Progress in the measurement and reduction of thermal noise in optical coatings for gravitational-wave detectors

Abstract

Coating thermal noise is a fundamental limit for precision experiments based on optical and quantum transducers. In this review, after a brief overview of the techniques for coating thermal noise measurements, we present the latest world-wide research activity on low-noise coatings, with a focus on the results obtained at the Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés. We report new updated values for the Ta${}_2$O${}_5$, Ta${}_2$O${}_5$-TiO${}_2$ and SiO${}_2$ coatings of the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA detectors, and new results from sputtered Nb${}_2$O${}_5$, TiO${}_2$-Nb${}_2$O${}_5$, Ta${}_2$O${}_5$-ZrO${}_2$, MgF${}_2$, AlF${}_3$ and silicon nitride coatings. Amorphous silicon, crystalline coatings, high-temperature deposition, multi-material coatings and composite layers are also briefly discussed, together with the latest developments of structural analyses and models.

arXiv commentarXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1909.03737

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Cited by in corpus (21)

• Amorphous optical coatings of present gravitational-wave interferometers
• Gravitational-wave physics with Cosmic Explorer: limits to low-frequency sensitivity
• Low mechanical loss TiO${}_2$:GeO${}_2$ coatings for reduced thermal noise in Gravitational Wave Interferometers
• Excess noise and photo-induced effects in highly reflective crystalline mirror coatings
• Enhanced Medium Range Order in Vapor Deposited Germania Glasses at Elevated Temperatures
• Comprehensive study of amorphous metal oxide and Ta${}_2$O${}_5$-based mixed oxide coatings for gravitational-wave detectors
• Optical and mechanical properties of ion-beam-sputtered Nb${}_2$O${}_5$ and TiO${}_2$-Nb${}_2$O${}_5$ thin films for gravitational-wave interferometers
• Exploration of co-sputtered Ta${}_2$O${}_5$-ZrO${}_2$ thin films for gravitational-wave detectors
• Substrate-transferred GaAs/AlGaAs crystalline coatings for gravitational-wave detectors: A review of the state of the art
• Ternary Quarter Wavelength Coatings for Gravitational Wave Detector Mirrors: Design Optimization via Exhaustive Search
• Structural evolution of binary oxide nanolaminates with annealing and its impact on room-temperature internal friction
• Optical and mechanical properties of ion-beam-sputtered MgF${}_2$ thin films for gravitational-wave interferometers
• Effects of mixing and annealing on the optical and mechanical properties of TiO${}_2$:Ta${}_2$O${}_5$ amorphous coatings
• Development of ion-beam sputtered silicon nitride thin films for low-noise mirror coatings of gravitational-wave detectors
• Thermorefringent noise in crystalline optical materials
• Macroscopic quantum mechanics in gravitational-wave observatories and beyond
• Ultrastable lasers: investigations of crystalline mirrors and closed cycle cooling at 124 K
• Determination of compressive stress in thin films using micro-machined buckled membranes
• Deep insights into the local structure of amorphous Ta2O5 thin films by X-ray pair distribution function analysis
• Characterization of ion-beam-sputtered AlF${}_3$ thin films for gravitational-wave interferometers
• Photo-birefringent effects in crystalline AlGaAs mirror coatings