
• Parameter estimation of neutron star-black hole binaries using an advanced gravitational-wave detector network: Effects of the full post-Newtonian waveform
• Optical and mechanical properties of ion-beam-sputtered MgF${}_2$ thin films for gravitational-wave interferometers
• Inspirals into a charged black hole
• Gravitational wave detection from OJ 287 via a pulsar timing array
• Optimal detuning for quantum filter cavities
• The propagating speed of relic gravitational waves and their refractive index during inflation
• A fifty-fold improvement of thermal noise limited inertial sensitivity by operating at cryogenic temperatures
• Multi-messenger observations of core-collapse supernovae: Exploiting the standing accretion shock instability
• On the gauge dependence of scalar induced secondary gravitational waves during radiation and matter domination eras
• Boosting the sensitivity of high frequency gravitational wave detectors by PT-symmetry
• Gravitational-wave Observations Suggest Most Black Hole Mergers Form in Triples
• Probing the pulsar explanation of the Galactic-Center GeV excess using continuous gravitational-wave searches
• Recipes for computing radiation from a Kerr black hole using a generalized Sasaki-Nakamura formalism: Homogeneous solutions
• The False Alarms induced by Gaussian Noise in Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Astrophysical signal consistency test adapted for gravitational-wave transient searches
• Possible confirmation of the existence of ergoregion by the Kerr quasinormal mode in gravitational waves from Pop III massive black hole binary
• Information Retrieval and Recommendation System for Astronomical Observatories
• Gravitational Waves from the Propagation of Long Gamma-Ray Burst jets
• Improvement of the parameter measurement accuracy by the third-generation gravitational wave detector Einstein Telescope
• Towards a robust and reliable deep learning approach for detection of compact binary mergers in gravitational wave data
• Be careful in multi-messenger inference of the Hubble constant: A path forward for robust inference
• Formalism for power spectral density estimation for non-identical and correlated noise using the null channel in Einstein Telescope
• Exploring a search for long-duration transient gravitational waves associated with magnetar bursts
• Formation of GW230529 from Isolated Binary Evolution
• Effects of mixing and annealing on the optical and mechanical properties of TiO${}_2$:Ta${}_2$O${}_5$ amorphous coatings
• Will Gravitational Wave Sirens Determine the Hubble Constant?
• Macroscopic Dark Matter Detection with Gravitational Wave Experiments
• Parameter Estimation for Tests of General Relativity with the Astrophysical Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Gravitational waves in Modified Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• An optimal ${\chi }^2$ discriminator against modelled noise-transients in interferometric data in searches for binary black-hole mergers
• Method to detect gravitational waves from an ensemble of known pulsars
• Host galaxy identification for binary black hole mergers with long baseline gravitational wave detectors
• The optical loss study of molecular layer for a cryogenic interferometric gravitational-wave detector
• Application of a Zero-latency Whitening Filter to Compact Binary Coalescence Gravitational-wave Searches
• Jointly setting upper limits on multiple components of an anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background
• Source localizations with the network of space-based gravitational wave detectors
• Central X-ray point-sources found to be abundant in low-mass, late-type galaxies predicted to contain an intermediate-mass black hole
• Coherent coupling completes an unambiguous optomechanical classification framework
• Detectability of strongly lensed gravitational waves using model-independent image parameters
• Development of ion-beam sputtered silicon nitride thin films for low-noise mirror coatings of gravitational-wave detectors
• Numerically modeling Brownian thermal noise in amorphous and crystalline thin coatings
• Enhancing gravitational-wave burst detection confidence in expanded detector networks with the BayesWave pipeline
• Estimation of the gravitational wave polarizations from a non template search
• What is the nature of GW230529? An exploration of the gravitational lensing hypothesis
• Black hole spectroscopy for KAGRA future prospect in O5
• Template bank to search for exotic gravitational wave signals from astrophysical compact binaries
• The detection of quasinormal mode with $a/M\sim 0.95$ would prove a sphere $99\%$ soaking in the ergoregion of the Kerr space-time
• Detection of gravitational wave mixed polarization with single space-based detectors
