Gravitational wave detection from OJ 287 via a pulsar timing array

Abstract

Blazar OJ 287 is a candidate nanoHertz (nHz) gravitational wave (GW) source. In this article, we investigate the GWs generated by OJ 287 and their potential detection through a pulsar timing array (PTA). First, we obtain the orbit and the corresponding GW strain of OJ 287. During the time span of the next 10 years (2019 to 2029), the GW of OJ 287 will be active before 2021, with a peak strain amplitude $8\times 10^{-16}$, and then decay after that. When OJ 287 is silent in the GW channel during 2021 to 2029, the timing residual signals of the PTA will be dominated by the 'pulsar term' of the GW strain and this provides an opportunity to observe this pulsar term. Furthermore, we choose 26 pulsars with white noise below 300 ns to detect the GW signal of OJ 287, evaluating their timing residuals and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The total SNR (with a cadence of 2 weeks in the next 10 years) of the PTA ranges from 1.9 to 2.9, corresponding to a weak GW signal for the current sensitivity level. Subsequently, we investigate the potential measurement of the parameters of OJ 287 using these pulsars. In particular, PSR J0437-4715, with a precisely measured distance, has the potential to constrain the polarization angle with an uncertainty below $8^{°}$ and this pulsar will play an important role in future PTA observations.

arXiv comment12 pages, 8 figures

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• Pulsar timing array signals induced by black hole binaries in relativistic eccentric orbits
• Constraining ultralight bosonic dark matter with Keck observations of S2's orbit and kinematics
• Long Term Multi-band Near Infra-Red Variability of the Blazar OJ 287 during 2007--2021
• Constraints on individual supermassive binary black holes using observations of PSR J1909-3744
• Parameter-Estimation Biases for Eccentric Supermassive Binary Black Holes in Pulsar Timing Arrays: Biases Caused by Ignored Pulsar Terms
• X-ray Flux and Spectral Variability of the Blazar OJ 287 with Suzaku
• Precision Timing of PSR J0437-4715 with the IAR Observatory and Implications for Low-Frequency Gravitational Wave Source Sensitivity
• Examination of orbital evolution and gravitational waves of OJ 287 in the 4PN order
• Stochastic gravitational wave background from the collisions of dark matter halos