Review of the Advanced LIGO gravitational wave observatories leading to observing run four

Abstract

Gravitational waves from binary black hole and neutron star mergers are being regularly detected. As of 2021, ninety confident gravitational wave detections have been made by the LIGO and Virgo detectors. Work is ongoing to further increase the sensitivity of the detectors for the fourth observing run, including installing some of the A+ upgrades designed to lower the fundamental noise that limits the sensitivity to gravitational waves. In this review, we will overview how the LIGO detectors work, including their optical configuration and lock acquisition procedure, discuss the detectors' fundamental and technical noise limits and compare to the current measured sensitivity, and review the A+ upgrades currently being installed in the detectors.

33 pages, 7 figures, 181 references

References in corpus (21)

• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector
• Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
• Advanced LIGO
• LIGO: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
• Sensitivity and Performance of the Advanced LIGO Detectors in the Third Observing Run
• Characterization of systematic error in Advanced LIGO calibration
• Calibration Uncertainty for Advanced LIGO's First and Second Observing Runs
• Approaching the motional ground state of a 10 kg object
• DC-readout of a signal-recycled gravitational wave detector
• The Advanced LIGO Photon Calibrators
• Sensors and Actuators for the Advanced LIGO Mirror Suspensions
• Overview of Advanced LIGO Adaptive Optics
• High-frequency corrections to the detector response and their effect on searches for gravitational waves
• Multi-Material Coatings with Reduced Thermal Noise
• LIGOs Quantum Response to Squeezed States
• Audio-band Coating Thermal Noise Measurement for Advanced LIGO with a Multi-mode Optical Resonator
• Improving LIGO calibration accuracy by tracking and compensating for slow temporal variations
• Newtonian calibrator tests during the Virgo O3 data taking
• Piezo-deformable Mirrors for Active Mode Matching in Advanced LIGO
• Broadband Measurement of Coating Thermal Noise in Rigid Fabry-Perot Cavities

Cited by in corpus (38)

• Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a $2.5\text{-}4.5M_{\odot }$ Compact Object and a Neutron Star
• The universal Teukolsky equations and black hole perturbations in higher-derivative gravity
• MLGWSC-1: The first Machine Learning Gravitational-Wave Search Mock Data Challenge
• Data quality up to the third observing run of Advanced LIGO: Gravity Spy glitch classifications
• Planck Constraints and Gravitational Wave Forecasts for Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter Seeded by Multifield Inflation
• Radiative losses and radiation-reaction effects at the first post-Newtonian order in Einstein-Cartan theory
• Picophotonics -- Subatomic Optical Localization Beyond Thermal Fluctuations
• Deep Learning Detection and Classification of Gravitational Waves from Neutron Star-Black Hole Mergers
• Mock data study for next-generation ground-based detectors: The performance loss of matched filtering due to correlated confusion noise
• Impact of bulk viscosity on the post-merger gravitational-wave signal from merging neutron stars
• Frequency planning for LISA
• SU(3) parity doubling in cold neutron star matter
• Constraining the AGN formation channel for detected black hole binary mergers up to z=1.5 with the Quaia catalogue
• Gravitational wave triggered searches for high-energy neutrinos from binary neutron star mergers: prospects for next generation detectors
• Quasinormal mode spectrum of rotating black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-dilaton theory
• $2\cdot 10^{-13}$ fractional laser frequency stability with a 7-cm unequal-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer
• Quasinormal modes of rotating black holes in shift-symmetric Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory
• Improving cosmological reach of a gravitational wave observatory using Deep Loop Shaping
• The Critical Role of LIGO-India in the Era of Next-Generation Observatories
• Sensitivity of spin-aligned searches for neutron star-black hole systems using future detectors
• Probing dark matter with polarimetry techniques
• Proper Time Observables of General Gravitational Perturbations in Laser Interferometry-based Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Gravitational waves from nonradial oscillations of stochastically accreting neutron stars
• Ridges in rotating neutron-star properties due to first order phase transitions
• Scalar Quasinormal Modes of Rotating Regular Black Holes
• Enhancing optomechanical force sensing utilizing synthetic magnetism
• GALILEO: Galactic Axion Laser Interferometer Leveraging Electro-Optics
• Compact Binary Coalescence Gravitational Wave Signals Counting and Separation
• Transient electromagnetic sources can detect solitary black holes in Milky Way galaxy
• Compact object populations over cosmic time I. BOSSA: a Binary Object environment-Sensitive Sampling Algorithm
• Birkhoff's Theorem and Uniqueness: A Peek Beyond General Relativity
• On the Gravitational Wave Counterpart to a Gamma-ray Galactic Center Signal from Millisecond Pulsars
• Complete Catalog of Laser Locking Configurations for LISA
• Compact binary system dynamics at the second post-Newtonian order: analytical formula of the coordinate time for eccentric and circular orbits
• Quadrupole perturbations of slowly spinning Ellis-Bronnikov wormholes
• Accreting Schwarzschild-like compact object: Plasma-photon interaction and stability
• Characterizing Compact-object Binaries in the Lower Mass Gap with Gravitational Waves
• Spin precession and neutrino helicity flip under the influence of a gravitational plane wave