• Effects of mirror birefringence and its fluctuations to laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors
• Observational prospects of double neutrons star mergers and their multi-messenger afterglows: LIGO discovery power, event rates and diversity
• Quantum coherence of relic gravitons and Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry
• Fast localization of coalescing binaries with a heterogeneous network of advanced gravitational wave detectors
• Measuring the Black Hole Mass Spectrum from Redshifts of aLIGO Binary Merger Events
• Pinpointing coalescing binary neutron star sources with the IGWN, including LIGO-Aundha
• Waveform systematics in identifying strongly gravitationally lensed gravitational waves: Posterior overlap method
• Associating fast radio bursts with compact binary mergers via gravitational lensing
• Demonstration of an amplitude filter cavity at gravitational-wave frequencies
• Dissipative coupling, dispersive coupling and their combination in the cavity-less opto-mechanical systems
• Universal relations to measure neutron star properties from targeted r-mode searches
• Note on Accuracy of the Post-Newtonian Approximation for Extreme-Mass Ratio Inspirals: Retrograde Orbits
• Estimation of spectrum and parameters of relic gravitational waves using space-borne interferometers
• Exploring dark photons via a subfrequency laser searchin gravitational wave detectors
• Effects of a Late Gravitational Transition on Gravitational Waves and Anticipated Constraints
• Broadband Dichromatic Variational Measurement
• Stable Case BB/BC Mass Transfer to Form GW190425-like Massive Binary Neutron Star Mergers
• Beyond the Horizon Distance: LIGO-Virgo can Boost Gravitational Wave Detection Rates by Exploiting the Mass Distribution of Neutron Stars
• Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from Exoplanets
• Gravitational-Wave Parameter Estimation in non-Gaussian noise using Score-Based Likelihood Characterization
• Gravitational Waves from Metastable Cosmic Strings in Supersymmetric New Inflation Model
• GWOPS: A VO-technology Driven Tool to Search for the Electromagnetic Counterpart of Gravitational Wave Event
• Improving the stability of frequency dependent squeezing with bichromatic control of filter cavity length, alignment and incident beam pointing
• How close can we approach the event horizon of the Kerr black hole from the detection of the gravitational quasinormal modes?
• Effect of Scalar Boson on Fermionic Dark Star
• Estimation of Newtonian noise from KAGRA cooling system
• Prospects for reconstructing the gravitational-wave signals from core-collapse supernovae with Advanced LIGO-Virgo and the BayesWave algorithm
• Assessing the Impact of Unequal Noises and Foreground Modeling on SGWB Reconstruction with LISA
• Deconfinement Transition Effects on Cosmological Parameters and Primordial Gravitational Wave Spectrum
• A new estimation method for mass of an isolated neutron star using gravitational waves
• Improving parameter estimation accuracy with torsion-bar antennas
• Determination of compressive stress in thin films using micro-machined buckled membranes
• Minimally modified gravity with auxiliary constraints formalism
• On exotic objects made of dark energy and dark matter: Mass-to-radius profiles and tidal Love numbers
• Linear dynamics and classical tests of the gravitational quantum field theory
• Gravitational waves from cosmic strings for pedestrians
• The origin channels of hierarchical binary black hole mergers in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O1, O2, and O3 runs
• Observability of spin precession in the presence of a black-hole remnant kick
• The Timing System of LIGO Discoveries
• Interaction between linear polarized plane gravitational waves and a plane electromagnetic wave in the electromagnetic-gravity analogue
• Scalar Mode Quadrupole Radiation from Astronomical Sources in $F(R)$ Modified Gravity
• Model-independent search for anisotropies in stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and application to LIGO-Virgo's first three observing Runs
• Hierarchical triple mergers: testing Hawking's area theorem with the inspiral signals
• Detecting and reconstructing gravitational waves from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova in the Advanced Detector Era
• High Speed Source Localization in Searches for Gravitational Waves from Compact Object Collisions
• Strong-field gravitational lensing by black holes
• Toward the detection of gravitational waves under non-Gaussian noises II. Independent Component Analysis
• The potential of advanced ground-based gravitational wave detectors to detect generic deviations from general relativity
• Design study of the KAGRA output mode-cleaner
