Observation of a Correlation Between Internal friction and Urbach Energy in Amorphous Oxides Thin Films

Abstract

We have investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE, 190-1700 nm) the optical properties of uniform, amorphous thin films of Ta2O5 and Nb2O5 as deposited and after annealing, and after so-called "doping" with Ti atoms which leads to mixed oxides. Ta2O5 and Ti:Ta2O5 are currently used as high-index components in Bragg reflectors for Gravitational Wave Detectors. Parallel to the optical investigation, we measured the mechanical energy dissipation of the same coatings, through the so-called "loss angle" phi = Q^-1, which quantifies the energy loss in materials. By applying the well-known Cody-Lorentz model in the analysis of SE data we have been able to derive accurate information on the fundamental absorption edge through important parameters related to the electronic density of states, such as the optical gap (E_g) and the energy width of the exponential Urbach tail (the Urbach energy E_U). We have found that E_U is neatly reduced by suitable annealing as is also perceptible from direct inspection of SE data. Ti-doping also points to a minor decrease of E_U. The reduction of E_U parallels a lowering of the mechanical losses quantified by the loss angle phi. The correlation highlights that both the electronic states responsible of Urbach tail and the internal friction are sensitive to a self-correlation of defects on a medium-range scale, which is promoted by annealing and in our case, to a lesser extent, by doping. These observations may contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between structural and mechanical properties in amorphous oxides.

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• Optical and mechanical properties of ion-beam-sputtered Nb${}_2$O${}_5$ and TiO${}_2$-Nb${}_2$O${}_5$ thin films for gravitational-wave interferometers
• Exploration of co-sputtered Ta${}_2$O${}_5$-ZrO${}_2$ thin films for gravitational-wave detectors
• Effects of mixing and annealing on the optical and mechanical properties of TiO${}_2$:Ta${}_2$O${}_5$ amorphous coatings
• Development of ion-beam sputtered silicon nitride thin films for low-noise mirror coatings of gravitational-wave detectors
• A Systematic Error in the Internal Friction Measurement of Coatings for Gravitational Waves Detectors