Rapid Surface Oxidation as a Source of Surface Degradation Factor for Bi2Se3

Abstract

Bi2Se3 is a topological insulator with metallic surface states residing in a large bulk bandgap. It is believed that Bi2Se3 gets additional n-type doping after exposure to atmosphere, thereby reducing the relative contribution of surface states in total conductivity. In this letter, transport measurements on Bi2Se3 nanoribbons provide additional evidence of such environmental doping process. Systematic surface composition analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal fast formation and continuous growth of native oxide on Bi2Se3 under ambient conditions. In addition to n-type doping at the surface, such surface oxidation is likely the material origin of the degradation of topological surface states. Appropriate surface passivation or encapsulation may be required to probe topological surface states of Bi2Se3 by transport measurements.

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Cited by in corpus (81)

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• Reactive chemical doping of the $B{i}_{2}S{e}_3$ topological insulator
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• Transport in three-dimensional topological insulators: theory and experiment
• Coherent Topological Transport on the Surface of Bi2Se3
• Growth of High-Mobility Bi2Te2Se Nanoplatelets on hBN Sheets by van der Waals Epitaxy
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• In-situ spectroscopy of intrinsic Bi2Te3 topological insulator thin films and impact of extrinsic defects
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• Protective capping of topological surface states of intrinsically insulating Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$
• High Surface Conductivity of Fermi Arc Electrons in Weyl semimetals
• Topological Crystalline Insulator Nanostructures
• Restoring Pristine Bi2Se3 Surface with an Effective Se Decapping Process
• Large-Area and Transferred High-Quality Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator Bi2-xSbxTe3-ySey Ultrathin Film by Catalyst-Free Physical Vapor Deposition
• Ambipolar Surface Conduction in Ternary Topological Insulator Bi_2(Te_{1-x}Se_x)_3 Nanoribbons
• Persistent Optical Gating of a Topological Insulator
• Metal-Insulator Transition in Variably Doped (Bi1-xSbx)2Se3 Nanosheets
• Gate-Tunable Tunneling Resistance in Graphene/Topological Insulator Vertical Junctions
• The role of surface chemical reactivity in the stability of electronic nanodevices based on two-dimensional materials "beyond graphene" and topological insulators
• Observation of three-dimensional Dirac semimetal state in topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Epitaxy and Structural Properties of (V,Bi,Sb)${}_2$Te${}_3$ Layers Exhibiting the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect
• Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Gate Tunable Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 Thin Films
• Modification and Control of Topological Insulator Surface States Using Surface Disorder
• Data-driven Exploration of New Pressure-induced Superconductivity in PbBi${}_2$Te${}_4$ with Two Transition Temperatures
• Local photocurrent generation in thin films of the topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Stability of low-carrier-density topological-insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ thin films and effect of capping layers
• Observation of quantum oscillations in FIB fabricated nanowires of topological insulator (Bi2Se3)
• Field-effect mobility enhanced by tuning the Fermi level into the band gap of Bi2Se3
• Oxygen-induced in-situ manipulation of the interlayer coupling and exciton recombination in Bi2Se3/MoS2 2D heterostructures
• Dirac cone shift of a passivated topological Bi2Se3 interface state
• Structural and electronic properties of the pure and stable elemental 3D topological Dirac semimetal $\alpha$-Sn
• Local optical control of ferromagnetism and chemical potential in a topological insulator
• Robust topological insulator surface conduction under strong surface disorder
• Tunneling in graphene-topological insulator hybrid devices
• Two-dimensional magnetotransport in Bi2Te2Se nanoplatelets
• Universal conductance fluctuations and phase-coherent transport in a semiconductor Bi${}_2$O${}_2$Se nanoplate with strong spin-orbit interaction
• Adjustable quantum interference oscillations in Sb-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanoribbons
• Termination of Single Crystal Bi2Se3 Surfaces Prepared by Various Methods
• High transparency Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanoribbon Josephson junctions with low resistive noise properties
• Controlled MOCVD growth of Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanoribbons
• Competing Atomic and Molecular Mechanisms of Thermal Oxidation
• Modeling Near-Surface Bound Electron States in Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator: Analytical and Numerical Approaches
• Room-temperature quantum spin Hall phase in laser-patterned few-layer 1T'- MoS2
• Chemical Potential Fluctuations in Topological Insulator (Bi${}_{0.5}$Sb${}_{0.5}$)${}_2$Te${}_3$ Films Visualized by Photocurrent Spectroscopy
• Giant plateau in the THz Faraday angle in gated Bi2Se3
• Dirac fermions at high-index surfaces of bismuth chalcogenide topological insulator nanostructures
• Electrical detection of surface spin polarization of candidate topological Kondo insulator SmB6
• Tuning and Stabilizing Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 in the Intrinsic Regime by Charge Extraction with Organic Overlayers
• Imaging topologically protected transport with quantum degenerate gases
• Coupling-decoupling of conducting topological surface states in thick Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ single crystals
• Substrate-Independent Catalyst-Free Synthesis of High-Purity Bi2Se3 Nanostructures
• Electron and Hole Injection via Charge Transfer at the Topological-Insulator $B{i}_{2-x}S{b}_{x}T{e}_{3-y}S{e}_y$/Organic-Molecule Interface
• Preparation of clean surfaces and Se vacancy formation in Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ by ion bombardment and annealing
• Lattice-matched heterojunctions between topological and normal insulators: A first-principles study
• Ambipolar surface state transport in non-metallic stoichiometric Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ crystals
• Electrical detection of spin-polarized current in topological insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3
• Residual gas absorption effect on the electronic structure of Cr-doped Bi2Se3
• Electronic correlation determining correlated plasmons in Sb-doped Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
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• Electronic properties of one-dimensional nanostructures of the Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ topological insulator
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• Environmental Doping-Induced Degradation of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulators
• Current-phase relation of a short multi-mode Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanoribbon Josephson junction with ballistic transport modes
• Emergent topological states via digital (001) oxide superlattices
• Spectroscopy of van der Waals nanomaterials: Opportunities and Challenges
• Persistent Topological Surface State at the Interface of Bi2Se3 Film Grown on Patterned Graphene
• Band structure of Bi surfaces formed on Bi2Se3 upon exposure to air
• Anomalies in the temperature evolution of the Dirac states in a topological crystalline insulator SnTe