• Detection of GW200105 with a targeted eccentric search
• Passive-performance, analysis, and upgrades of a 1-ton seismic attenuation system
• Efficiency of nonspinning templates in gravitational wave searches for aligned-spin binary black holes
• Search for gravitational waves from eccentric binary black holes with an effective-one-body template
• Searching for Gravitational-Wave Counterparts using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• X- and Gamma-ray astrophysics in the era of Multi-messenger astronomy
• Driving unmodelled gravitational-wave transient searches using astrophysical information
• Revisiting Thermal Charge Carrier Refractive Noise in Semiconductor Optics for Gravitational-Wave Interferometers
• Probing the large-scale structure of the universe through gravitational-wave observations
• Accelerating the standard siren method: Improved constraints on modified gravitational-wave propagation with future data
• Multi-messenger observations in the Einstein Telescope era: binary neutron star and black hole - neutron star mergers
• Gravitational Wave Searches for Aligned-Spin Binary Neutron Stars Using Nonspinning Templates
• Combination of dissipative and dispersive coupling in the cavity optomechanical systems
• The capability of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder to detect prompt radio bursts from neutron star mergers
• Recent LIGO-Virgo discoveries
• Investigating the detection rates and inference of gravitational-wave and radio emission from black hole neutron star mergers
• Real-time earthquake warning for astronomical observatories
• Stable Optical Rigidity Based on Dissipative Coupling
• Detection of short high-energy transients in the localuniverse with SVOM/ECLAIRs
• Gravitational-Wave Signatures of Nonstandard Neutrino Properties in Collapsing Stellar Cores
• Early Advanced LIGO binary neutron-star sky localization and parameter estimation
• Accelerated parameter estimation of supermassive black hole binaries in LISA using a meshfree approximation
• High Frame-Rate Phase Camera for High-Resolution Wavefront Sensing in Gravitational-Wave Detectors
• Origin of Black Hole Spin in Lower-Mass-Gap Black Hole-Neutron Star Binaries
• Corrections to the gravitational wave phasing
• Optical losses as a function of beam position on the mirrors in a 285-m suspended Fabry-Perot cavity
• Improving the detection sensitivity to primordial stochastic gravitational waves with reduced astrophysical foregrounds. II. Subthreshold binary neutron stars
• Impact of weak lensing on bright standard siren analyses
• Trajectories without quantum uncertainties in composite systems with disparate energy spectra
• Simplified optical configuration for a sloshing-speedmeter-enhanced gravitational wave detector
• Arm locking in conjunction with time-delay interferometry
• Scattering Loss in Precision Metrology due to Mirror Roughness
• Strategies to reduce the thermoelastic loss of multimaterial coated finite substrates
• Tests of cryogenic Fabry-Perot cavity with mirrors on different substrates
• Neutron Stars, Ungravity, and the I-Love-Q relation
• Broadband Coherent Multidimensional Variational Measurement
• Systematic Bias Due to Nonspinning Template Waveforms in the Gravitational Wave Parameter Estimation for Aligned-Spin Binary Black Holes
• Atom-field dynamics in curved spacetime
• Estimate of the Detectability of the Circular Polarisation Signature of Supernova Gravitational Waves Using the Stokes Parameters
• Uncovering faint lensed gravitational-wave signals and reprioritizing their follow-up analysis using galaxy lensing forecasts with detected counterparts
• Classification uncertainty for transient gravitational-wave noise artefacts with optimised conformal prediction
• Estimate of the radius responsible for quasinormal modes in the extreme Kerr limit and asymptotic behavior of the Sasaki-Nakamura transformation
• Inferring astrophysics and cosmology with individual compact binary coalescences and their gravitational-wave stochastic background
• WINTER on S250206dm: A near-infrared search for an electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave event
• Optimized localization for gravitational-waves from merging binaries
• Design and experimental demonstration of a laser modulation system for future gravitational-wave detectors
• Learning Transient Universe in Near-Ultraviolet By Wide-angle Cameras
• The Nature of Gravitational Wave Events with Host Environment Escape Velocities
• Self-calibration of Networks of Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Interpreting gravitational-wave burst detections: constraining source properties without astrophysical models
• Exploring the Potential for Detecting Rotational Instabilities in Binary Neutron Star Merger Remnants with Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Joint inference for gravitational wave signals and glitches using a data-informed glitch model
• A prototype differential atom interferometer for fundamental physics
• Deep insights into the local structure of amorphous Ta2O5 thin films by X-ray pair distribution function analysis
• Discrete $R$-symmetry, Various Energy Scales and Gravitational Waves
• Robust and fast parameter estimation for gravitational waves from binary neutron star merger remnants
• The Use of Binary Black Holes Merging in AGN Disks for Hubble Constant Measurements
• Investigation of crackling noise in the vibration isolation systems of the KAGRA gravitational wave detector
• Probing Spin-Orbit Resonances with the Binary Black Hole Population
• Cryogenic optical shadow sensors for future gravitational wave detectors
• An Interactive Gravitational-Wave Detector Model for Museums and Fairs
• First joint observation by the underground gravitational-wave detector, KAGRA, with GEO600
• Unified laboratory-frame analysis of atomic gravitational-wave sensors
• The Gravitational Wave Bias Parameter from Angular Power Spectra: Bridging Between Galaxies and Binary Black Holes
• Development of advanced photon calibrator for Kamioka gravitational wave detector (KAGRA)
• Constraining Electromagnetic Signals from Black Holes with Hair
• Diffraction losses of a Fabry-Perot cavity with nonidentical non-spherical mirrors
• Single-event likelihood of star cluster properties with LIGO-Virgo-Kagra binary black hole observations
• A nonparametric method to assess significance of events in search for gravitational waves with false discovery rate
• Testing general relativity with gravitational waves -- improving and extending Modified Dispersion Relation tests
• Method to reduce excess noise of a detuned cavity for application in KAGRA
• Multimessenger Probes of High-energy Sources
• Impact of noise transients on gravitational-wave burst detection efficiency of the BayesWave pipeline with multi-detector networks
• Mechanical loss and stability analysis of NEXCERA in ultra-stable optical cavities
• Compact object populations over cosmic time I. BOSSA: a Binary Object environment-Sensitive Sampling Algorithm
• Detecting Unmodeled, Source-dependent Signals in Gravitational Waves with SCoRe
• Using t-SNE for characterizing glitches in LIGO detectors
• Theoretical Radio Signals from Radio-Band Gravitational Waves Converted from the Neutron Star Magnetic Field
• Limits on the existence of totally reflective exotic compact objects with current and future gravitational-wave detectors
• Optimal follow-up observations of gravitational wave events with small optical telescopes
• Thermal X-ray signatures in late-stage unequal-mass massive black hole binary mergers
• Overlapping signals in next-generation gravitational wave observatories: A recipe for selecting the best parameter estimation technique
• Measurability of neutron star tidal deformability from merging neutron star-black hole binaries
• Study of statistical properties of hybrid statistic in coherent multi-detector compact binary coalescences Search
• Echoes from the dark: Galaxy catalog incompleteness in standard siren cosmology
• A method of enhancing the detection sensitivity of transient sources in time series with Gaussian stationary noise
• Characterization of ion-beam-sputtered AlF${}_3$ thin films for gravitational-wave interferometers
• Imprints of the redshift evolution of double neutron star merger rate on the signal to noise ratio distribution
• Gravitational wave signatures from the phase-transition-induced collapse of a magnetized neutron star
• Enhanced optomechanical interaction in the unbalanced interferometer
• Probing the equation of state of neutron stars with captured primordial black holes
• The Classical Harmonic Vibrations of the Atomic Centers of Mass with Micro Amplitudes and Low Frequencies Monitored by the Entanglement between the Two Two-level Atoms in a Single mode Cavity
• Prospects for Observing and Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA
• Characterizing Compact-object Binaries in the Lower Mass Gap with Gravitational Waves
• The Virgo Newtonian calibration system for the O4 observing run
• All-sky coherent search for continuous gravitational waves in 6-7 Hz band with a torsion-bar antenna
• Fighting Newtonian Noise with Gradient-Based Optimization at the Einstein Telescope
• Neutron star evolution by combining discontinuous Galerkin and finite volume methods
• Searching for continuous gravitational waves from highly deformed compact objects with DECIGO
• Performance comparison of multi-detector detection statistics in targeted compact binary coalescence GW search
• Constraining the Luminosity Function and Delay-Time Distribution of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts for Multimessenger Gravitational-Wave Detection Rate Estimation
• Determination of mass of an isolated neutron star using continuous gravitational waves with two frequency modes: an effect of a misalignment angle
• 3D Localization of FRB 20190425A for Its Potential Host Galaxy and Implications
• High speed, high power 2D beam steering for mitigation of optomechanical parametric instability in gravitational wave detectors
• Implications of the binary coalescence events found in O1 and O2 for the stochastic background of gravitational events
• Statistical biases in parametrized searches for gravitational-wave polarizations
• Architectural Optimization and Feature Learning for High-Dimensional Time Series Datasets
• Development of a polarimetry method toward in-situ substrate birefringence characterization of ground-based gravitational wave detectors
• Gravitational wave quasinormal mode from Population III massive black hole binaries in various models of population synthesis
• Multimodal analysis of Gravitational Wave signals and Gamma-Ray Bursts from binary neutron star mergers
• Gravitational-wave asteroseismology with f-modes from neutron star binaries at the merger phase
• Parameter estimation for space-based gravitational wave detectors with ringdown signals
• Search for sub-solar primordial black holes in low mass ratio binaries with LIGO-Virgo O2 data and implications for the primordial black hole dark matter fraction
• $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation on the stochastic background of primordial gravitational waves with BKP18
• Gravitational background from dynamical binaries and detectability with 2G detectors
• Constraining runaway dilaton models using joint gravitational-wave and electromagnetic observations
• Impact of correlated seismic and correlated Newtonian noise on the Einstein Telescope
• Quantum mechanical interaction of matter with the scalar mode of gravitational wave in modified gravity theories
• Performance of multi-detector hybrid statistic in targeted compact binary coalescence search
• Gravitational wave memory and quantum Michelson interferometer
• Detecting stochastic gravitational wave background from cosmic strings with next-generation detector networks: Component separation based on a multi-source astrophysical foreground noise model
• Initial acquisition requirements for optical cavities in the space gravitational wave antennae DECIGO and B-DECIGO
• Probing the peak of star formation with the stochastic background of binary black hole mergers
• Impact of facility timing and coordination for next-generation gravitational-wave detectors
• Can Eccentric Binary Black Hole Signals Mimic Gravitational-Wave Microlensing?
• In situ substrate birefringence characterization in gravitational wave detectors using a heterodyne polarimetry method
• Enhancing online estimation of CBC parameters with the low-latency MBTA analysis
• The Sequential Monte Carlo goes NUTS: Boosting Gravitational-Wave Inference
• Identifying Host Galaxies of Binary Black Hole Mergers with Next-Generation Gravitational Wave Detector Networks
• Cordierite-based optical resonators with extremely low thermal expansion
• Tests of scalar polarizations with multi-messenger events
• Constraints on the VHE counterpart of two binary black hole mergers observed by the MAGIC and CTAO LST-1 telescopes
• A Novel Search Technique for Low-Frequency Periodic Gravitational Waves
• Gravitational-Wave Geodesy: Defining False Alarm Probabilities with Respect to Correlated Noise
• Detectability of a spatial correlation between stellar-mass black hole mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei in the Local Universe
• Distinguishing between dark-matter interactions with gravitational-wave detectors
• Null-stream-based Bayesian Unmodeled Framework to Probe Generic Gravitational-wave Polarizations
• EFPE: Efficient fully precessing eccentric gravitational waveforms for binaries with long inspirals
• Correlation analysis for isotropic stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds with maximally allowed polarization degrees
• New Design of Electrostatic Mirror Actuators for Application in High-Precision Interferometry
• Angular response of a triangular optical cavity analyzed by a linear approximation method
• Apparatus to Measure Optical Scatter of Coatings Versus Annealing Temperature
• Precision requirements and innovative manufacturing for ultrahigh precision laser interferometry of gravitational-wave astronomy
• LigoDV-web: Providing easy, secure and universal access to a large distributed scientific data store for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration
• (Almost-)blind locking algorithm for high finesse suspended optical cavities